屯堡人与其他族群体质特征的主成分分析
|
摘要
在贵州省安顺市调查了507例成年屯堡人(男251例,女256例)的13项体质指标,并与我国10个北亚类型族群、9个南亚类型族群及8个汉族族群的体质特征进行比较,采用主成分分析法对屯堡人的体质特征进行讨论.结果显示,男性群体中,屯堡人与僜人和布依族的体质特征最为接近,这3个族群的PCⅠ值和PCⅡ值均较小,表现为身材矮小,头面部狭窄,鼻部和口部较窄,鼻高值小;女性群体中,屯堡人也与僜人和布依族的体质特征最接近,但其PCⅠ值与一部分中国南亚类型族群(克木人、仡佬族、水族等)较为接近,PCⅡ值与北亚类型族群及江苏汉族、安徽汉族接近.总的来看,一方面,屯堡人的头面部特征相对稳定,较多地保留了北亚类型族群和汉族的特征;另一方面,受南方族群基因交流和生存环境的影响,屯堡人身材矮小而且头面部变窄,较多地体现了南亚类型族群的特征.
Thirteen physical indicators of 507 Tunpu adults(251 males,256 females) were investigated in Anshun in Guizhou Province,then compared with those of 27 ethnic groups in China,including ten north Asian ethnic groups,nine south Asian ethnic groups and eight Han groups. The physical characteristics of Tunpu were discussed by principal compo-nent analysis method. The results showed that the male of Tunpu had close relationships with Deng and Bouyi people,whose PCⅠand PCⅡ values were all smaller,i. e. they had short stature,narrow head-facial,narrow nose and small nose height. In female,Tunpu had close relationships with Deng and Bouyi people too. Furthermore,the PCⅠ value of female was similar with some south Asian ethnic groups(Khmu,Mulam,Shui)and the PCⅡ value was similar with some north Asian ethnic groups and Han in Jiangsu and Anhui. Overall,on the one hand,the head-facial features of Tunpu were rela-tively stable and remained more features of north Asian ethnic groups and Han groups;on the other hand,Tunpu had some features of south Asian ethnic groups,such as short stature,narrow head-facial characteristics,which maybe was ascribed to gene exchange with south Asian groups and living environments.
Thirteen physical indicators of 507 Tunpu adults(251 males,256 females) were investigated in Anshun in Guizhou Province,then compared with those of 27 ethnic groups in China,including ten north Asian ethnic groups,nine south Asian ethnic groups and eight Han groups. The physical characteristics of Tunpu were discussed by principal compo-nent analysis method. The results showed that the male of Tunpu had close relationships with Deng and Bouyi people,whose PCⅠand PCⅡ values were all smaller,i. e. they had short stature,narrow head-facial,narrow nose and small nose height. In female,Tunpu had close relationships with Deng and Bouyi people too. Furthermore,the PCⅠ value of female was similar with some south Asian ethnic groups(Khmu,Mulam,Shui)and the PCⅡ value was similar with some north Asian ethnic groups and Han in Jiangsu and Anhui. Overall,on the one hand,the head-facial features of Tunpu were rela-tively stable and remained more features of north Asian ethnic groups and Han groups;on the other hand,Tunpu had some features of south Asian ethnic groups,such as short stature,narrow head-facial characteristics,which maybe was ascribed to gene exchange with south Asian groups and living environments.
引文
[1]徐杰舜.雪球-汉民族的人类学分析[M].上海:上海人民出版社,19998.XU J S.Snowball-Anthropologica Analyse of Han[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Peopie′s Publishing House,1999(in Chinese).
[2]卢百可.屯堡人:起源、记忆、生存在中国的边疆[D].北京:中央民族大学,2010.LU B K.Tunbu:Origin,Memory,Survival in Chinese Frontier Region[D].Beijing:Minzu University of China,2010(in Chinese).
[3]蒋立松.略论贵州屯堡人的族群认同基础及其表达途径[J].西南民族大学学报:人文社科版,2007,28(8):25-29.JIANG L S.Ethnic identity in Tunpu group:it′s infrastructure and expression[J].Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities,2007,28(8):25-29(in Chinese).
[4]张原.礼仪与民俗:从屯堡人的礼俗活动看日常生活的神圣化[J].云南民族大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2012,29(4):5-12.ZHANG Y.Rituals and folk customs:sacredness of the Tunbao people′s daily life related to their rituals and customs[J].Journal of Yunnan Nationalities University:Social Sciences Edition,2012,29(4):5-12(in Chinese).
