洞庭湖底泥沉积物重金属分布与生态风险评价
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摘要
为了解洞庭湖底泥沉积物中重金属的分布特点,以及污染状况和生态风险,以洞庭湖3个湖区21个断面采样点的沉积物为研究对象,分析Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As 7种重金属的含量及分布特点,并采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对污染状况进行评价.结果表明,7种重金属的平均含量均超出洞庭湖水系背景值.地累积指数Igeo值呈现Cd>Cr>Pb>Cu>As>Zn>Hg的规律.综合地累积指数显示樟树港重金属污染为严重污染.全湖沉积物重金属单因子风险值(Eri)均值呈现Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn的变化特征.全湖总体生态风险属于重度污染.其中蒋家嘴,虞公庙,樟树港,坡头潜在生态风险指数范围都超过了600,属于严重生态风险水平.两种分析方法中樟树港都属于严重污染,需及时防控和治理.
In order to explore the concentrations, distribution characteristics, and ecological risk of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Dongting Lake, the concentrations of seven heavy metals including Cu, Zn, Pb,Cd, Cr, Hg and As from the surface sediments of 21 sample sites of Dongting Lake was collected and determined.The index of geo-accumulation and potential ecological risk were applied to evaluate the heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risk. The results indicated that the concentrations of the 7 heavy metals in the surface sediments exceeded the standard background values in the sediment of Dongting Lake as follow:Cr>Zn>Pb>Cu>As>Cd>Hg. The value of index of geo-accumulation(Igeo) of heavy metals in the surface sediments followed the order of Cd>Cr>Pb>Cu>As>Zn>Hg, and the value of potential ecological risk followed the order of Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn. The comprehensive index of geo-accumulation(Itot) showed serious pollution of heavy metals in the sediments of Zhangshugang site. The potential ecological risk of the whole Dongting Lake was determined as heavy pollution. The potential ecological risk(RI) of the Jiang jiazui, Yugongmiao,Zhangshugang and Potou was higher than 600, which led to serious ecological risk. Zhangshugang site was determined as heavily polluted by two analysis methods, which need to be controlled and remedied soon.
In order to explore the concentrations, distribution characteristics, and ecological risk of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Dongting Lake, the concentrations of seven heavy metals including Cu, Zn, Pb,Cd, Cr, Hg and As from the surface sediments of 21 sample sites of Dongting Lake was collected and determined.The index of geo-accumulation and potential ecological risk were applied to evaluate the heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risk. The results indicated that the concentrations of the 7 heavy metals in the surface sediments exceeded the standard background values in the sediment of Dongting Lake as follow:Cr>Zn>Pb>Cu>As>Cd>Hg. The value of index of geo-accumulation(Igeo) of heavy metals in the surface sediments followed the order of Cd>Cr>Pb>Cu>As>Zn>Hg, and the value of potential ecological risk followed the order of Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn. The comprehensive index of geo-accumulation(Itot) showed serious pollution of heavy metals in the sediments of Zhangshugang site. The potential ecological risk of the whole Dongting Lake was determined as heavy pollution. The potential ecological risk(RI) of the Jiang jiazui, Yugongmiao,Zhangshugang and Potou was higher than 600, which led to serious ecological risk. Zhangshugang site was determined as heavily polluted by two analysis methods, which need to be controlled and remedied soon.
引文
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[13]Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollutioncontrol:a sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1 001.DOI:10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8.
[14]魏本杰,文新宇,朱生翠,等.湘江流域某冶炼厂周边土壤重金属含量检测及污染评价[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2013,44(12):5 180-5 187.Wei B J,Wen X Y,Zhu S C,et al.Detection and evaluation of soil contamination by heavy metals around one of smelters beside Xiangjiang River[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2013,44(12):5 180-5 187.
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[16]曾祥英,王晨,于志强,等.湘江岳阳段沉积物重金属污染特征及其初步生态风险评估[J].地球化学,2012,41(1):63-69.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0379-1726.2012.01.007.Zeng W Y,Wang C,Yu Z Q,et al.The occurrence,distribution and preliminary risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments from Xiangjiang River(Yueyang Section)[J].Geochimica,2012,41(1):63-69.
[17]郭朝晖,肖细元,陈同斌,等.湘江中下游农田土壤和蔬菜的重金属污染[J].地理学报,2008(1):3-11.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-637X.2008.01.001.Guo Z H,Xiao X Y,Chen T B,et al.Heavy metal pollution of soils and vegetables from midstream and downstream of Xiangjiang River[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2008(1):3-11.
[18]田琪,张光贵,谢意南,等.洞庭湖主要入湖口表层沉积物重金属分布特征与生态风险评价[J].生态毒理学报,2017,12(2):191-200.DOI:10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20160516003.Tian Q,Zhang G G,Xie Y N,et al.Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments from main tributary entrances of Dongting Lake[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2017,12(2):191-200.
