夏冬季渤海、北黄海浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系
|
摘要
根据2015—2016年夏、冬两季渤海-北黄海2个航次21个站位浮游动物样品,分析了该海域种类组成、时空分布和物种多样性的变化。并结合现场环境参数,分析了环境因子与群落结构的相关性。结果显示,夏、冬两季共有浮游动物81种/类,其中夏季渤海57种、北黄海45种;冬季渤海30种、北黄海39种。夏冬两季在两个水域均出现的优势种为:中华哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤、强壮箭虫、桡足类无节幼虫和桡足幼体。渤海夏季平均湿重生物量、丰度和香农-威纳指数分别为858.01mg·m~(-3)、6 310.82ind·m~(-3)和2.994;冬季分别为237.89mg·m~(-3)、264.36ind·m~(-3)和2.591。北黄海夏季平均湿重生物量、丰度和香农-威纳指数分别为772.23mg·m~(-3)、4 343.44ind·m~(-3)和2.64;冬季分别为257.52mg·m~(-3)、1 024.56ind·m~(-3)和2.23。聚类分析结果得出,夏季分为3个群落,冬季分为2个群落。相关性分析表明,影响浮游动物分布的主要环境因子为盐度和浊度。
In order to study the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of zooplankton in the Bohai and the North Huanghai,the species composition,distribution and species diversity of zooplankton were analyzed by using zooplankton samples collected during summer and winter in 2015—2016.The relationship between environmental factors and biomass,abundance and Shannon-Wiener index was discussed.The results showed that 81 species of zooplankton were found in the two seasons,and the copepods were the dominant species,accounting for 35.8%of the total species.There were 69 species in the summer,including 57 species in the Bohai and 45 species in the North Huanghai.There were 50 species in the winter,including 30 species in the Bohai and 39 species in the North Huanghai.In summer and winter,the dominant species appeared in both waters were Calanus sinicus,Paracalanus parvus,Oithona similis,Sagitta crassa,Nauplius larva(Copepoda)and Copepoda larva,respectively.In summer,the average wet biomass,abundance and Shannon-Wiener index in the Bohai were 858.01 mg·m~(-3),6 310.82 ind·m~(-3) and3.00,respectively.And in winter were 237.89 mg·m~(-3),264.36 ind·m~(-3) and 2.60,respectively.In summer,the average biomass,abundance and Shannon-Weiner index in the North Huanghai were 772.23 mg·m~(-3),4 343.40 ind·m~(-3) and 2.64,respectively.In winter were 257.52 mg·m~(-3),1 024.56 ind·m~(-3) and 2.23,respectively.The correlation analysis showed that the distribution of zooplankton was mainly affected by temperature,salinity,chlorophyll a concentration and turbidity in summer,and in winter was by turbidity.The CLUSTER results showed that there were three communities in the summer,which were the Yellow River Estuary community,the Bohai community and the North Huanghai community.In winter it was divided into two communities,the Yellow River community and the Bohai-North Yellow Sea community.
In order to study the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of zooplankton in the Bohai and the North Huanghai,the species composition,distribution and species diversity of zooplankton were analyzed by using zooplankton samples collected during summer and winter in 2015—2016.The relationship between environmental factors and biomass,abundance and Shannon-Wiener index was discussed.The results showed that 81 species of zooplankton were found in the two seasons,and the copepods were the dominant species,accounting for 35.8%of the total species.There were 69 species in the summer,including 57 species in the Bohai and 45 species in the North Huanghai.There were 50 species in the winter,including 30 species in the Bohai and 39 species in the North Huanghai.In summer and winter,the dominant species appeared in both waters were Calanus sinicus,Paracalanus parvus,Oithona similis,Sagitta crassa,Nauplius larva(Copepoda)and Copepoda larva,respectively.In summer,the average wet biomass,abundance and Shannon-Wiener index in the Bohai were 858.01 mg·m~(-3),6 310.82 ind·m~(-3) and3.00,respectively.And in winter were 237.89 mg·m~(-3),264.36 ind·m~(-3) and 2.60,respectively.In summer,the average biomass,abundance and Shannon-Weiner index in the North Huanghai were 772.23 mg·m~(-3),4 343.40 ind·m~(-3) and 2.64,respectively.In winter were 257.52 mg·m~(-3),1 024.56 ind·m~(-3) and 2.23,respectively.The correlation analysis showed that the distribution of zooplankton was mainly affected by temperature,salinity,chlorophyll a concentration and turbidity in summer,and in winter was by turbidity.The CLUSTER results showed that there were three communities in the summer,which were the Yellow River Estuary community,the Bohai community and the North Huanghai community.In winter it was divided into two communities,the Yellow River community and the Bohai-North Yellow Sea community.
