四川凉山彝族的人体测量学
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摘要
本文调查了402例(男197例,女205例)彝族成人的68项体质指标,计算了20项体质指数,对凉山彝族体质进行了初步分析。结果表明:1)四川凉山彝族头面部主要特征为圆头型、中鼻型、狭面型。体部特征为中躯干型、中骨盆型,彝族男性为亚中等型身材,女性为中等型身材;2)四川彝族与广西、云南彝族比较,头宽、额最小宽、形态面高值最大;头长值小;口裂宽、鼻宽居中;面宽值接近,鼻型均为中鼻型。四川彝族男性身高与云南彝族接近,明显高于广西彝族(p<0.01),四川彝族女性身材明显高于云南彝族和广西彝族(p<0.01);3)四川凉山彝族体质特征与阿昌族、怒族、仡佬族等南方少数民族较接近,与四川汉族最接近。
We investigated 87 physical characteristics and calculated 20 physical indices of 402 adults(197 males and 205 females) of the Liangshan Yi nationality in Sichuan Province. The results showed the following details. The main features of head-face characteristics of the Liangshan Yi nationality were brachycephaly, mesorrhiny and leptoprosopy. Body traits indicated a medium trunk type and medium pelvic type. Heights of Yi men were sub-medium in contrast to women who were in the middle range. A comparison of the Yi nationality in Sichuan to those found in Yunnan and Guangxi provinces showed values of head breadth, minimum frontal breadth, and morphological face length were the highest. In this comparison, values of head length, mouth breadth and nasal breadth values were in the medium range, and face breadth values are similar among the three groups. Nasal types were all mesorrhiny. The height of Yi males in Sichuan was similar to Yi males in Yunnan but higher than Yi males in Guangxi(P<0.01). The height of Yi females in Sichuan was significantly higher than Yi females in Yunnan and Guangxi(P<0.01). In conclusion, the physical characteristics of the Liangshan Yi nationality in Sichuan were similar to the Sichuan Han nationality, Achang, Gelao and other southern groups of China.
We investigated 87 physical characteristics and calculated 20 physical indices of 402 adults(197 males and 205 females) of the Liangshan Yi nationality in Sichuan Province. The results showed the following details. The main features of head-face characteristics of the Liangshan Yi nationality were brachycephaly, mesorrhiny and leptoprosopy. Body traits indicated a medium trunk type and medium pelvic type. Heights of Yi men were sub-medium in contrast to women who were in the middle range. A comparison of the Yi nationality in Sichuan to those found in Yunnan and Guangxi provinces showed values of head breadth, minimum frontal breadth, and morphological face length were the highest. In this comparison, values of head length, mouth breadth and nasal breadth values were in the medium range, and face breadth values are similar among the three groups. Nasal types were all mesorrhiny. The height of Yi males in Sichuan was similar to Yi males in Yunnan but higher than Yi males in Guangxi(P<0.01). The height of Yi females in Sichuan was significantly higher than Yi females in Yunnan and Guangxi(P<0.01). In conclusion, the physical characteristics of the Liangshan Yi nationality in Sichuan were similar to the Sichuan Han nationality, Achang, Gelao and other southern groups of China.
引文
[1]张颖惠.西南彝族地区公共图书馆特色文献建设研究[J].西南民族大学学报:人文科学学报,2010,8:272-276
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[7]邵象清.人体测量手册[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,1985,208-297
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[9]陆舜华,郑连斌,索利娅,等.俄罗斯族体质特征分析[J].人类学学报,2005,24(4):291-300
[10]崔静,邵兴周,王静兰,等.新疆哈萨克族体质特征调查[J].人类学学报,1991,10(4):303-313
[11]艾琼华,肖辉,赵建新,等.维吾尔族的体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,1993,12(4):357-365
[12]郑连斌,崔静,陆舜华,等.乌孜别克族体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,2004,23(1):35-45
[13]郗瑞生,戴玉景,薄岭.青海撒拉族体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,1995,14(1):32-39
