基于森林碳汇视角的生物多样性对森林生产力的传导机制研究
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摘要
森林碳汇是最经济、最简单、最有效的减排方式,生物多样性对维持生态系统服务有主导功能。为了探究生物多样性对森林碳汇的影响,分析生物多样性对森林生产力的传导机制,重点讨论生物多样性与森林生产力的"单峰"模式关系、森林生产力和森林碳汇的正相关性、以及森林碳汇对生物多样性的正向反馈作用;提出了保护生物多样性、提高森林生产力、增加森林碳汇的途径:加强相关法制建设,完善森林碳汇交易机制;科学管培森林结构,精准提高森林质量;强化基层环保观念,提高森林生态补偿标准。
Forest carbon sinks are the most economical, simplest and most effective way to reduce emissions, and biodiversity plays a leading role in maintaining ecosystem services. In order to explore the impact of biodiversity on forest carbon sinks, analyze the transmission mechanisms of biodiversity to forest productivity, focusing on the "single peak" model relationship between biodiversity and forest productivity, the positive correlation between forest productivity and forest carbon sinks. And the positive feedback effect of forest carbon sink on biodiversity; The ways to protect biodiversity, increase forest productivity and increase forest carbon sink: Strengthen relevant legal system construction, improve forest carbon exchange trading mechanism; Scientifically manage forest structure, accurately improve forest quality; Strengthen grassroots environmental protection concepts and improve forest ecological compensation standards.
Forest carbon sinks are the most economical, simplest and most effective way to reduce emissions, and biodiversity plays a leading role in maintaining ecosystem services. In order to explore the impact of biodiversity on forest carbon sinks, analyze the transmission mechanisms of biodiversity to forest productivity, focusing on the "single peak" model relationship between biodiversity and forest productivity, the positive correlation between forest productivity and forest carbon sinks. And the positive feedback effect of forest carbon sink on biodiversity; The ways to protect biodiversity, increase forest productivity and increase forest carbon sink: Strengthen relevant legal system construction, improve forest carbon exchange trading mechanism; Scientifically manage forest structure, accurately improve forest quality; Strengthen grassroots environmental protection concepts and improve forest ecological compensation standards.
引文
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[5]杨帆,曾维忠.我国森林碳汇市场综述与展望[J].资源开发与市场,2014,30(5):603-606.
[6]习近平.决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利-在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告[R].北京:人民出版社,2017.
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[11]廖智毅,王敏,朱珏,等.生物多样性对牧草生产力、营养成分和氮循环的影响[J].华北农学报,2010,25(S1):243-249.
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[23]FOREST ISBELL,PETER B.REICH,DAVID TILMANA,et al.Nutrient enrichment,biodiversity loss,and consequent declines in ecosystem productivity[J].PANS,2013,110(29):11911-11916.
[24]HOOPER,CHAPIN,EWEL,et al.Effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning:a sonsensus of current knowledge[J].Ecological Monographs,2005,75(1):3-35.
[25]陈家新,杨红强.全球森林及林产品碳科学研究进展与前瞻[J/OL].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2018:1-7.
[26]薛龙飞,罗小锋,李兆亮,等.中国森林碳汇的空间溢出效应与影响因素-基于大陆31个省(市、区)森林资源清查数据的空间计量分析[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(10):1744-1754.
[27]刘凯,江世浩,朱文珏.广东省森林碳汇量估算及其空间效应分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2015,36(3):120-126.
[28]田明华,王富炜,田昊炜,等.中国大力增加森林碳汇中的几个问题[J].林业经济评论,2011,1(00):22-27.
[29]易贤军,邱春鹏.分析我国森林碳汇经营方法[J].低碳世界,2017(36):366-367.
[30]李茂林,吴显春.国内外森林碳汇市场现状及比较[J].世界农业,2015(7):98-102.
[31]刘薇.京津冀地区基于森林碳汇量的碳汇市场建设研究[J].绿色科技,2017(2):146-148.
[32]石小亮,张颖,韩争伟.森林碳汇计量方法研究综述-基于北京市的选择[J].林业经济,2014,36(11):44-49.