[5]吴晓萍,王锴.从居住格局看黔中屯堡人与当地少数民族的关系[J].贵州民族学院学报:哲学社会科学版,2010(5):51-55.WU X P,WANG K.On the relations between the Tunpu people in central Guizhou and the local minority people based on the residence patterns[J].Journal of Guizhou Minzu University:Philosophy and Social Sciences,2010(5):51-55(in Chinese).
[6]吴伟军.从屯堡方言看屯堡人的族群来源及内部分化[J].贵州民族研究,2014,35(3):101-105.WU W J.From Tunpu dialect to see ethnic origin and internal differentiation of Tunpu people[J].Guizhou Ethnic Studies,2014,35(3):101-105(in Chinese).
[7]郑连斌,李咏兰,宇克莉,等.贵州屯堡人皮褶厚度的研究[J].南京医科大学学报:自然科学版,2013,33(7):970-974.ZHENG L B,LI Y L,YU K L,et al.Study of skinfold thickness of Tunbu in Guizhou[J].Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Nanjing:Natural Science,2013,33(7):970-974(in Chinese).
[8]宇克莉,郑连斌,包金萍,等.屯堡人的体质特征[J].解剖学报,2013,44(6):835-842.YU K L,ZHENG L B,BAO J P,et al.Physical characteristics of Tunbu[J].Acta Anatomica Sinica,2013,44(6):835-842(in Chinese).
[9]包金萍,郑连斌,宇克莉,等.屯堡人7项不对称行为特征[J].人类学学报,2015,34(4):1-9.BAO J P,ZHENG L B,YU K L,et al.A study on the 7 behavioral traits of lateral functional dominance in Tunpu[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2015,34(4):1-9(in Chinese).
[10]齐晓琳,宇克莉,郑连斌,等.屯堡人5项舌运动类型的人类学研究[J].安徽师范大学学报:自然科学版,2013,36(4):361-366.QI X L,YU K L,ZHENG L B,et al.Anthropologic studies of 5 tongue moving types of Tunbu[J].Journal of Anhui Normal University:Natural Science,2013,36(4):361-366(in Chinese).
[11]席焕久,陈昭.人体测量方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.XI H J,CHEN Z.Anthropometric Methods[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010(in Chinese).
[12]邵象清.人体测量手册[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,1985SHAO X Q.Anthropomorphic Handbook[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House,1985(in Chinese).
[13]陆舜华,郑连斌,索利娅,等.俄罗斯族体质特征分析[J].人类学学报,2005,24(4):291-300.LU S H,ZHENG L B,SUO L Y,et al.A study on the physical characteristic of Russ nationality[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2005,24(4):291-300(in Chinese).
[14]郑连斌,崔静,陆舜华,等.乌孜别克族体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,2004,23(1):35-45.ZHENG L B,CUI J,LU S H,et al.A study on the physical characteristics of Uzbek nationality[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2004,23(1):35-45(in Chinese).
[15]郑连斌,陆舜华,于会新,等.中国僜人体质特征[J].人类学学报,2009,28(2):162-171.ZHENG L B,LU S H,YU H X,et al.A study of the physical characteristics of the Deng in China[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2009,28(2):162-171(in Chinese).
[16]郑连斌,陆舜华,许渤松,等.中国独龙族与莽人的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2008,27(4):350-358.ZHENG L B,LU S H,XU B S,et al.A study of the physical characteristics of the Derung and Mang peoples in China[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2008,27(4):350-358(in Chinese).
[17]戴玉景.青海土族体质人类学研究[J].人类学学报,1997,16(4):274-284.DAI Y J.Anthropometric study of Tu nationality in Qinghai[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,1997,16(4):274-284(in Chinese).
[18]李咏兰,郑连斌,陆舜华,等.中国布里亚特人的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2011,30(4):357-367.LI Y L,ZHENG L B,LU S H,et al.Physical characteristics of the Buriats in China[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2011,30(4):357-367(in Chinese).
[19]郑连斌,陆舜华,陈媛媛,等.中国克木人的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2007,26(1):45-53.ZHENG L B,LU S H,CHEN Y Y,et al.A study on the physical characteristics of Khmu[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2007,26(1):45-53(in Chinese).
