多腔室穿孔管消声器声学特性分析
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摘要
采用一维解析法和三维有限元法分别预测了穿孔管消声器的声学性能,并与实验值对比,结果表明,三维有限元法能在全频段很好地预报消声器的传递损失.采用有限元法研究了多腔室穿孔管消声器的腔室顺序、腔室数目、腔室划分和腔室间距等因素对其声学性能的影响,结果表明:多腔室穿孔管消声器的传递损失值是组成它的多个单腔室穿孔管消声器传递损失的线性叠加,腔室顺序对传递损失结果没有影响;采用插入障板的方式将单腔室穿孔管消声器划分为多腔室穿孔管消声器,可以有效改善消声器的低中频消声性能;插入障板的位置对阻性和抗性消声器的影响规律不同,障板均等划分对阻性消声器的传递损失增大有利,对抗性消声器则并不一定;腔室间距对传递损失的影响主要体现在峰值数目上,峰值大小基本不变,总体而言,腔室间距为0时,消声器在全频段具有最好的消声性能.
One-dimensional analytical method and three-dimensional finite element method were adopted to predict the acoustic attenuation performance of perforated mufflers.Comparisons with experimental results demonstrated that three-dimensional finite element method can predict the transmission loss accurately in the whole frequency band.The finite element method was then used to investigate the effects of chamber sequence,chamber number,chamber division and chamber distance on the acoustic performance of multi-chamber perforated mufflers.The results show that the transmission loss of a multi-chamber perforated muffler is the sum of all component single-chamber mufflers' transmission loss.The chamber sequence has no impact on the transmission loss.It can greatly improve the acoustic attenuation performance to turn a one-chamber muffler into a multi-chamber muffler by inserting rigid baffles in the chamber.The location of baffles has definitely different effects on dissipative and reactive mufflers.Making one chamber into two equal chambers is good for dissipative mufflers on increasing the transmission loss,which is not true for reactive mufflers.The distance between two chambers has influence on the number of peaks of transmission loss curves,and no influence on the peak values.In general,when the distance is zero,the muffler has the best acoustic performance.
One-dimensional analytical method and three-dimensional finite element method were adopted to predict the acoustic attenuation performance of perforated mufflers.Comparisons with experimental results demonstrated that three-dimensional finite element method can predict the transmission loss accurately in the whole frequency band.The finite element method was then used to investigate the effects of chamber sequence,chamber number,chamber division and chamber distance on the acoustic performance of multi-chamber perforated mufflers.The results show that the transmission loss of a multi-chamber perforated muffler is the sum of all component single-chamber mufflers' transmission loss.The chamber sequence has no impact on the transmission loss.It can greatly improve the acoustic attenuation performance to turn a one-chamber muffler into a multi-chamber muffler by inserting rigid baffles in the chamber.The location of baffles has definitely different effects on dissipative and reactive mufflers.Making one chamber into two equal chambers is good for dissipative mufflers on increasing the transmission loss,which is not true for reactive mufflers.The distance between two chambers has influence on the number of peaks of transmission loss curves,and no influence on the peak values.In general,when the distance is zero,the muffler has the best acoustic performance.
引文
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[4]SELAMET A,LEE I J,HUFF N T.Acoustic attenuation of hybrid silencers[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2003,262:509-527.
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[9]袁守利,武明飞,刘志恩.考虑温度场影响的排气消声器性能仿真优化[J].武汉理工大学学报:信息与管理工程版,2014,36(5):627-635.
[10]李增刚,詹福良.Virtual.Lab Acoustics声学仿真计算高级应用实例[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2010.
[11]MELLING T H.The acoustic impedance of perforates at medium and high sound pressure levels[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1973,29:1-65.
[12]JI Z.Acoustic attenuation performance of a multichamber muffler with selective sound-absorbing material placement[C].SAE International,2007:202-213.
[13]LEE I.Acoustic characteristics of perforated dissipative and hybrid silencers[D].Ohio:The Ohio State University,2005.
[2]WANG C N.Numerical decoupling analysis of a resonator with absorbent material[J].Applied Acoustics,1999,58:109-122.
[3]SELAMET A,XU M B,LEE I J,et al.Analytical approach for sound attenuation in perforated dissipative silencers[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2004,115(5):2091-2099.
[4]SELAMET A,LEE I J,HUFF N T.Acoustic attenuation of hybrid silencers[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2003,262:509-527.
[5]JI Z L,SELAMET A.Boundary element analysis of three-pass perforated duct mufflers[J].Noise Control Engineering Journal,2000,48:151-156.
[6]季振林.穿孔管阻性消声器消声性能计算及分析[J].振动工程学报,2005,18(4):453-457.
[7]徐贝贝,季振林.穿孔管消声器声学性能的有限元分析[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(9):112-115.
[8]黄其柏.考虑非均匀流场的管道声学理论及消声器研究[J].华中理工大学学报,1999,27(8):46-48.
[9]袁守利,武明飞,刘志恩.考虑温度场影响的排气消声器性能仿真优化[J].武汉理工大学学报:信息与管理工程版,2014,36(5):627-635.
[10]李增刚,詹福良.Virtual.Lab Acoustics声学仿真计算高级应用实例[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2010.
[11]MELLING T H.The acoustic impedance of perforates at medium and high sound pressure levels[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1973,29:1-65.
[12]JI Z.Acoustic attenuation performance of a multichamber muffler with selective sound-absorbing material placement[C].SAE International,2007:202-213.
[13]LEE I.Acoustic characteristics of perforated dissipative and hybrid silencers[D].Ohio:The Ohio State University,2005.