[14]郑连斌,朱钦,王巧玲,等.宁夏回族体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,1997,16(1):11-21
[15]郑连斌,陆舜华,于会新,等.佤族的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2007,26(3):249-258
[16]李明,王晓婧,孙俊,等.云南14个少数民族的体质特征[J].解剖学杂志,2005,28(5):596-598
[17]李明,李跃敏,余发昌,等.云南拉祜族的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2001,20(1):39-44
[18]李明,李跃敏,陈宏忠,等.云南阿昌族的体质特征[J].人类学学报,1992,11(1):20-26
[19]郑连斌,张淑丽,陆舜华,等.布依族体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,2005,24(2):137-144
[20]梁明康,李培春,吴荣敏,等.贵州仡佬族体质特征[J].人类学学报,1994,13(1):64-71
[21]李培春,梁明康,吴荣敏,等.水族的体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,1994,13(1):56-63
[22]郑连斌,武亚文,张兴华,等.四川汉族体质特征[J].解剖学报,2011,42(5):695-702
[23]郑连斌,陆舜华,罗东梅,等.怒族的体质调查[J].人类学学报,2008,27(2):158-166
[24]郑连斌,陆舜华,许渤松,等.中国独龙族与莽人的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2008,27(4):350-358
[25]施全德,胡俊清,赵贵新,等.赫哲族体质特征[J].人类学学报,1987,6(4):336-342
[26]张兴华,郑连斌,宇克莉,等.安徽滁州汉族体质特征[J].解剖学杂志,2013,36(1):95-101
[27]宇克莉,郑连斌,赵大鹏,等.汉族江淮方言族群的体质特征研究[J].解剖学报,2013,44(1):124-132
[28]张兴华,郑连斌,宇克莉,等.山东寿光汉族体质特征[J].人类学学报,2011,30(2):206-217
[29]郑连斌,宋瓘兰,包金平,等.海南文昌汉族体质特征[J].人类学学报,2012,31(3):279-288
[30]郑连斌,陆舜华,包金平,等.江西客家人体质特征[J].解剖学报,2012,43(5):703-711
[31]黎彦才,胡兴宇,汪澜.中国33个少数民族(部族)体质特征的比较研究[J].人类学学报,1993,12(1):49-54
[32]胡兴宇,蓝顺清.从四川汉族肘浅静脉看“藏彝走廊”[J].四川解剖学杂志,2000,8(1):16-19
[33]张朴,李豫浔.从“民族内婚”到“族际通婚”的突破[J].贵州民族研究,2007,27(6):94-98
[2]袁清云.关于彝族哲学思想的研究——以《训书》为例[D].浙江:浙江大学,2011,43
[3]庞祖荫,李培春,梁明康,等.广西德峨苗族、彝族体质调查[J].人类学学报,1987,6(4):324-335
[4]杜若甫.中国人群体遗传学[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2004,495-651
[5]杜靖.中国体质人类学史研究[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2013,43-44
[6]席焕久,陈昭.人体测量方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010,145-200
[7]邵象清.人体测量手册[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,1985,208-297
[8]朱钦,富杰,刘文忠,等.达斡尔族成人的体格、体型及半个多世纪以来的变化[J].人类学学报,1996,15(2):120-126
[9]陆舜华,郑连斌,索利娅,等.俄罗斯族体质特征分析[J].人类学学报,2005,24(4):291-300
[10]崔静,邵兴周,王静兰,等.新疆哈萨克族体质特征调查[J].人类学学报,1991,10(4):303-313
[11]艾琼华,肖辉,赵建新,等.维吾尔族的体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,1993,12(4):357-365
[12]郑连斌,崔静,陆舜华,等.乌孜别克族体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,2004,23(1):35-45
[13]郗瑞生,戴玉景,薄岭.青海撒拉族体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,1995,14(1):32-39
[14]郑连斌,朱钦,王巧玲,等.宁夏回族体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,1997,16(1):11-21
[15]郑连斌,陆舜华,于会新,等.佤族的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2007,26(3):249-258
[16]李明,王晓婧,孙俊,等.云南14个少数民族的体质特征[J].解剖学杂志,2005,28(5):596-598
[17]李明,李跃敏,余发昌,等.云南拉祜族的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2001,20(1):39-44
[18]李明,李跃敏,陈宏忠,等.云南阿昌族的体质特征[J].人类学学报,1992,11(1):20-26
[19]郑连斌,张淑丽,陆舜华,等.布依族体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,2005,24(2):137-144
[20]梁明康,李培春,吴荣敏,等.贵州仡佬族体质特征[J].人类学学报,1994,13(1):64-71
[21]李培春,梁明康,吴荣敏,等.水族的体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,1994,13(1):56-63
[22]郑连斌,武亚文,张兴华,等.四川汉族体质特征[J].解剖学报,2011,42(5):695-702
[23]郑连斌,陆舜华,罗东梅,等.怒族的体质调查[J].人类学学报,2008,27(2):158-166
[24]郑连斌,陆舜华,许渤松,等.中国独龙族与莽人的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2008,27(4):350-358
[25]施全德,胡俊清,赵贵新,等.赫哲族体质特征[J].人类学学报,1987,6(4):336-342
[26]张兴华,郑连斌,宇克莉,等.安徽滁州汉族体质特征[J].解剖学杂志,2013,36(1):95-101
[27]宇克莉,郑连斌,赵大鹏,等.汉族江淮方言族群的体质特征研究[J].解剖学报,2013,44(1):124-132
[28]张兴华,郑连斌,宇克莉,等.山东寿光汉族体质特征[J].人类学学报,2011,30(2):206-217
[29]郑连斌,宋瓘兰,包金平,等.海南文昌汉族体质特征[J].人类学学报,2012,31(3):279-288
[30]郑连斌,陆舜华,包金平,等.江西客家人体质特征[J].解剖学报,2012,43(5):703-711
[31]黎彦才,胡兴宇,汪澜.中国33个少数民族(部族)体质特征的比较研究[J].人类学学报,1993,12(1):49-54
[32]胡兴宇,蓝顺清.从四川汉族肘浅静脉看“藏彝走廊”[J].四川解剖学杂志,2000,8(1):16-19
[33]张朴,李豫浔.从“民族内婚”到“族际通婚”的突破[J].贵州民族研究,2007,27(6):94-98