[20]李明,李跃敏,余发昌,等.云南拉祜族的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2001,20(1):39-44.LI M,LI Y M,YU F C,et al.Physical characters of Lahu nationality in Yunnan[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2001,20(1):39-44(in Chinese).
[21]郑连斌,陆舜华,于会新,等.佤族的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2007,26(3):249-258.ZHENG L B,LU S H,YU H X,et al.A study on the physical characteristic of Wa nationality[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2007,26(3):249-258(in Chinese).
[22]郑连斌,张淑丽,陆舜华,等.布依族体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,2005,24(2):137-144.ZHENG L B,ZHANG S L,LU S H,et al.A study on the physical characteristics of Bouyei nationality[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2005,24(2):137-144(in Chinese)..
[23]庞祖荫,李培春,梁明康,等.广西三江侗族自治县侗族体质调查[J].人类学学报,1989,8(3):248-254.PANG Z Y,LI P C,LIANG M K,et al.Physical anthropology on Dong nationality in Sanjiang Autonomous County,Guangxi[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,1989,8(3):248-254(in Chinese).
[24]郑连斌,陆舜华,罗东梅,等.怒族的体质调查[J].人类学学报,2008,27(2):158-166.ZHENG L B,LU S H,LUO D M,et al.A study of the physical characteristics of the Nu nationality in Yunnan Province[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2008,27(2):158-166(in Chinese)..
[25]张兴华,郑连斌,宇克莉,等.山东寿光汉族体质特征[J].人类学学报,2011,30(2):206-217.ZHANG X H,ZHENG L B,YU K L,et al.A study on physical characteristics of the Han people from Shouguang in Shandong[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2011,30(2):206-217(in Chinese).
[26]郑连斌,宋瓘兰,包金萍,等.海南文昌汉族体质特征[J].人类学学报,2012,31(3):279-288.ZHENG L B,SONG G L,BAO J P,et al.A study of the physical characteristic of the Han People of Hainan[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2012,31(3):279-288(in Chinese).
[27]李咏兰,陆舜华,郑连斌,等.汉族湘语族群体质特征[J].解剖学报,2012,43(5):694-702.LI Y L,LU S H,ZHENG L B,et al.Physical characteristics of Xiang languages group[J].Acta Anatomica Sinica,2012,43(5):694-702(in Chinese).
[28]郑连斌,陆舜华,包金萍,等.江西客家人体质特征[J].解剖学报,2012,43(5):703-711.ZHENG L B,LU S H,BAO J P,et al.A study on the physical characteristics of Hakka in Jiangxi[J].Acta Anatomica Sinica,2012,43(5):703-711(in Chinese).
[29]郑连斌,武亚文,张兴华,等.四川汉族体质特征[J].解剖学报,2011,42(5):695-702.ZHENG L B,WU Y W,ZHANG X H,et al.A study on the physical characteristics of Han in Sichuan[J].Acta Anatomica Sinica,2012,42(5):695-702(in Chinese).
[30]李玉玲,陆舜华,贾淑媛,等.内蒙古兴安盟汉族体质调查[J].人类学学报,2012,31(1):71-81.LI Y L,LU S H,JIA S Y,et al.Investigation of the physical characteristics of the Han people from the Xing′an League in Inner Mongolia[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2012,31(1):71-81(in Chinese).
[31]宇克莉,郑连斌,赵大鹏,等.汉族江淮方言族群的体质特征研究[J].解剖学报,2013,44(1):124-132.YU K L,ZHENG L B,ZHAO D P,et al.A study on physical characteristics of the Han ethnic groups of Jianghuai dialect[J].Acta Anatomica Sinica,2013,44(1):124-132(in Chinese).
[32]张兴华,郑连斌,宇克莉,等.安徽滁州汉族体质特征[J].解剖学杂志,2013,36(1):95-101.ZHANG X H,ZHENG L B,YU K L,et al.Physical characteristics of Han nationality from Chuzhou in Anhui[J].Chinese Journal of Anatomy,2013,36(1):95-101(in Chinese).
[2]卢百可.屯堡人:起源、记忆、生存在中国的边疆[D].北京:中央民族大学,2010.LU B K.Tunbu:Origin,Memory,Survival in Chinese Frontier Region[D].Beijing:Minzu University of China,2010(in Chinese).