[19]方小红,彭渤,张坤,等.沅江入湖河床沉积物重金属污染演化地球化学分析[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(7):2 586-2 598.Fang X H,Peng B,Zhang K,et al.Geochemical study on evolution of heavy-metal contamination developed in bed sediments from the Yuanjiang River inlet to Dongting Lake,China[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2018,38(7):2 586-2 598.
[20]郭建平,吴甫成,熊建安.洞庭湖水体污染及防治对策研究[J].湖南文理学院学报:社会科学版,2007,32(1):91-94.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6154.2007.01.021.Guo J P,Wu P C,Xiong J A.On the water pollution and the preventing and controlling measures of Dongting Lake[J].Journal of Hunan University of Arts and Science:Social Science Edition,2007,32(1):91-94.
[21]张凤荣,储昭升,金相灿,等.洞庭湖平原中小型湖群沉积物铬污染特征与评价[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(12):1 420-1 425.Zhang F R,Chu Z S,Jing X C,et al.Characteristics and evaluation of chromium pollution in the sediments of mediumsmall size lake groups in Dongting Lake Plain[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2009,22(12):1 420-1 425.
[22]张明,杨忠芳,陈岳龙,等.湖南洞庭湖地区土壤中Hg的来源[J].地质通报,2007(11):1 463-1 469.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2007.11.011.Zhang M,Yang Z F,Chen Y L,et al.Sources of Hg in soils of the Dongting Lake area[J].Geological Bulietin of China,2007(11):1 463-1 469.
[23]莫昌琍,吴丰昌,符志友,等.湖南锡矿山锑矿区农用土壤锑、砷及汞的污染状况初探[J].矿物学报,2013,33(3):344-350.Mo C L,Wu F C,Fu Z Y,et al.Antimony,arsenic and mercury polluton in agricultural soil of antimony mine area in Xikuangshan,Hunan[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2013,33(3):344-350.
[24]许振成,杨晓云,温勇,等.北江中上游底泥重金属污染及其潜在生态危害评价[J].环境科学,2009,30(11):3 262-3 268.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0250-3301.2009.11.022.Xu Z C,Yang X Y,Wen Y,et al.Evaluation of the heavy metals contamination and its potential ecological risk of the sediments in Beijiang River’s upper and middle reaches[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(11):3 262-3 268.
[2]许友泽,刘锦军,成应向,等.湘江底泥重金属污染特征与生态风险评价[J].环境化学,2016,35(1):189-198.DOI:10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2016.01.2015072201.Xu Y Z,Liu J J,Cheng Y X,et al.Characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals contamination in sediments of the Xiangjiang River[J].Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(1):189-198.
[3]石雪芳,张海涛,张宇,等.洞庭湖表层沉积物中重金属污染评价与分析[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(12):267-277.Shi X F,Zhang H T,Zhang Y,et al.Analysis and pollution assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of Dongting Lake[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2017,40(12):267-277.
[4]李芬芳,符哲,李利强,等.洞庭湖表层沉积物重金属污染状况评估[J].环境化学,2017,36(11):2 462-2 471.DOI:10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2017041902.Li F F,Fu Z,Li L Q,et al.Assessment on heavy metal pollution in the surface sediments of Dongting Lake[J].Environmental Chemistry,2017,36(11):2 462-2 471.
[5]连花,郭晶,黄代中,等.洞庭湖表层沉积物重金属变化趋势及风险评估[J].环境科学研究,2019,32(1):126-134.Lian H,Guo J,Huang D Z,et al.Variation trend and risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of Dongting Lake[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2019,32(1):126-134.
[6]谢意南,欧阳美凤,黄代中,等.洞庭湖及其入湖口沉积物中重金属的污染特征、来源与生态风险[J].环境化学,2017,36(10):2 253-2 264.DOI:10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2017020303.Xie Y N,Ou Y M F,Huang D Z,et al.Pollution characteristics,sources and ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments from Dongting Lake and its lake inlets[J].Environmental Chemistry,2017,36(10):2 253-2 264.
[7]张光贵.洞庭湖表层沉积物中重金属污染特征、来源与生态风险[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(6):58-64.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6002.2015.06.013.Zhang F G.Pollution characteristics,sources and ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments from Dongting Lake[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2015,31(6):58-64.
[8]万群,李飞,祝慧娜,等.东洞庭湖沉积物中重金属的分布特征、污染评价与来源辨析[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(12):1 378-1 384.Wan Q,Li F,Zhu H N,et al.Distribution characteristics,pollution assessment and source identification of heavy metals in the sediment of East Dongting Lake[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2011,24(12):1 378-1 384.
[9]Rajeshkumar S,Liu Y,Zhagn X,et al.Studies on seasonal pollution of heavy metals in water,sediment,fish and oyster from the Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake in China[J].Chemosphere,2018,191(4):626-638.
