政府与企业间人才配置对出口技术复杂度的影响研究——来自中国的经验证据
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摘要
文章通过构建理论模型厘清了政府与企业间人才配置影响出口技术复杂度的机理,利用人口抽样调查数据与海关数据,构建计量模型并对其进行估计,检验了政府与企业间人才配置对中国城市出口技术复杂度的影响,并从变量度量、模型形式设定与内生性问题角度对估计结果进行稳健性分析。文章研究发现:政府对人力资本的过度占用损害了当地高技能劳动力密集型商品的比较优势,导致当地出口技术复杂度的下降,是造成中国城市间出口技术复杂度差异的重要因素;政府部门对企业人力资本的掠夺效应在不同行业间存在显著差异性,对一般贸易、私营企业及与政府人力资本结构更为相似行业的出口技术复杂度影响更大。文章从人力资本配置角度识别了政府在出口技术复杂度演变过程中所扮演的角色并对其机制进行检验与分析,具有重要的理论与现实意义,对于政府从人才体制改革角度推进出口结构转型具有重要的政策内涵。
The paper clarifies the mechanism of the influence of the government-enterprise talent allocation on export technical sophistication by establishing a theoretical model.Based on the population sampling survey data and China Customs data, the paper constructs an econometric model and checks for the impact of the government-enterprise talent allocation on China's urban export technical sophistication as well as makes a robustness analysis from the perspectives of variable measurement, model form and endogeneity. The paper finds that the government's excessive occupation of human capital damages the comparative advantages of local high-skilled labor-intensive products and leads to a decline in the local export technical sophistication. It is an important factor causing the differences in export technical sophistication among China's cities. The looting effect of the government on human capital of the enterprises exists significantly among different industries, and exerts more impact on the general trade, private enterprises and the industries of which the human capital structure is more similar with the government. The paper identifies the role of the government in the evolution of export technical sophistication from the perspective of human capital allocation, and examines as well as analyzes its mechanism. It has an important policy implication for the government to promote the transformation of export structure from the perspective of talent system reform.
The paper clarifies the mechanism of the influence of the government-enterprise talent allocation on export technical sophistication by establishing a theoretical model.Based on the population sampling survey data and China Customs data, the paper constructs an econometric model and checks for the impact of the government-enterprise talent allocation on China's urban export technical sophistication as well as makes a robustness analysis from the perspectives of variable measurement, model form and endogeneity. The paper finds that the government's excessive occupation of human capital damages the comparative advantages of local high-skilled labor-intensive products and leads to a decline in the local export technical sophistication. It is an important factor causing the differences in export technical sophistication among China's cities. The looting effect of the government on human capital of the enterprises exists significantly among different industries, and exerts more impact on the general trade, private enterprises and the industries of which the human capital structure is more similar with the government. The paper identifies the role of the government in the evolution of export technical sophistication from the perspective of human capital allocation, and examines as well as analyzes its mechanism. It has an important policy implication for the government to promote the transformation of export structure from the perspective of talent system reform.
引文
赖德胜,纪雯雯.2015.人力资本配置与创新[J].经济学动态(3):22-30.
李坤望.2008.改革开放三十年来中国对外贸易发展评述[J].经济社会体制比较(4):35-40.
李世刚,尹恒.2017.政府-企业间人才配置与经济增长-基于中国地级市数据的经验研究[J].经济研究(4):78-91.
李海峥,贾娜,张晓蓓,B.Fraumeni.2013.中国人力资本的区域分布及发展动态[J].经济研究(7):49-62.
王永进,盛丹,施炳展,李坤望.2010.基础设施如何提升了出口技术复杂度?[J].经济研究,45(07):103-115.
翟校义.2009.公务员职业吸引力探析[J].中国行政管理(9):73.
中国经济增长前沿课题组.2014.中国经济转型的结构性特征、风险与效率提升路径[J].复印报刊资料(经济学文摘)(1):3-16.
Amiti M.,Freund C.2010.The Anatomy of China's Export Growth[B].In China's Growing Role in World Trade,Publisher:University of Chicago Press.
Costinot A.2009.On The Origins of Comparative Advantage[J].Journal of International Economics,77(2):255-264.
Fisman,R.,and J.Svensson.2007.Are Corruption and Taxation really Harmful to Growth?Firm Level Evidence[J].Journal of Development Economics,83(1):63-75.
