渤海金州湾放流海域中国明对虾生长特性研究
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摘要
为研究渤海金州湾海域放流中国明对虾Fenneropenaeus chinensis的生长特性,于2016年7—10月共计回捕中国明对虾2195尾,并对其头胸甲长(L_T)、体长(L_t)及体质量(W_t)进行测量和分析。结果表明:中国明对虾头胸甲长与体长呈线性关系,即雌虾L_t=2.8737L_T+28.905 (R~2=0.8914),雄虾L_t=3.067 L_T+22.209 (R~2=0.8427);体长与体质量成幂函数关系,即雌虾W_t=0.546402×10~(-5)L_t~(3.131265)(P=2.2×10~(-16)),雄虾W_t=1.180508×10~(-5)L_t~(2.969245)(P=2.2×10~(-16));采用Von Bertallanffy生长方程拟合体长、体质量的生长方程,即雌虾L_t=220.2139×[1-e~(-0.018(t-52.4))]、W_t=118.4623×[1-e~(-0.018(t-52.4))]~(3.131265),雄虾L_t=153.5412×[1-e~(-0.0409(t-59.71))]、W_t=36.6021×[1-e~(-0.0409(t-59.71))]~(2.969245);体长、体质量生长速度方程,雌虾dL_t/dt=3.9639e~(-0.018(t-52.4))、dW_t/dt=6.6769e~(-0.018(t-52.4))[1-e~(-0.018(t-52.4))]~(2.131265),雄虾dL_t/dt=6.2798e~(-0.0409(t-59.71))、dW_t/dt=4.445e~(-0.0409(t-59.71))[1-e~(-0.0409(t-59.71))]~(1.969245)。研究表明:雌虾与雄虾的体长和体质量在生长过程中表现出明显差异,在体质量生长方面,雌虾体质量生长拐点是115.8 d(约8月29日),雄虾体质量生长拐点是86.3 d(约7月30日),此时中国明对虾仍处于生长期;建议今后在渤海海域可适当延后开捕时间,以期实现资源的最大利用。
Body length(L_t), body weight(W_t) and carapace length(L_T) were measured in 2195 individuals of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis released in spring and then collected in the area of Jinzhou Bay in Bohai Sea from July 2016 to October 2016 by fifteen vessels to evaluate the growth characteristics of Chinese shrimp. The relations between carapace length and body length was described as the linear function, female: L_t=2.8737L_T+28.905(R~2=0.8914); male: L_t=3.067L_T+22.209(R~2=0.8427). The relationship between body length and body weight was expressed as power function, female: W_t=0.546402×10~(-5)L_t~(3.131265)(P=2.2×10~(-16)); male: W_t=1.180508×10~(-5)L_t~(2.969245)(P=2.2×10~(-16)). Von Bertallanffy growth equation indicated that Chinese shrimp had the growth equations as: female: L_t=220.2139×[1-e~(-0.018(t-52.4))], W_t=118.4623×[1-e~(-0.018(t-52.4))]~(3.131265); male: L_t=153.5412×[1-e~(-0.0409(t-59.71))], W_t=36.6021×[1-e~(-0.0409(t-59.71))]~(2.969245). The growth rate equations of body length and body weight are described as: female: dL_t/dt=3.9639 e~(-0.018(t-52.4)), dW_t/dt=6.6769 e~(-0.018(t-52.4)) [1-e~(-0.018(t-52.4))]~(2.131265); male: dL_t/dt=6.2798 e~(-0.0409(t-59.71)), dW_t/dt =4.445 e~(-0.0409(t-59.71))[1-e~(-0.0409(t-59.71))]~(1.969245). There were significant differences in growth characteristics of the body length and body weight of females and males during growth period in the area of Jinzhou Bay in Bohai Sea, with inflexion point of 115.8 d(around 29 th, August) in female, and 86.3 d in males(around 30 th, July) in body weight growth, indicating that Chinese shrimp was still in the growth stage, and then the time of catching is suggested to be delayed in the Bohai Sea in order to maximize the utilization of the resources.