[10]Zhang Y F,Han Y W,Yang J X,et al.Toxicities and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Taihu Lake,China,based on sediment quality guidelines[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2017,12:31-38.
[11]Muller G.Index of geo-accumulation in sediments of the Rhine River[J].Geo Journal,1979,7(4):62-68.
[12]李健,曾北危,姚岳云,等.洞庭湖水系水体环境背景值调查研究[J].环境科学,1986(4):62-68.Li J,Zeng B W,Yao Y Y,et al.Studies on environmental background levels in waters of Dongting Lake system[J].Environmental Science,1986(4):62-68.
[13]Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollutioncontrol:a sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1 001.DOI:10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8.
[14]魏本杰,文新宇,朱生翠,等.湘江流域某冶炼厂周边土壤重金属含量检测及污染评价[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2013,44(12):5 180-5 187.Wei B J,Wen X Y,Zhu S C,et al.Detection and evaluation of soil contamination by heavy metals around one of smelters beside Xiangjiang River[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2013,44(12):5 180-5 187.
[15]左晓娟,于勇,朱芳.旅游开发对湘江流域土壤重金属及水体状况的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(6):263-270.Zuo X J,Yu Y,Zhu F.Effect of tourism development on soil heavy metals and water quality of Xiangjiang River[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(6):263-270.
[16]曾祥英,王晨,于志强,等.湘江岳阳段沉积物重金属污染特征及其初步生态风险评估[J].地球化学,2012,41(1):63-69.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0379-1726.2012.01.007.Zeng W Y,Wang C,Yu Z Q,et al.The occurrence,distribution and preliminary risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments from Xiangjiang River(Yueyang Section)[J].Geochimica,2012,41(1):63-69.
[17]郭朝晖,肖细元,陈同斌,等.湘江中下游农田土壤和蔬菜的重金属污染[J].地理学报,2008(1):3-11.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-637X.2008.01.001.Guo Z H,Xiao X Y,Chen T B,et al.Heavy metal pollution of soils and vegetables from midstream and downstream of Xiangjiang River[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2008(1):3-11.
[18]田琪,张光贵,谢意南,等.洞庭湖主要入湖口表层沉积物重金属分布特征与生态风险评价[J].生态毒理学报,2017,12(2):191-200.DOI:10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20160516003.Tian Q,Zhang G G,Xie Y N,et al.Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments from main tributary entrances of Dongting Lake[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2017,12(2):191-200.
[19]方小红,彭渤,张坤,等.沅江入湖河床沉积物重金属污染演化地球化学分析[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(7):2 586-2 598.Fang X H,Peng B,Zhang K,et al.Geochemical study on evolution of heavy-metal contamination developed in bed sediments from the Yuanjiang River inlet to Dongting Lake,China[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2018,38(7):2 586-2 598.
[20]郭建平,吴甫成,熊建安.洞庭湖水体污染及防治对策研究[J].湖南文理学院学报:社会科学版,2007,32(1):91-94.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6154.2007.01.021.Guo J P,Wu P C,Xiong J A.On the water pollution and the preventing and controlling measures of Dongting Lake[J].Journal of Hunan University of Arts and Science:Social Science Edition,2007,32(1):91-94.
[21]张凤荣,储昭升,金相灿,等.洞庭湖平原中小型湖群沉积物铬污染特征与评价[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(12):1 420-1 425.Zhang F R,Chu Z S,Jing X C,et al.Characteristics and evaluation of chromium pollution in the sediments of mediumsmall size lake groups in Dongting Lake Plain[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2009,22(12):1 420-1 425.
[22]张明,杨忠芳,陈岳龙,等.湖南洞庭湖地区土壤中Hg的来源[J].地质通报,2007(11):1 463-1 469.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2007.11.011.Zhang M,Yang Z F,Chen Y L,et al.Sources of Hg in soils of the Dongting Lake area[J].Geological Bulietin of China,2007(11):1 463-1 469.
[23]莫昌琍,吴丰昌,符志友,等.湖南锡矿山锑矿区农用土壤锑、砷及汞的污染状况初探[J].矿物学报,2013,33(3):344-350.Mo C L,Wu F C,Fu Z Y,et al.Antimony,arsenic and mercury polluton in agricultural soil of antimony mine area in Xikuangshan,Hunan[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2013,33(3):344-350.
[24]许振成,杨晓云,温勇,等.北江中上游底泥重金属污染及其潜在生态危害评价[J].环境科学,2009,30(11):3 262-3 268.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0250-3301.2009.11.022.Xu Z C,Yang X Y,Wen Y,et al.Evaluation of the heavy metals contamination and its potential ecological risk of the sediments in Beijiang River’s upper and middle reaches[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(11):3 262-3 268.