[33]王雪军,张煜星,黄国胜,等.三峡库区森林生产力和固碳能力估算[J].生态科学,2014,33(6):1114-1121.
[34]孙政国,陈奕兆,居为民,等.我国南方不同类型草地生产力及对气候变化的响应[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(4):609-616.
[35]张进献.辽河源自然保护区森林群落生长潜能及影响因子研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010.
[36]张骏.中国中亚热带东部森林生态系统生产力和碳储量研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[37]宋丹.大边沟林场森林碳储量与生物多样性研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2016.
[38]周洁敏,寇文正.区域森林生产力评价的分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(1):1-5.
[39]蒋菊芳,王鹤龄,魏育国,等.河西走廊东部不同类型植物物候对气候变化的响应[J].中国农业气象,2011,32(4):543-549.
[40]李峰,周广胜,曹铭昌.兴安落叶松地理分布对气候变化响应的模拟[J].应用生态学报,2006(12):2255-2260.
[41]陈英.林业碳汇与生物多样性保护的法律研究[J].重庆大学学报(社会科学版),2012,18(3):94-100.
[42]雷尼尔·伊巴纳,谭悦涵.将热力学定律应用于气候变化和生物多样性的伦理意涵[J].国际社会科学杂志(中文版),2015,32(4):58-63.
[43]沃尔金内·柯尔贝萨,张大川.本土知识及其对保护生物多样性的贡献[J].国际社会科学杂志(中文版),2015,32(4):47-57.
[2]刘世荣,温远光,蔡道雄,等.气候变化对森林的影响与多尺度适应性管理研究进展[J].广西科学,2014,21(5):419-435.
[3]叶功富,尤龙辉,卢昌义,等.全球气候变化及森林生态系统的适应性管理[J].世界林业研究,2015,28(1):1-6.
[4]杨加猛,杜丽永,蔡志坚,等.江苏省森林碳储量的区域分布研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(7):84-89.
[5]杨帆,曾维忠.我国森林碳汇市场综述与展望[J].资源开发与市场,2014,30(5):603-606.
[6]习近平.决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利-在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告[R].北京:人民出版社,2017.
[7]江小雷,张卫国,严林,等.植物群落物种多样性对生态系统生产力的影响[J].草业学报,2004(6):8-13.
[8]PALOMA RUIZ-BENITO,LORENA GOMEZ-APARICIO,ALAIN PAQUETTE,et al.Diversity increase carbon story and tree productivity in spanish forest[J].Global Ecology and Biogeography,2014,23:311-322.
[9]牛克昌,刘怿宁,沈泽昊,等.群落构建的中性理论和生态位理论[J].生物多样性,2009,17(6):579-593.
[10]唐俊峰.生态位分化对物种多样性维持的重要性[D].兰州大学,2013.
[11]廖智毅,王敏,朱珏,等.生物多样性对牧草生产力、营养成分和氮循环的影响[J].华北农学报,2010,25(S1):243-249.
[12]LOREAU M,HECTOR A.Partitioning selection and complementarity in biodiversity experiments[J].Nature,2001,412:72-76.
[13]JINGJING LIANG,JAMES V.WATSON,MO ZHOU,et al.Effects of productivity on biodiversity in forest ecosystems across the united states and china[J].Conservation Biology,2016,30(2):308-317.
[14]L LAANISTO,MJ HUTCHINGS.Comment on"Worldwide evidence of a unimodal relationship between productivity and plant species richness"[J].Science,2015,349(6265):1-4.
[15]JAMES B.GRACE,T.MICHAEL ANDERSON,ERIC W.SE-ABLOOM,et al.Integrative modolling reveals mechanisms linking productivity and plant species richness[J].Nature,2016,529(10):1-10.
[16]AMY J.SYMSTAD,F.STUART CHAPIN III,DIANA H.WALL,et al.Long-term and large-scale perspectives on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem fuctioning[J].BioScience,2003,53(1):1-10.
[17]ALAIN PAQUETTE,CHRISTIAN MESSIER.The effect of biodiversity on tree productivity:from temperate to boreal forests[J].Global Ecology and Biogeography,2011(20):170-180.