Hausmann,R.,J.Hwang and D.Rodrik.2007.What You Export Matters[J].Journal of Economic Growth,12(1):1-25.
Joachim.J,Sandra.P.2012.Export Sophistication and Economic Growth:Evidence from China[J].Journal of Development Economics(97):281-292.
Nunn N.2007.Relationship-Specificity,Incomplete Contracts,and the Pattern of Trade[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,122(2):569-600.
Rajan and Zingales.1998.Financial Dependence and Growth[J].American Economic Review(88):599-586.
Rodrik.D.2006.What Is So Special about China’s Export?[J].China&World Economy(14):1-19.
Rudai Y.,Yao Y.,Zhang Y.2009.Technological Structure and Its Upgrading in China’s Exports[J].China Economic Journal,2(1):55-71.
Schott.2008.The Relative Sophistication of Chinese Exports[J].Economic Policy(53):5-49.
Tang H.2012.Labor Market Institutions.Firm-Specific Skills,and Trade Patterns[J].Journal of International Economics,87(2):337-351.
Van Assche,Gangnes B.2010.Electronics Production Upgrading:Is China Exceptional?[J].Applied Economics Letters,17(5):477-482.
Wang Z.,Wei S.J.2010.What Accounts for the Rising Sophistication of China's Exports?[B].In China's Growing Role in World Trade,Publisher:University of Chicago Press.
Xu,B.,&Lu,J.2008.Foreign Direct Investment,Processing Trade,and China's Export Sophistication.[J].China Economic Review,20(3):425-439.
李坤望.2008.改革开放三十年来中国对外贸易发展评述[J].经济社会体制比较(4):35-40.
李世刚,尹恒.2017.政府-企业间人才配置与经济增长-基于中国地级市数据的经验研究[J].经济研究(4):78-91.
李海峥,贾娜,张晓蓓,B.Fraumeni.2013.中国人力资本的区域分布及发展动态[J].经济研究(7):49-62.
王永进,盛丹,施炳展,李坤望.2010.基础设施如何提升了出口技术复杂度?[J].经济研究,45(07):103-115.
翟校义.2009.公务员职业吸引力探析[J].中国行政管理(9):73.
中国经济增长前沿课题组.2014.中国经济转型的结构性特征、风险与效率提升路径[J].复印报刊资料(经济学文摘)(1):3-16.
Amiti M.,Freund C.2010.The Anatomy of China's Export Growth[B].In China's Growing Role in World Trade,Publisher:University of Chicago Press.
Costinot A.2009.On The Origins of Comparative Advantage[J].Journal of International Economics,77(2):255-264.
Fisman,R.,and J.Svensson.2007.Are Corruption and Taxation really Harmful to Growth?Firm Level Evidence[J].Journal of Development Economics,83(1):63-75.
Hausmann,R.,J.Hwang and D.Rodrik.2007.What You Export Matters[J].Journal of Economic Growth,12(1):1-25.
Joachim.J,Sandra.P.2012.Export Sophistication and Economic Growth:Evidence from China[J].Journal of Development Economics(97):281-292.
Nunn N.2007.Relationship-Specificity,Incomplete Contracts,and the Pattern of Trade[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,122(2):569-600.
Rajan and Zingales.1998.Financial Dependence and Growth[J].American Economic Review(88):599-586.
Rodrik.D.2006.What Is So Special about China’s Export?[J].China&World Economy(14):1-19.
Rudai Y.,Yao Y.,Zhang Y.2009.Technological Structure and Its Upgrading in China’s Exports[J].China Economic Journal,2(1):55-71.
Schott.2008.The Relative Sophistication of Chinese Exports[J].Economic Policy(53):5-49.
Tang H.2012.Labor Market Institutions.Firm-Specific Skills,and Trade Patterns[J].Journal of International Economics,87(2):337-351.
Van Assche,Gangnes B.2010.Electronics Production Upgrading:Is China Exceptional?[J].Applied Economics Letters,17(5):477-482.
Wang Z.,Wei S.J.2010.What Accounts for the Rising Sophistication of China's Exports?[B].In China's Growing Role in World Trade,Publisher:University of Chicago Press.
Xu,B.,&Lu,J.2008.Foreign Direct Investment,Processing Trade,and China's Export Sophistication.[J].China Economic Review,20(3):425-439.