生物质固体成型燃料炉在北方农宅供暖系统改造中的应用与研究
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摘要
北方农村供暖存在建筑热工性能差、散煤燃烧污染严重两大问题。为解决热工性能差的问题,以某典型农户为例进行节能改造,将模拟数据与实测数据相结合,分析实际节能改造效果,结果表明:节能改造后该农户可降低60%的能耗,且增设50 mm的保温层改造性价比最高。为解决散煤燃烧污染严重的问题,分别以生物质固体成型燃料炉与传统小型燃煤锅炉为热源进行供暖运行对比。在热舒适性方面,二者对应的室内平均温度分别为17.39,14.52℃,均可满足设计参数14℃的要求,但室内PMV值分别维持在-0.08～0.24,-1.18～0.18范围内,前者热感觉适中,后者热感觉较凉;在经济性方面,前者较传统燃煤锅炉每年单位面积可节省7元/(m~2·a),费用年值降低465元/a;在环保性方面,前者排放值低于小型燃煤锅炉。
Rural heating system in North China has two problems of poor thermal performance of buildings and serious pollution of scattered coal. In order to solve the problem of poor thermal performance, takes a typical rural building as an example to carry out energy retrofitting. Combines the data simulated by EnergyPlus software with measured data, and analyses the feasibility of energy saving retrofitting and actual energy saving effect. Numerical simulation results show that 60% of the energy can be saved, and adding an insulation layer of 50 mm is a highest cost-effective method. In order to solve the problem of serious pollution of scattered coal, compares the heating effect of the biomass solid forming fuel furnace and traditional small-size coal-fired boiler as heat source. In the aspect of thermal comfort, the average temperature is 17.39 ℃ and 14.52 ℃, both meeting the design temperature of 14 ℃. However, indoor PMV values are maintained in the range of -0.08 to 0.24 and -1.18 to 0.18 respectively, the thermal sensation is moderate in the former, while more colder in the latter. In terms of economy, biomass solid forming fuel furnace saves 7 yuan/(m~2·a) compared with coal-fired boilers, approximately 465 yuan per year. For the environmental protection, the emission level of biomass boiler is lower than that of the small-size coal-fired boiler.
Rural heating system in North China has two problems of poor thermal performance of buildings and serious pollution of scattered coal. In order to solve the problem of poor thermal performance, takes a typical rural building as an example to carry out energy retrofitting. Combines the data simulated by EnergyPlus software with measured data, and analyses the feasibility of energy saving retrofitting and actual energy saving effect. Numerical simulation results show that 60% of the energy can be saved, and adding an insulation layer of 50 mm is a highest cost-effective method. In order to solve the problem of serious pollution of scattered coal, compares the heating effect of the biomass solid forming fuel furnace and traditional small-size coal-fired boiler as heat source. In the aspect of thermal comfort, the average temperature is 17.39 ℃ and 14.52 ℃, both meeting the design temperature of 14 ℃. However, indoor PMV values are maintained in the range of -0.08 to 0.24 and -1.18 to 0.18 respectively, the thermal sensation is moderate in the former, while more colder in the latter. In terms of economy, biomass solid forming fuel furnace saves 7 yuan/(m~2·a) compared with coal-fired boilers, approximately 465 yuan per year. For the environmental protection, the emission level of biomass boiler is lower than that of the small-size coal-fired boiler.
引文
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[27] 金国辉,张东杰,沈强,等. 内蒙古西部农牧区住宅过渡季室内热舒适现场研究[J]. 建筑科学, 2017, 33(6):41- 47
[28] FANGER P O, TOFTUM J. Extension of the PMV model to non-air-conditioned buildings in warm climates[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2002, 34(6):533- 536
[29] 朱颖心. 建筑环境学[M]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2016:109- 118
[30] 徐欣,朱能,田喆,等. 室内计算参数的确定与舒适和节能的关系[J]. 暖通空调,2012,42(7):22- 26
[31] 张治江,陶进,石久胜,等. 几种能源供暖方式的技术经济比较[J]. 暖通空调,2004,34(1):8- 10
[32] 梁俊宁,张振文,高晓庆,等. 煤质对锅炉大气污染物排放量的影响[J]. 煤炭转化,2015,38(1):91- 96
