开展小极距井下地电阻率观测的可行性分析
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摘要
目前,我国用于地震监测的地电阻率观测面临着两个难题:①测区范围较大导致台网稀疏且分布不均匀;②易受环境干扰。本文结合台站实际的地下电性结构,采用地电阻率解析表达式和有限元数值分析方法,对开展小极距井下地电阻率观测的可行性进行了讨论。结果表明:小极距井下观测方式能有效抑制地表电性异常体类干扰和年变化的影响,也能记录到地表大极距观测和井下大极距观测所能记录到的震前异常变化。小极距井下观测能大幅减小布极区范围,有助于地电阻率的足密度组网成场观测,可为解决目前地电阻率观测面临的难题提供一种可选方案。
Currently,apparent resistivity observation used in the earthquake prediction of China has been facing two serious difficulties. One is the sparsely and unevenly distributed networks,and the other is the susceptibility to environmental disturbances. One of the possible causes to the difficulties is the large-electrode spacing presently used at stations. In this paper,we will take an analysis on the feasibility of short-electrode spacing well measurement by the use of apparent resistivity analytical expression and finite element numerical method. Results display that the disturbance from surface electric anomalous bodies and annual variation effects can be well inhibited by the use of short-electrode spacing well measurement. And the new type of measurement can record anomalies associated with earthquake as effective as surface large spacing measurement and large spacing well measurement. Short-electrode spacing well measurement greatly reduce the covering areas needed,and can be helpful to field network observation.Therefore,it provides an alternative scheme to settle the difficulties current observations face.
Currently,apparent resistivity observation used in the earthquake prediction of China has been facing two serious difficulties. One is the sparsely and unevenly distributed networks,and the other is the susceptibility to environmental disturbances. One of the possible causes to the difficulties is the large-electrode spacing presently used at stations. In this paper,we will take an analysis on the feasibility of short-electrode spacing well measurement by the use of apparent resistivity analytical expression and finite element numerical method. Results display that the disturbance from surface electric anomalous bodies and annual variation effects can be well inhibited by the use of short-electrode spacing well measurement. And the new type of measurement can record anomalies associated with earthquake as effective as surface large spacing measurement and large spacing well measurement. Short-electrode spacing well measurement greatly reduce the covering areas needed,and can be helpful to field network observation.Therefore,it provides an alternative scheme to settle the difficulties current observations face.
引文
陈大元、陈峰、王丽华等,1983,单轴压力下岩石电阻率的研究——电阻率的各向异性,地球物理学报,26(增刊),783-792.
杜学彬、李宁、叶青等,2007,强地震附近视电阻率各向异性变化的原因,地球物理学报,50(6),1802-1810.
杜学彬、叶青、马占虎等,2008,强地震附近电阻率对称四极观测的探测深度,地球物理学报,51(6),1943-1949.
高曙德,2016,深井地电观测技术在地震监测中的应用探讨,地球物理学进展,31(5),2078-2088.
康云生、安海静、马可兴等,2013,天水地电阻率地表与井下多种观测方式的实验分析,地震工程学报,35(1),190-195.
刘昌谋、桂燮泰、柴剑勇等,1994,河源地电台全空间地电阻率实验,华南地震,14(3),40-45.
刘允秀、吴国有、王蕃树等,1985,深埋电极地电阻率观测的实验结果,见:钱复业、赵玉林、陈英方,地震预测——地电方法论文集,206-216,福州:福建科学技术出版社.
毛先进、杨玲英、钱家栋,2014,水平层状介质中深埋装置系统地电阻率影响系数特征研究,地震学报,36(4),678-685.
聂永安、巴振宁、聂瑶,2010,深埋电极的地电阻率观测研究,地震学报,32(1),33-40.
聂永安、姚兰予,2009,成层半空间深埋电极产生的电位分布,中国地震,25(3),246-255.
钱复业、卢振业、丁鉴海等,1998,电磁学分析预报方法,北京:地震出版社.
钱复业、赵玉林、黄燕妮,1996,地电阻率各向异性参量计算法及地震前兆实例,地震学报,18(4),480-488.
钱复业、赵玉林、余谋明等,1982,地震前地电阻率的异常变化,中国科学:B辑,(9),831-839.
钱家栋、曹爱民,1998,1976年唐山7.8级地震地电阻率和地下水前兆综合物理机制研究,地震,18(增刊),1-9.
钱家栋、陈有发、金安忠,1985,地电阻率法在地震预报中的应用,北京:地震出版社.
钱家栋、马钦忠、李劭稼,2013,汶川Ms8.0地震前成都台NE测线地电阻率异常的进一步研究,地震学报,35(1),4-17.
钱家栋、张学民、王亚璐等,2018,2008年汶川Ms8.0地震前成都台NE向地电阻率趋势异常的数值模拟,地震,38(2),107-116.
苏鸾声、王邦本、夏良苗等,1982,井下电极观测地电阻率排除地面干扰的实验,地震学报,4(3),274-276.