引文
[1]毕洪生,孙松,高尚武.渤海浮游动物群落生态特点Ⅰ.种类组成与群落结构[J].生态学报,2000,20(5):715-721.Bi H S,Sun S,Gao S W.Ecological characteristics of zooplankton community in Bohai Sea I.Species composition and community structure[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2000,20(5):715-721.
[2]邹艺伟,杨青,李全宝,等.北黄海浮游动物群落结构及年间比较[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(5):683-687.Zou Y W,Yang Q,Li Q B,et al.Community structure and variation of zooplankton in the Northern Yellow Sea[J].Marine Environmental Science,2013,32(5):683-687.
[3]徐兆礼.中国海洋浮游动物研究的新进展[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2006,45(2):16-23.Xu Z L.Advance and future of our study on marine zooplankton[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science Edition),2006,45(2):16-23.
[4]李浩然,刘光兴,马静,等.夏季莱州湾东部近岸水域浮游动物的生态特征[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(4):37-45.Li H R,Liu G X,Ma J,et al.Ecological characteristics of zooplankton in eastern near shore waters of Laizhou Bay in summer[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2017,47(4):37-45.
[5]董志军,杨青,孙婷婷,等.黄河口邻近海域浮游动物群落时空变化特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):659-667.Dong Z J,Yang Q,Yang T T,et al.Spatial and seasonal variability of the zooplankton community in the Yellow River Estuary’s adjacent sea[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(2):659-667.
[6]焦玉木,田家怡.黄河三角洲附近海域浮游动物多样性研究[J].海洋环境科学,1999,18(4):33-38.Jiao Y M,Tian J Y.Zooplankton diversity around the Huanghe River Delta[J].Marine Environmental Science,1999,18(4):33-38.
[7]田家怡,李洪彦.黄河口附近海域浮游动物的分布特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].海洋环境科学,1985,4(3):32-41.Tian J Y,Li H Y.Distribution characteristics of zooplankton and its relationship with environmental factors in the waters near the Yellow River[J].Marine Environmental Science,1985,4(3):32-41.
[8]马静,陈洪举,刘光兴.2007年夏季黄河口及其邻近水域浮游动物的群落特征[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2012,42(5):74-80.Ma J,Chen H J,Liu G X.Study on zooplankton community in the Yellow River Estuary and its adjacent waters in summer,2007[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2012,42(5):74-80.
[9]杨青,王真良,樊景凤,等.北黄海秋、冬季浮游动物多样性及年间变化[J].生态学报,2012,32(21):6747-6754.Yang Q,Wang Z L,Fan J F,et al.Zooplankton diversity and its variation in the Northern Yellow Sea in the autumn and winter of1959,1982and 2009[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(21):6747-6754.
[10]宋昌民.渤海和北黄海浮游桡足类摄食率的研究[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2015:13-21.Song C M.Study on the Feeding Rates of Planktonic Copepods Between the Bohai Sea and the Northern Yellow Sea[D].Dalian:Dalian Ocean University,2015:13-21.