Body length(L_t), body weight(W_t) and carapace length(L_T) were measured in 2195 individuals of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis released in spring and then collected in the area of Jinzhou Bay in Bohai Sea from July 2016 to October 2016 by fifteen vessels to evaluate the growth characteristics of Chinese shrimp. The relations between carapace length and body length was described as the linear function, female: L_t=2.8737L_T+28.905(R~2=0.8914); male: L_t=3.067L_T+22.209(R~2=0.8427). The relationship between body length and body weight was expressed as power function, female: W_t=0.546402×10~(-5)L_t~(3.131265)(P=2.2×10~(-16)); male: W_t=1.180508×10~(-5)L_t~(2.969245)(P=2.2×10~(-16)). Von Bertallanffy growth equation indicated that Chinese shrimp had the growth equations as: female: L_t=220.2139×[1-e~(-0.018(t-52.4))], W_t=118.4623×[1-e~(-0.018(t-52.4))]~(3.131265); male: L_t=153.5412×[1-e~(-0.0409(t-59.71))], W_t=36.6021×[1-e~(-0.0409(t-59.71))]~(2.969245). The growth rate equations of body length and body weight are described as: female: dL_t/dt=3.9639 e~(-0.018(t-52.4)), dW_t/dt=6.6769 e~(-0.018(t-52.4)) [1-e~(-0.018(t-52.4))]~(2.131265); male: dL_t/dt=6.2798 e~(-0.0409(t-59.71)), dW_t/dt =4.445 e~(-0.0409(t-59.71))[1-e~(-0.0409(t-59.71))]~(1.969245). There were significant differences in growth characteristics of the body length and body weight of females and males during growth period in the area of Jinzhou Bay in Bohai Sea, with inflexion point of 115.8 d(around 29 th, August) in female, and 86.3 d in males(around 30 th, July) in body weight growth, indicating that Chinese shrimp was still in the growth stage, and then the time of catching is suggested to be delayed in the Bohai Sea in order to maximize the utilization of the resources.
引文
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[12] 张瑞标,罗坤,王浩,等.盐度对中国对虾“黄海2号”幼虾生长与存活的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2013,28(4):347-349.
[13] 刘海映,崔帆,闫红伟,等.皮口海域中国对虾生长特性的初步研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(5):488-496.
[14] Gao Xuelu,Zhou Fengxia,Chen C T A.Pollution status of the Bohai Sea:an overview of the environmental quality assessment related trace metals[J].Environment International,2014,62:12-30.
[15] 许思思,宋金明,李学刚,等.渤海渔获物资源结构的变化特征及其影响因素分析[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(3):500-506.
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[17] Masuda R,Tsukamoto K.Stock enhancement in Japan:review and perspective[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1998,62(2):337-358.
[18] 中国海湾志编纂委员会.中国海湾志:第二分册[M].北京:海洋出版社,1997.
[19] 王方旗,胡光海,吴永亭,等.渤海金州湾海域声学浅地层剖面及其解释[J].海洋科学进展,2013,31(1):128-137.
[20] 包吉明.金州湾表层沉积物污染物特征及生态风险分析[D].大连:大连理工大学,2015.
[21] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 12763.6-2007海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[22] 肖广侠,宋文平,郭彪,等.渤海湾中国明对虾的生长特性[J].海洋渔业,2014,36(2):116-122.
[23] 陈宗尧,刘永昌,邱盛尧,等.黄海中部沿岸放流增殖对虾生长特性初步研究[J].海洋学报,1990,12(6):758-764.
[24] 邓景耀.渤海对虾(Penaeus orientalis Kishinouye)的生长[J].海洋水产研究,1981(2):85-93.
[25] 陈大刚.渔业资源生物学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997:50-52.
[26] 董宏标,苏永全,毛勇,等.室内环境下日本囊对虾2种形态变异类型群体生长特性比较研究[J].热带海洋学报,2014,33(4):51-60.
[27] 张乃禹.中国对虾生长的数理分析[J].海洋科学,1985,9(4):1-7.
[28] 王克行.虾蟹类增养殖学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997:37-40.
[29] 徐炳庆,吕振波,李战军,等.莱州湾中国对虾生长特性及其空间分布[J].生态学报,2016,36(3):803-810.
[30] 张茂澄.闽东海区中国对虾放流虾的生长特性[J].水产学报,2001,25(2):116-119.
[31] 袁伟,林群,王俊,等.崂山湾中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)增殖放流的效果评价[J].渔业科学进展,2015,36(4):27-34.
[32] Liu Qi,Cui Fan,Hu Pengfei,et al.Using of microsatellite DNA profiling to identify hatchery-reared seed and assess potential genetic risks associated with large-scale release of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus in Panjin,China[J].Fisheries Research,2018,207:187-196.