[33] 罗娟,侯书林,赵立欣,等. 典型生物质颗粒燃料燃烧特性试验[J]. 农业工程学报,2010,26(5):220- 226
[2] 卢玫珺,王桂秀,范伊. 寒冷地区既有农村住宅节能改造方案优化设计[J]. 新型建筑材料,2009,36(10):45- 47
[3] 中国建筑科学研究院,中国建筑设计研究院. 农村居住建筑节能设计标准:GB/T 50824—2013[S]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012:13- 15
[4] 支国瑞,杨俊超,张涛,等.我国北方农村生活燃煤情况调查、排放估算及政策启示[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(8):1179- 1185
[5] 清华大学建筑节能研究中心. 中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告2016[M]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016:144- 152
[6] 高磊,赵振宇,LOREN B,等. 北京市农村地区公共设施冬季供暖清洁替代方案研究[J]. 农村电气化,2016(7):19- 20
[7] 蒋建云,章永洁,叶建东,等. 北京农村地区燃煤供暖替代技术方案实效对比[J]. 暖通空调,2016,46(9):51- 55
[8] WANG W Y, WEI O, HAO F H. A supply-chain analysis framework for assessing densified biomass solid fuel utilization policies in China[J]. Energies, 2015, 8(7):7122- 7139
[9] BOLATTüRK A. Determination of optimum insulation thickness for building walls with respect to various fuels and climate zones in Turkey[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2006, 26(11/12):1301- 1309
[10] HABIB M A, HASANUZZAMAN M, HOSENUZZAMAN M, et al. Energy consumption, energy saving and emission reduction of a garment industrial building in Bangladesh[J]. Energy, 2016, 112:91- 100
[11] 李刚,冯国会,王丽,等. 严寒地区农村住宅节能改造能耗模拟[J]. 沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2012,28(5):884- 890
[12] 郑竺凌,李永红,杨旭东. 北京市农村住宅节能研究[J]. 建筑科学,2008,24(4):9- 14
[13] MA H L, NIU J H. Energy consumption and economic analysis to residential building meeting the criterion of 65% energy saving in Zhangjiakou[J]. Advanced Materials Research,2011,225/226:239- 242
[14] 胡万里,李长友. 小型民用秸秆气化炉的改进设计[J]. 节能, 2005(8):37- 38
[15] 王飞,蔡亚庆,仇焕广. 中国沼气发展的现状、驱动及制约因素分析[J]. 农业工程学报,2012,28(1):184- 189
[16] 樊瑛,龙惟定. 生物质热电联产发展现状[J]. 建筑科学,2009,25(12):1- 6
[17] ADAMS P W, HAMMOND G P, MCMANUS M C, et al. Barriers to and drivers for UK bioenergy development[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011, 15(2):1217- 1227
[18] CHEN L, XING L, HAN L. Renewable energy from agro-residues in China: solid biofuels and biomass briquetting technology[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2009, 13(9):2689- 2695
[19] 王泽龙,田宜水,赵立欣,等. 生物质能-太阳能互补供热系统优化设计[J]. 农业工程技术(新能源产业), 2012, 28(10):178- 184
[20] SHAN M, LI D K, JIANG Y, et al. Re-thinking China’s densified biomass fuel policies: large or small scale[J]. Energy Policy, 2016, 93:119- 126
[21] ZHANG P, YANG Y, TIAN Y, et al. Bioenergy industries development in China: dilemma and solution[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2009, 13(9):2571- 2579
[22] KAZMERSKI L. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 38(10):834- 847
[23] 潘毅群,吴刚,VOLKER H. 建筑全能耗分析软件EnergyPlus及其应用[J]. 暖通空调, 2004, 34(9):2- 7
[24] CRAWLEY D B, LAWRIE L K, WINKELMANN F C, et al. EnergyPlus: a new-generation building energy simulation program[C]// Forum 2001: Solar Energy: The Power to Choose, 2001:319- 331
[25] CRAWLEY D B, LAWRIE L K, WINKELMANN F C, et al. EnergyPlus: creating a new-generation building energy simulation program[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2001, 33(4):319- 331
[26] 刘晓男,孙建. EnergyPlus能耗分析软件在空调系统节能改造中的应用[J]. 施工技术, 2012(增刊1):398- 401
[27] 金国辉,张东杰,沈强,等. 内蒙古西部农牧区住宅过渡季室内热舒适现场研究[J]. 建筑科学, 2017, 33(6):41- 47
[28] FANGER P O, TOFTUM J. Extension of the PMV model to non-air-conditioned buildings in warm climates[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2002, 34(6):533- 536
[29] 朱颖心. 建筑环境学[M]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2016:109- 118
[30] 徐欣,朱能,田喆,等. 室内计算参数的确定与舒适和节能的关系[J]. 暖通空调,2012,42(7):22- 26
[31] 张治江,陶进,石久胜,等. 几种能源供暖方式的技术经济比较[J]. 暖通空调,2004,34(1):8- 10
[32] 梁俊宁,张振文,高晓庆,等. 煤质对锅炉大气污染物排放量的影响[J]. 煤炭转化,2015,38(1):91- 96
[33] 罗娟,侯书林,赵立欣,等. 典型生物质颗粒燃料燃烧特性试验[J]. 农业工程学报,2010,26(5):220- 226
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