[18]LARS GAMFELDT,TORD SNALL,ROBERT BAGCHI,et al.Higher levels of multiple ecosystem services are found in forests with more tree species[J].NATURE COMMUNICA-TIONS,2013(4):1-8.
[19]MARTIN BARRUFOL,BERNHARD SCHMID,HELGEBRUELHEIDE,et al.Biodiversity promotes tree growth during succession in subtropical forest[J].PLOS ONE,2013,8(11):1-9.
[20]YU ZHANG,HAN Y.H.CHEN,PETER B.REICH.Forest productivity increase with eveness,species richness and trait variation:a global meta-analysis[J].Journal of Ecology,2012,100(3):742-749.
[21]COOK-PATTON SUSAN C,MCART SCOTT H,PARACHNOWITSCH AMY L,et al.A direct comparison of the consequences of plant genotypic and species diversity on communities and ecosystem function[J].Ecology,2011,92(4):915-923.
[22]J.EMMETT DUFFY,CASEY M.GODWIN,BRADLEY J.CARDINALE.Biodiversity effects in the wild are common and as strong as key divers of productivity[J].Nature,2017,549:261-264.
[23]FOREST ISBELL,PETER B.REICH,DAVID TILMANA,et al.Nutrient enrichment,biodiversity loss,and consequent declines in ecosystem productivity[J].PANS,2013,110(29):11911-11916.
[24]HOOPER,CHAPIN,EWEL,et al.Effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning:a sonsensus of current knowledge[J].Ecological Monographs,2005,75(1):3-35.
[25]陈家新,杨红强.全球森林及林产品碳科学研究进展与前瞻[J/OL].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2018:1-7.
[26]薛龙飞,罗小锋,李兆亮,等.中国森林碳汇的空间溢出效应与影响因素-基于大陆31个省(市、区)森林资源清查数据的空间计量分析[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(10):1744-1754.
[27]刘凯,江世浩,朱文珏.广东省森林碳汇量估算及其空间效应分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2015,36(3):120-126.
[28]田明华,王富炜,田昊炜,等.中国大力增加森林碳汇中的几个问题[J].林业经济评论,2011,1(00):22-27.
[29]易贤军,邱春鹏.分析我国森林碳汇经营方法[J].低碳世界,2017(36):366-367.
[30]李茂林,吴显春.国内外森林碳汇市场现状及比较[J].世界农业,2015(7):98-102.
[31]刘薇.京津冀地区基于森林碳汇量的碳汇市场建设研究[J].绿色科技,2017(2):146-148.
[32]石小亮,张颖,韩争伟.森林碳汇计量方法研究综述-基于北京市的选择[J].林业经济,2014,36(11):44-49.
[33]王雪军,张煜星,黄国胜,等.三峡库区森林生产力和固碳能力估算[J].生态科学,2014,33(6):1114-1121.
[34]孙政国,陈奕兆,居为民,等.我国南方不同类型草地生产力及对气候变化的响应[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(4):609-616.
[35]张进献.辽河源自然保护区森林群落生长潜能及影响因子研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010.
[36]张骏.中国中亚热带东部森林生态系统生产力和碳储量研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[37]宋丹.大边沟林场森林碳储量与生物多样性研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2016.
[38]周洁敏,寇文正.区域森林生产力评价的分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(1):1-5.
[39]蒋菊芳,王鹤龄,魏育国,等.河西走廊东部不同类型植物物候对气候变化的响应[J].中国农业气象,2011,32(4):543-549.
[40]李峰,周广胜,曹铭昌.兴安落叶松地理分布对气候变化响应的模拟[J].应用生态学报,2006(12):2255-2260.
[41]陈英.林业碳汇与生物多样性保护的法律研究[J].重庆大学学报(社会科学版),2012,18(3):94-100.
[42]雷尼尔·伊巴纳,谭悦涵.将热力学定律应用于气候变化和生物多样性的伦理意涵[J].国际社会科学杂志(中文版),2015,32(4):58-63.
[43]沃尔金内·柯尔贝萨,张大川.本土知识及其对保护生物多样性的贡献[J].国际社会科学杂志(中文版),2015,32(4):47-57.