不同菌糠处理对污灌区土壤铜形态及玉米吸收铜的影响
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摘要
【目的】利用菌糠修复重金属污染土壤并通过试验得出最佳修复比例。【方法】采用盆栽试验,研究了平菇、灵芝、猴头菇菌糠经过晾晒、腐熟和制成生物炭施入污灌区土壤后对玉米不同生育期土壤铜形态和玉米中重金属铜量的影响。【结果】不同生育期,不同菌糠处理下土壤的铜形态基本都集中在铁锰氧化态,有机结合态和残渣态中。整个生育期,可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、有机结合态、残渣态铜量均高于对照(CK),铁锰氧化态铜量低于CK。随着植物的生长,土壤中重金属铜交换态减少,碳酸盐结合态、有机结合态及残渣态增多。植物的重金属铜均大量存在于根部,施入不同种类菌糠后,玉米根部及果实部的重金属铜量与CK相比均降低,灵芝菌糠晾晒处理果实部重金属铜量最低,降幅为20.44%,猴头菇菌糠生物炭处理根部重金属铜量最低,降幅为35.4%,茎部及叶部重金属铜量均上升。【结论】菌糠的施入使土壤重金属铜都向残渣态和有机结合态固定,减少了玉米对其的吸收。
【Objective】The aim is to restore heavy metal pollution and find out the best restoring effect.【Method】Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of fungus chaff on the forms of Cu in the soil at the different growth stages of maize and on the content of Cu in the maize by drying, decomposing fungus chaff of pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma lucidum, and Hericium erinaceus, and then biochar was produced and used in the soil of sewage irrigation area.【Result】The forms of Cu in the soil at different growth stages and with the application of fungus chaff under different treatmentsare basically presented in the Fe-Mn oxide-bound, organic-bound and in residual. During the whole growth period of the plant, the amounts of Cu in Ex-, C-, O-, and residual were all higher than CK, while that in Fe-Mn oxide-bound was lower than CK. As plants grow, the exchangeable Cu in the soil decreases, while that in the carbonate-bound, organic-bound, and residual bound increases. The content of heavy metal Cuin plants mainly existed in the root. After the application of fungus chaffunder different treatments, the content of Cu in the root and fruit part significantly decreased compared with the non-application.Among that, the content of Cu in the fruit part reached the lowest by using the dried ganoderma lucidum fungus chaff, decreasing by 20.44%. And the lowest content of Cu in the root was realized by fungus chaff biochar of the Hericium erinaceus, decreasing by 35.4%. The content of Cu both stems and leaves were increased.【Conclusion】The application of fungus chaff could make the form of the heavy metal Cu in the soil fixed on the residual bound and organic bound, so as to reduce the absorption of Cu by maize.
【Objective】The aim is to restore heavy metal pollution and find out the best restoring effect.【Method】Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of fungus chaff on the forms of Cu in the soil at the different growth stages of maize and on the content of Cu in the maize by drying, decomposing fungus chaff of pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma lucidum, and Hericium erinaceus, and then biochar was produced and used in the soil of sewage irrigation area.【Result】The forms of Cu in the soil at different growth stages and with the application of fungus chaff under different treatmentsare basically presented in the Fe-Mn oxide-bound, organic-bound and in residual. During the whole growth period of the plant, the amounts of Cu in Ex-, C-, O-, and residual were all higher than CK, while that in Fe-Mn oxide-bound was lower than CK. As plants grow, the exchangeable Cu in the soil decreases, while that in the carbonate-bound, organic-bound, and residual bound increases. The content of heavy metal Cuin plants mainly existed in the root. After the application of fungus chaffunder different treatments, the content of Cu in the root and fruit part significantly decreased compared with the non-application.Among that, the content of Cu in the fruit part reached the lowest by using the dried ganoderma lucidum fungus chaff, decreasing by 20.44%. And the lowest content of Cu in the root was realized by fungus chaff biochar of the Hericium erinaceus, decreasing by 35.4%. The content of Cu both stems and leaves were increased.【Conclusion】The application of fungus chaff could make the form of the heavy metal Cu in the soil fixed on the residual bound and organic bound, so as to reduce the absorption of Cu by maize.
引文
[1]王永军,田秀娥,李浩波.菌糠的营养价值与开发利用[J].中国饲料, 2001(12):30-31.
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[7]展漫军,张磊,李婧,等.秸秆和菇渣应用于生物堆修复有机污染土壤的现场试验研究[J].江苏农业科学, 2015, 43(3):300-304.
[8]易志龙,李青峰,武小芬,等. 5种蔬菜和基质对土壤重金属吸收量及土壤钝化的影响[J].湖南农业科学, 2014(20):24-27.
[9]刘艳.生物堆肥式修复有机污染土壤效果研究[D].南京:南京林业大学, 2013:220-225.
[10]廖汝玉,徐庆贤,林斌,等.沼渣,食用菌菌渣对香蕉生长和结果的影响[J].福建农业学报, 2009, 24(4):33-337.
[11] MADRID F, LóPEZ R, CABRERA F. Metal accumulation in soil after application of municipal solid waste compost under intensive farming conditions[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment, 2007, 119(3/4):249-256.
[12]钟晓兰,周生路,黄明丽,等.土壤重金属的形态分布特征及其影响因素[J].生态环境学报, 2009, 18(4):1 266-1 273.
[2]吴大付,任秀娟,焦瑞峰,等.污染土壤的植物修复[J].河南科技学院学报(自然科学版), 2015, 43(2):1-6.
[3] EAPEN S, DSOUZA S F. Prospects of genetic engineering of plants for phytoremediation of toxic metals[J]. Biotechnology Advances, 2005, 23(2):97-114.
[4]宋想斌,李贵祥,方向京,等.重金属胁迫下施肥影响作物富集重金属的研究进展[J].作物杂志, 2015(2):12-17.
[5]徐廷生,雷雪芹,赵顺才,等.菌糠饲料在奶牛生产中的应用效果[J].中国饲料, 2001(1):35-36.
[6]陈君琛,沈恒胜,汤葆莎,等.食用菌菌糠再利用技术研究[J].中国农学通报, 2006(11):410-412.
[7]展漫军,张磊,李婧,等.秸秆和菇渣应用于生物堆修复有机污染土壤的现场试验研究[J].江苏农业科学, 2015, 43(3):300-304.
[8]易志龙,李青峰,武小芬,等. 5种蔬菜和基质对土壤重金属吸收量及土壤钝化的影响[J].湖南农业科学, 2014(20):24-27.
[9]刘艳.生物堆肥式修复有机污染土壤效果研究[D].南京:南京林业大学, 2013:220-225.
[10]廖汝玉,徐庆贤,林斌,等.沼渣,食用菌菌渣对香蕉生长和结果的影响[J].福建农业学报, 2009, 24(4):33-337.
[11] MADRID F, LóPEZ R, CABRERA F. Metal accumulation in soil after application of municipal solid waste compost under intensive farming conditions[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment, 2007, 119(3/4):249-256.
[12]钟晓兰,周生路,黄明丽,等.土壤重金属的形态分布特征及其影响因素[J].生态环境学报, 2009, 18(4):1 266-1 273.