[11] Clarke K,Warwick R.Change in marine communities:An approach to statistical analysis and interpretation[J].Mount Sinal Journal of Medicine New Yark,2014,40(5):689-692.
[12] Field J G,Clarke K R,Warwick R M.A practical strategy for analysing multispecies distribution patterns[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1982,8(2):37-52.
[13] Shannon C E,Weaner W.The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M].Urbana IL:The University of Illinois Press,1949:125.
[14]毕洪生,孙松,高尚武,等.渤海浮游动物群落生态特点Ⅱ.桡足类数量分布及变动[J].生态学报,2001,21(2):177-185.Bi H S,Sun S,Gao S W,et al.Ecological characteristics of zooplankton community in Bohai SeaⅡ.Quantitative distribution and variation of copepods[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2001,21(2):177-185.
[15]张武昌,王克,高尚武,等.渤海春季和秋季的浮游动物[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(6):630-639.Zhang W C,Wang K,Gao S W,et al.Zooplankton in the Bohai Sea in spring and autumn[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,2002,33(6):630-639.
[16]姜会超,陈海刚,宋秀凯,等.莱州湾金城海域浮游动物群落结构及与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,2015,35(22):7308-7319.Jiang H C,Chen H G,Song X K,et al.Zooplankton community structure in Jincheng area of Laizhou Bay and its relationship with environmental factors[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(22):7308-7319.
[17]杜明敏,刘镇盛,王春生,等.中国近海浮游动物群落结构及季节变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(17):5407-5418.Du M K,Liu Z S,Wang C S,et al.The seasonal variation and community structure of zooplankton in China sea[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(17):5407-5418.
[18]范凯,李清雪.渤海湾浮游动物群落结构及水质生物学评价[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(6):1697-1699.Fan K,Li Q X.Community structure of zooplankton and water quality evaluation in Bohai Bay[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2007,35(6):1697-1699.
[19]朱延忠.夏、冬季北黄海大中型浮游动物群落生态学研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学水产学院,2008:35-36.Zhu Y Z.Study on the Maero-zooplankton and Meso-zooplankton Community Ecology in the North Yellow Sea in Summer and Winter[D].Qingdao:Fisheries College,Ocean University of China,2008:35-36.
[20]赫崇本,汪圆祥,雷宗友,等.黄海冷水团的形成及其性质的初步探讨[J].海洋与湖沼,1959,2(1):11-15.He C B,Wang Y Y,Lei Z Y,et al.A preliminary study on the formation and properties of cold water masses in the Yellow Sea[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,1959,2(1):11-15.
[21]肖贻昌.黄海浮游动物的基本生态特点[J].海洋湖沼通报,1979(2):51-55.Xiao Y C.The basic ecological characteristics of zooplankton in the Yellow Sea[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,1979(2):51-55.
[22]徐东会,孙雪梅,陈碧鹃,等.渤海中部浮游动物的生态特征[J].渔业科学进展,2016,3(4):7-18.X u D H,Sun X M,Chen B J,et al.The ecological characteristics of zooplankton in the central Bohai Sea[J].Progress in Fishery Science,2016,3(4):7-18.
[23]朱兰部,张法高.1999年夏季黄河口及其附近海域某些自然环境特征及水型分布[J].海洋科学集刊,1994,35:23-31.Zhu L B,Zhang F G.Characteristics of natural environment and distribution of water in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters in summer,1999[J].Journal of Marine Science,1994,35:23-31.
[24] Sun Dong,Wang Chunsheng.Latitudinal distribution of zooplankton communities in the Western Pacific along 160°E during summer 2014[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2017,169(2017):52-60.
[25]王晓,王宗灵,蒲新明,等.夏季南黄海浮游动物分布及其影响因素分析[J].海洋学报(中文版).2013,35(5):147-155.Wang X,Wang Z L,Pu M X,et al.Distribution of zooplankton and its influencing factors in the South Yellow Sea in summer[J].Journal of Oceanography(Chinese Edition),2013,35(5):147-155.