[3]蒋立松.略论贵州屯堡人的族群认同基础及其表达途径[J].西南民族大学学报:人文社科版,2007,28(8):25-29.JIANG L S.Ethnic identity in Tunpu group:it′s infrastructure and expression[J].Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities,2007,28(8):25-29(in Chinese).
[4]张原.礼仪与民俗:从屯堡人的礼俗活动看日常生活的神圣化[J].云南民族大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2012,29(4):5-12.ZHANG Y.Rituals and folk customs:sacredness of the Tunbao people′s daily life related to their rituals and customs[J].Journal of Yunnan Nationalities University:Social Sciences Edition,2012,29(4):5-12(in Chinese).
[5]吴晓萍,王锴.从居住格局看黔中屯堡人与当地少数民族的关系[J].贵州民族学院学报:哲学社会科学版,2010(5):51-55.WU X P,WANG K.On the relations between the Tunpu people in central Guizhou and the local minority people based on the residence patterns[J].Journal of Guizhou Minzu University:Philosophy and Social Sciences,2010(5):51-55(in Chinese).
[6]吴伟军.从屯堡方言看屯堡人的族群来源及内部分化[J].贵州民族研究,2014,35(3):101-105.WU W J.From Tunpu dialect to see ethnic origin and internal differentiation of Tunpu people[J].Guizhou Ethnic Studies,2014,35(3):101-105(in Chinese).
[7]郑连斌,李咏兰,宇克莉,等.贵州屯堡人皮褶厚度的研究[J].南京医科大学学报:自然科学版,2013,33(7):970-974.ZHENG L B,LI Y L,YU K L,et al.Study of skinfold thickness of Tunbu in Guizhou[J].Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Nanjing:Natural Science,2013,33(7):970-974(in Chinese).
[8]宇克莉,郑连斌,包金萍,等.屯堡人的体质特征[J].解剖学报,2013,44(6):835-842.YU K L,ZHENG L B,BAO J P,et al.Physical characteristics of Tunbu[J].Acta Anatomica Sinica,2013,44(6):835-842(in Chinese).
[9]包金萍,郑连斌,宇克莉,等.屯堡人7项不对称行为特征[J].人类学学报,2015,34(4):1-9.BAO J P,ZHENG L B,YU K L,et al.A study on the 7 behavioral traits of lateral functional dominance in Tunpu[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2015,34(4):1-9(in Chinese).
[10]齐晓琳,宇克莉,郑连斌,等.屯堡人5项舌运动类型的人类学研究[J].安徽师范大学学报:自然科学版,2013,36(4):361-366.QI X L,YU K L,ZHENG L B,et al.Anthropologic studies of 5 tongue moving types of Tunbu[J].Journal of Anhui Normal University:Natural Science,2013,36(4):361-366(in Chinese).
[11]席焕久,陈昭.人体测量方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.XI H J,CHEN Z.Anthropometric Methods[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010(in Chinese).
[12]邵象清.人体测量手册[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,1985SHAO X Q.Anthropomorphic Handbook[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House,1985(in Chinese).
[13]陆舜华,郑连斌,索利娅,等.俄罗斯族体质特征分析[J].人类学学报,2005,24(4):291-300.LU S H,ZHENG L B,SUO L Y,et al.A study on the physical characteristic of Russ nationality[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2005,24(4):291-300(in Chinese).
[14]郑连斌,崔静,陆舜华,等.乌孜别克族体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,2004,23(1):35-45.ZHENG L B,CUI J,LU S H,et al.A study on the physical characteristics of Uzbek nationality[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2004,23(1):35-45(in Chinese).
[15]郑连斌,陆舜华,于会新,等.中国僜人体质特征[J].人类学学报,2009,28(2):162-171.ZHENG L B,LU S H,YU H X,et al.A study of the physical characteristics of the Deng in China[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2009,28(2):162-171(in Chinese).
[16]郑连斌,陆舜华,许渤松,等.中国独龙族与莽人的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2008,27(4):350-358.ZHENG L B,LU S H,XU B S,et al.A study of the physical characteristics of the Derung and Mang peoples in China[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2008,27(4):350-358(in Chinese).
[17]戴玉景.青海土族体质人类学研究[J].人类学学报,1997,16(4):274-284.DAI Y J.Anthropometric study of Tu nationality in Qinghai[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,1997,16(4):274-284(in Chinese).
[18]李咏兰,郑连斌,陆舜华,等.中国布里亚特人的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2011,30(4):357-367.LI Y L,ZHENG L B,LU S H,et al.Physical characteristics of the Buriats in China[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2011,30(4):357-367(in Chinese).