王帮本、刘永兰、李验轩,1981,深井电阻率与地震预报,地震研究,4(4),378-403.
王兰炜、张宇、张世中等,2015,我国井下地电阻率观测技术现状分析,地震地磁观测与研究,36(2),95-102.
汪志亮、郑大林、余素荣,2002,地震地电阻率前兆异常现象,北京:地震出版社.
解滔、杜学彬、陈军营等,2012,井下地电阻率观测中地表电流干扰影响计算,地球物理学进展,27(1),112-121.
解滔、杜学彬、卢军,2016,井下视电阻率观测影响系数分析,中国地震,32(1),40-53.
解滔、刘杰、卢军等,2018,2008年汶川MS8.0地震前定点观测电磁异常回溯性分析,地球物理学报,61(5),1922-1937.
解滔、卢军,2015,地电阻率三维影响系数及其应用,地震地质,37(4),1125-1135.
解滔、卢军,2016,地表固定干扰源影响下地电阻率观测随时间变化特征分析,地震地质,38(4),922-936.
解滔、卢军、李美等,2013,地埋钢缆对宝昌台地电阻率干扰的定量分析,地球物理学进展,28(2),727-734.
解滔、王洪岐、刘立波等,2014,四平台地电阻率相反年变有限元数值分析,地球物理学进展,29(2),588-594.
薛顺章、温新民、董永德等,1994,地电阻率预报地震新方法的研究,地震学报,16(2),227-234.
姚文斌,1989,电测深数值计算和解释入门,北京:地震出版社.
叶青、杜学彬、陈军营等,2005,2003年大姚和民乐-山丹地震1年尺度预测,地震研究,28(3),226-230.
张金铸、陆阳泉,1983,不同三轴应力条件下岩石电阻率变化的实验研究,地震学报,5(4),440-445.
赵和云、钱家栋,1982,地电阻率法中勘探深度和探测范围的理论讨论和计算,西北地震学报,4(1),40-56.
赵和云、钱家栋,1987,郫县台多极距观测资料的反演和分析,中国地震,3(增刊),75-80.
赵玉林、卢军、张洪魁等,2001,电测量在中国地震预报中的应用,地震地质,23(2),277-285.
赵玉林、李正南、钱复业等,1995,地电前兆中期向短临过渡的综合判据,地震,(4),308-314.
赵玉林、钱复业,1978,唐山7.8级强震前震中周围形变电阻率的下降异常,地球物理学报,21(3),181-190.
赵玉林、钱复业、杨体成等,1983,原地电阻率变化的实验,地震学报,5(2),217-225.
Brace W F, Orange A S, 1968, Electrical resistivity changes in saturated rocks during fracture and frictional sliding,J Geophys Res,73(4),1433-1445.
Du X B,2011,Two types of changes in apparent resistivity in earthquake prediction,Sci China Earth Sci,54(1),145-156.
Lu J,Xie T,Li M,et al, 2016, Monitoring shallow resistivity changes prior to the 12 May 2008 M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on the Longmen Shan tectonic zone,China,Tectonophysics,675,244-257.
Lu J, Xue S Z, Qian F Y, et al,2004, Unexpected changes in resistivity monitoring for earthquakes of the Longmen Shan in Sichuan,China,with a fixed Schlumberger sounding array,Phys Earth Planet Inter,145(1/2/3/4),87-97.
Mjachkin V I,Brace W F,Sobolev G A,et al,1975,Two models for earthquake forerunners,Pure Appl Geophys,113(1),169-181.
O'Neill D J, Merrick N P, 1984, A digital linear filter for resistivity sounding with a generalized electrode array, Geophys Prosp,32(1),105-123.
杜学彬、李宁、叶青等,2007,强地震附近视电阻率各向异性变化的原因,地球物理学报,50(6),1802-1810.
杜学彬、叶青、马占虎等,2008,强地震附近电阻率对称四极观测的探测深度,地球物理学报,51(6),1943-1949.
高曙德,2016,深井地电观测技术在地震监测中的应用探讨,地球物理学进展,31(5),2078-2088.
康云生、安海静、马可兴等,2013,天水地电阻率地表与井下多种观测方式的实验分析,地震工程学报,35(1),190-195.
刘昌谋、桂燮泰、柴剑勇等,1994,河源地电台全空间地电阻率实验,华南地震,14(3),40-45.
刘允秀、吴国有、王蕃树等,1985,深埋电极地电阻率观测的实验结果,见:钱复业、赵玉林、陈英方,地震预测——地电方法论文集,206-216,福州:福建科学技术出版社.
毛先进、杨玲英、钱家栋,2014,水平层状介质中深埋装置系统地电阻率影响系数特征研究,地震学报,36(4),678-685.
聂永安、巴振宁、聂瑶,2010,深埋电极的地电阻率观测研究,地震学报,32(1),33-40.