[26] Gao Q,Xu Z L,Zhuang P.The relation between distribution of zooplankton and salinity in the Changjiang Estuary[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2008,26(2):178-185.
[27] Mouny P,Dauvin J C.Environmental control of mesozooplankton community structure in the Seine estuary(English Channel)[J].Oceanologica Acta,2002,25(1):13-22.
[28] Bianca Salvador,Jose Guilherme F.Bersano.Zooplankton variability in the subtropical estuarine system of Paranagua Bay,Brazil,in 2012and 2013[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2017,199(2017):1-13.
[2]邹艺伟,杨青,李全宝,等.北黄海浮游动物群落结构及年间比较[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(5):683-687.Zou Y W,Yang Q,Li Q B,et al.Community structure and variation of zooplankton in the Northern Yellow Sea[J].Marine Environmental Science,2013,32(5):683-687.
[3]徐兆礼.中国海洋浮游动物研究的新进展[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2006,45(2):16-23.Xu Z L.Advance and future of our study on marine zooplankton[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science Edition),2006,45(2):16-23.
[4]李浩然,刘光兴,马静,等.夏季莱州湾东部近岸水域浮游动物的生态特征[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(4):37-45.Li H R,Liu G X,Ma J,et al.Ecological characteristics of zooplankton in eastern near shore waters of Laizhou Bay in summer[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2017,47(4):37-45.
[5]董志军,杨青,孙婷婷,等.黄河口邻近海域浮游动物群落时空变化特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):659-667.Dong Z J,Yang Q,Yang T T,et al.Spatial and seasonal variability of the zooplankton community in the Yellow River Estuary’s adjacent sea[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(2):659-667.
[6]焦玉木,田家怡.黄河三角洲附近海域浮游动物多样性研究[J].海洋环境科学,1999,18(4):33-38.Jiao Y M,Tian J Y.Zooplankton diversity around the Huanghe River Delta[J].Marine Environmental Science,1999,18(4):33-38.
[7]田家怡,李洪彦.黄河口附近海域浮游动物的分布特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].海洋环境科学,1985,4(3):32-41.Tian J Y,Li H Y.Distribution characteristics of zooplankton and its relationship with environmental factors in the waters near the Yellow River[J].Marine Environmental Science,1985,4(3):32-41.
[8]马静,陈洪举,刘光兴.2007年夏季黄河口及其邻近水域浮游动物的群落特征[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2012,42(5):74-80.Ma J,Chen H J,Liu G X.Study on zooplankton community in the Yellow River Estuary and its adjacent waters in summer,2007[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2012,42(5):74-80.
[9]杨青,王真良,樊景凤,等.北黄海秋、冬季浮游动物多样性及年间变化[J].生态学报,2012,32(21):6747-6754.Yang Q,Wang Z L,Fan J F,et al.Zooplankton diversity and its variation in the Northern Yellow Sea in the autumn and winter of1959,1982and 2009[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(21):6747-6754.
[10]宋昌民.渤海和北黄海浮游桡足类摄食率的研究[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2015:13-21.Song C M.Study on the Feeding Rates of Planktonic Copepods Between the Bohai Sea and the Northern Yellow Sea[D].Dalian:Dalian Ocean University,2015:13-21.
[11] Clarke K,Warwick R.Change in marine communities:An approach to statistical analysis and interpretation[J].Mount Sinal Journal of Medicine New Yark,2014,40(5):689-692.
[12] Field J G,Clarke K R,Warwick R M.A practical strategy for analysing multispecies distribution patterns[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1982,8(2):37-52.
[13] Shannon C E,Weaner W.The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M].Urbana IL:The University of Illinois Press,1949:125.
[14]毕洪生,孙松,高尚武,等.渤海浮游动物群落生态特点Ⅱ.桡足类数量分布及变动[J].生态学报,2001,21(2):177-185.Bi H S,Sun S,Gao S W,et al.Ecological characteristics of zooplankton community in Bohai SeaⅡ.Quantitative distribution and variation of copepods[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2001,21(2):177-185.