[2] Wang Mosang,Wang Weiji,Xiao Guangxia,et al.Genetic diversity analysis of spawner and recaptured populations of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) during stock enhancement in the Bohai Bay based on an SSR marker[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2016,35(8):51-56.
[3] 杨爽,宋娜,高天翔,等.莱州湾放流中国对虾的跟踪调查及其生长研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2017(1):102-108.
[4] 邓景耀.对虾渔业生物学研究现状[J].生命科学,1998,10(4):191-194,197.
[5] 张硕,董双林.饵料和盐度对中国对虾幼虾能量收支的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,2002,17(3):227-233.
[6] 陈丽花,肖作兵,周培根.中国对虾蛋白质的营养价值评价[J].上海海洋大学学报,2009,18(1):88-93.
[7] 邓景耀,叶昌臣.渔业资源学[M].重庆:重庆出版社,2001:295.
[8] 邓景耀,叶昌臣,刘永昌.渤黄海的对虾及其资源管理[M].北京:海洋出版社,1990.
[9] 叶昌臣,林源,杨威.中国对虾的辉煌与没落[J].饲料世界,2004(5-6):68-70.
[10] Wang Qingyin,Zhuang Zhimeng,Deng Jingyao,et al.Stock enhancement and translocation of the shrimp Penaeus chinensis in China[J].Fisheries Research,2006,80(1):67-79.
[11] Lo C F,Leu J H,Ho C H,et al.Detection of baculovirus associated with white spot syndrome (WSBV) in penaeid shrimps using polymerase chain reaction[J].Diseases of Aquatic Organisms,1996,25:133-141.
[12] 张瑞标,罗坤,王浩,等.盐度对中国对虾“黄海2号”幼虾生长与存活的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2013,28(4):347-349.
[13] 刘海映,崔帆,闫红伟,等.皮口海域中国对虾生长特性的初步研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(5):488-496.
[14] Gao Xuelu,Zhou Fengxia,Chen C T A.Pollution status of the Bohai Sea:an overview of the environmental quality assessment related trace metals[J].Environment International,2014,62:12-30.
[15] 许思思,宋金明,李学刚,等.渤海渔获物资源结构的变化特征及其影响因素分析[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(3):500-506.
[16] Travis J,Coleman F C,Grimes C B,et al.Critically assessing stock enhancement:an introduction to the mote symposium[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1998,62(2):305-311.
[17] Masuda R,Tsukamoto K.Stock enhancement in Japan:review and perspective[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1998,62(2):337-358.
[18] 中国海湾志编纂委员会.中国海湾志:第二分册[M].北京:海洋出版社,1997.
[19] 王方旗,胡光海,吴永亭,等.渤海金州湾海域声学浅地层剖面及其解释[J].海洋科学进展,2013,31(1):128-137.
[20] 包吉明.金州湾表层沉积物污染物特征及生态风险分析[D].大连:大连理工大学,2015.
[21] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 12763.6-2007海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[22] 肖广侠,宋文平,郭彪,等.渤海湾中国明对虾的生长特性[J].海洋渔业,2014,36(2):116-122.
[23] 陈宗尧,刘永昌,邱盛尧,等.黄海中部沿岸放流增殖对虾生长特性初步研究[J].海洋学报,1990,12(6):758-764.
[24] 邓景耀.渤海对虾(Penaeus orientalis Kishinouye)的生长[J].海洋水产研究,1981(2):85-93.
[25] 陈大刚.渔业资源生物学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997:50-52.
[26] 董宏标,苏永全,毛勇,等.室内环境下日本囊对虾2种形态变异类型群体生长特性比较研究[J].热带海洋学报,2014,33(4):51-60.
[27] 张乃禹.中国对虾生长的数理分析[J].海洋科学,1985,9(4):1-7.
[28] 王克行.虾蟹类增养殖学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997:37-40.
[29] 徐炳庆,吕振波,李战军,等.莱州湾中国对虾生长特性及其空间分布[J].生态学报,2016,36(3):803-810.
[30] 张茂澄.闽东海区中国对虾放流虾的生长特性[J].水产学报,2001,25(2):116-119.
[31] 袁伟,林群,王俊,等.崂山湾中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)增殖放流的效果评价[J].渔业科学进展,2015,36(4):27-34.
[32] Liu Qi,Cui Fan,Hu Pengfei,et al.Using of microsatellite DNA profiling to identify hatchery-reared seed and assess potential genetic risks associated with large-scale release of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus in Panjin,China[J].Fisheries Research,2018,207:187-196.