聂永安、姚兰予,2009,成层半空间深埋电极产生的电位分布,中国地震,25(3),246-255.
钱复业、卢振业、丁鉴海等,1998,电磁学分析预报方法,北京:地震出版社.
钱复业、赵玉林、黄燕妮,1996,地电阻率各向异性参量计算法及地震前兆实例,地震学报,18(4),480-488.
钱复业、赵玉林、余谋明等,1982,地震前地电阻率的异常变化,中国科学:B辑,(9),831-839.
钱家栋、曹爱民,1998,1976年唐山7.8级地震地电阻率和地下水前兆综合物理机制研究,地震,18(增刊),1-9.
钱家栋、陈有发、金安忠,1985,地电阻率法在地震预报中的应用,北京:地震出版社.
钱家栋、马钦忠、李劭稼,2013,汶川Ms8.0地震前成都台NE测线地电阻率异常的进一步研究,地震学报,35(1),4-17.
钱家栋、张学民、王亚璐等,2018,2008年汶川Ms8.0地震前成都台NE向地电阻率趋势异常的数值模拟,地震,38(2),107-116.
苏鸾声、王邦本、夏良苗等,1982,井下电极观测地电阻率排除地面干扰的实验,地震学报,4(3),274-276.
王帮本、刘永兰、李验轩,1981,深井电阻率与地震预报,地震研究,4(4),378-403.
王兰炜、张宇、张世中等,2015,我国井下地电阻率观测技术现状分析,地震地磁观测与研究,36(2),95-102.
汪志亮、郑大林、余素荣,2002,地震地电阻率前兆异常现象,北京:地震出版社.
解滔、杜学彬、陈军营等,2012,井下地电阻率观测中地表电流干扰影响计算,地球物理学进展,27(1),112-121.
解滔、杜学彬、卢军,2016,井下视电阻率观测影响系数分析,中国地震,32(1),40-53.
解滔、刘杰、卢军等,2018,2008年汶川MS8.0地震前定点观测电磁异常回溯性分析,地球物理学报,61(5),1922-1937.
解滔、卢军,2015,地电阻率三维影响系数及其应用,地震地质,37(4),1125-1135.
解滔、卢军,2016,地表固定干扰源影响下地电阻率观测随时间变化特征分析,地震地质,38(4),922-936.
解滔、卢军、李美等,2013,地埋钢缆对宝昌台地电阻率干扰的定量分析,地球物理学进展,28(2),727-734.
解滔、王洪岐、刘立波等,2014,四平台地电阻率相反年变有限元数值分析,地球物理学进展,29(2),588-594.
薛顺章、温新民、董永德等,1994,地电阻率预报地震新方法的研究,地震学报,16(2),227-234.
姚文斌,1989,电测深数值计算和解释入门,北京:地震出版社.
叶青、杜学彬、陈军营等,2005,2003年大姚和民乐-山丹地震1年尺度预测,地震研究,28(3),226-230.
张金铸、陆阳泉,1983,不同三轴应力条件下岩石电阻率变化的实验研究,地震学报,5(4),440-445.
赵和云、钱家栋,1982,地电阻率法中勘探深度和探测范围的理论讨论和计算,西北地震学报,4(1),40-56.
赵和云、钱家栋,1987,郫县台多极距观测资料的反演和分析,中国地震,3(增刊),75-80.
赵玉林、卢军、张洪魁等,2001,电测量在中国地震预报中的应用,地震地质,23(2),277-285.
赵玉林、李正南、钱复业等,1995,地电前兆中期向短临过渡的综合判据,地震,(4),308-314.
赵玉林、钱复业,1978,唐山7.8级强震前震中周围形变电阻率的下降异常,地球物理学报,21(3),181-190.
赵玉林、钱复业、杨体成等,1983,原地电阻率变化的实验,地震学报,5(2),217-225.
Brace W F, Orange A S, 1968, Electrical resistivity changes in saturated rocks during fracture and frictional sliding,J Geophys Res,73(4),1433-1445.
Du X B,2011,Two types of changes in apparent resistivity in earthquake prediction,Sci China Earth Sci,54(1),145-156.
Lu J,Xie T,Li M,et al, 2016, Monitoring shallow resistivity changes prior to the 12 May 2008 M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on the Longmen Shan tectonic zone,China,Tectonophysics,675,244-257.
Lu J, Xue S Z, Qian F Y, et al,2004, Unexpected changes in resistivity monitoring for earthquakes of the Longmen Shan in Sichuan,China,with a fixed Schlumberger sounding array,Phys Earth Planet Inter,145(1/2/3/4),87-97.
Mjachkin V I,Brace W F,Sobolev G A,et al,1975,Two models for earthquake forerunners,Pure Appl Geophys,113(1),169-181.
O'Neill D J, Merrick N P, 1984, A digital linear filter for resistivity sounding with a generalized electrode array, Geophys Prosp,32(1),105-123.