[19]郑连斌,陆舜华,陈媛媛,等.中国克木人的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2007,26(1):45-53.ZHENG L B,LU S H,CHEN Y Y,et al.A study on the physical characteristics of Khmu[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2007,26(1):45-53(in Chinese).
[20]李明,李跃敏,余发昌,等.云南拉祜族的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2001,20(1):39-44.LI M,LI Y M,YU F C,et al.Physical characters of Lahu nationality in Yunnan[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2001,20(1):39-44(in Chinese).
[21]郑连斌,陆舜华,于会新,等.佤族的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2007,26(3):249-258.ZHENG L B,LU S H,YU H X,et al.A study on the physical characteristic of Wa nationality[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2007,26(3):249-258(in Chinese).
[22]郑连斌,张淑丽,陆舜华,等.布依族体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,2005,24(2):137-144.ZHENG L B,ZHANG S L,LU S H,et al.A study on the physical characteristics of Bouyei nationality[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2005,24(2):137-144(in Chinese)..
[23]庞祖荫,李培春,梁明康,等.广西三江侗族自治县侗族体质调查[J].人类学学报,1989,8(3):248-254.PANG Z Y,LI P C,LIANG M K,et al.Physical anthropology on Dong nationality in Sanjiang Autonomous County,Guangxi[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,1989,8(3):248-254(in Chinese).
[24]郑连斌,陆舜华,罗东梅,等.怒族的体质调查[J].人类学学报,2008,27(2):158-166.ZHENG L B,LU S H,LUO D M,et al.A study of the physical characteristics of the Nu nationality in Yunnan Province[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2008,27(2):158-166(in Chinese)..
[25]张兴华,郑连斌,宇克莉,等.山东寿光汉族体质特征[J].人类学学报,2011,30(2):206-217.ZHANG X H,ZHENG L B,YU K L,et al.A study on physical characteristics of the Han people from Shouguang in Shandong[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2011,30(2):206-217(in Chinese).
[26]郑连斌,宋瓘兰,包金萍,等.海南文昌汉族体质特征[J].人类学学报,2012,31(3):279-288.ZHENG L B,SONG G L,BAO J P,et al.A study of the physical characteristic of the Han People of Hainan[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2012,31(3):279-288(in Chinese).
[27]李咏兰,陆舜华,郑连斌,等.汉族湘语族群体质特征[J].解剖学报,2012,43(5):694-702.LI Y L,LU S H,ZHENG L B,et al.Physical characteristics of Xiang languages group[J].Acta Anatomica Sinica,2012,43(5):694-702(in Chinese).
[28]郑连斌,陆舜华,包金萍,等.江西客家人体质特征[J].解剖学报,2012,43(5):703-711.ZHENG L B,LU S H,BAO J P,et al.A study on the physical characteristics of Hakka in Jiangxi[J].Acta Anatomica Sinica,2012,43(5):703-711(in Chinese).
[29]郑连斌,武亚文,张兴华,等.四川汉族体质特征[J].解剖学报,2011,42(5):695-702.ZHENG L B,WU Y W,ZHANG X H,et al.A study on the physical characteristics of Han in Sichuan[J].Acta Anatomica Sinica,2012,42(5):695-702(in Chinese).
[30]李玉玲,陆舜华,贾淑媛,等.内蒙古兴安盟汉族体质调查[J].人类学学报,2012,31(1):71-81.LI Y L,LU S H,JIA S Y,et al.Investigation of the physical characteristics of the Han people from the Xing′an League in Inner Mongolia[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2012,31(1):71-81(in Chinese).
[31]宇克莉,郑连斌,赵大鹏,等.汉族江淮方言族群的体质特征研究[J].解剖学报,2013,44(1):124-132.YU K L,ZHENG L B,ZHAO D P,et al.A study on physical characteristics of the Han ethnic groups of Jianghuai dialect[J].Acta Anatomica Sinica,2013,44(1):124-132(in Chinese).
[32]张兴华,郑连斌,宇克莉,等.安徽滁州汉族体质特征[J].解剖学杂志,2013,36(1):95-101.ZHANG X H,ZHENG L B,YU K L,et al.Physical characteristics of Han nationality from Chuzhou in Anhui[J].Chinese Journal of Anatomy,2013,36(1):95-101(in Chinese).