[15]张武昌,王克,高尚武,等.渤海春季和秋季的浮游动物[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(6):630-639.Zhang W C,Wang K,Gao S W,et al.Zooplankton in the Bohai Sea in spring and autumn[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,2002,33(6):630-639.
[16]姜会超,陈海刚,宋秀凯,等.莱州湾金城海域浮游动物群落结构及与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,2015,35(22):7308-7319.Jiang H C,Chen H G,Song X K,et al.Zooplankton community structure in Jincheng area of Laizhou Bay and its relationship with environmental factors[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(22):7308-7319.
[17]杜明敏,刘镇盛,王春生,等.中国近海浮游动物群落结构及季节变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(17):5407-5418.Du M K,Liu Z S,Wang C S,et al.The seasonal variation and community structure of zooplankton in China sea[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(17):5407-5418.
[18]范凯,李清雪.渤海湾浮游动物群落结构及水质生物学评价[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(6):1697-1699.Fan K,Li Q X.Community structure of zooplankton and water quality evaluation in Bohai Bay[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2007,35(6):1697-1699.
[19]朱延忠.夏、冬季北黄海大中型浮游动物群落生态学研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学水产学院,2008:35-36.Zhu Y Z.Study on the Maero-zooplankton and Meso-zooplankton Community Ecology in the North Yellow Sea in Summer and Winter[D].Qingdao:Fisheries College,Ocean University of China,2008:35-36.
[20]赫崇本,汪圆祥,雷宗友,等.黄海冷水团的形成及其性质的初步探讨[J].海洋与湖沼,1959,2(1):11-15.He C B,Wang Y Y,Lei Z Y,et al.A preliminary study on the formation and properties of cold water masses in the Yellow Sea[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,1959,2(1):11-15.
[21]肖贻昌.黄海浮游动物的基本生态特点[J].海洋湖沼通报,1979(2):51-55.Xiao Y C.The basic ecological characteristics of zooplankton in the Yellow Sea[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,1979(2):51-55.
[22]徐东会,孙雪梅,陈碧鹃,等.渤海中部浮游动物的生态特征[J].渔业科学进展,2016,3(4):7-18.X u D H,Sun X M,Chen B J,et al.The ecological characteristics of zooplankton in the central Bohai Sea[J].Progress in Fishery Science,2016,3(4):7-18.
[23]朱兰部,张法高.1999年夏季黄河口及其附近海域某些自然环境特征及水型分布[J].海洋科学集刊,1994,35:23-31.Zhu L B,Zhang F G.Characteristics of natural environment and distribution of water in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters in summer,1999[J].Journal of Marine Science,1994,35:23-31.
[24] Sun Dong,Wang Chunsheng.Latitudinal distribution of zooplankton communities in the Western Pacific along 160°E during summer 2014[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2017,169(2017):52-60.
[25]王晓,王宗灵,蒲新明,等.夏季南黄海浮游动物分布及其影响因素分析[J].海洋学报(中文版).2013,35(5):147-155.Wang X,Wang Z L,Pu M X,et al.Distribution of zooplankton and its influencing factors in the South Yellow Sea in summer[J].Journal of Oceanography(Chinese Edition),2013,35(5):147-155.
[26] Gao Q,Xu Z L,Zhuang P.The relation between distribution of zooplankton and salinity in the Changjiang Estuary[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2008,26(2):178-185.
[27] Mouny P,Dauvin J C.Environmental control of mesozooplankton community structure in the Seine estuary(English Channel)[J].Oceanologica Acta,2002,25(1):13-22.
[28] Bianca Salvador,Jose Guilherme F.Bersano.Zooplankton variability in the subtropical estuarine system of Paranagua Bay,Brazil,in 2012and 2013[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2017,199(2017):1-13.