茶树胚根倒接方法及不同砧穗品种的嫁接效果
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摘要
为了研究茶树胚根倒接嫁接方法的优劣,筛选茶树胚根倒接方法的适宜根砧、接穗品种,通过田间试验,设置胚根顺接法与倒接法2种嫁接方法,祁门槠叶种、黄山大叶种、松萝种3种根砧,红旗1号与漕溪1号2种接穗,在不同时期取样观察嫁接苗愈合、成活及生长情况。结果表明:茶树胚根嫁接后40 d愈合率为93.93%,平均成活率为99.26%;80 d后嫁接口已完全愈合,平均成活率为90.50%;145 d后平均成活率为76.1%,平均株高为20.22 cm,叶片数为5.89,平均根粗为3.73 cm;倒接法早期(40 d)愈合稍慢,但后期(145 d)生长加速,甚至超过顺接法;漕溪1号接穗为半木质化新梢,叶面积大,成活率高(80.92%),前期(40 d)以根系发育为主,80 d以后地上、地下生长速度均大于红旗1号(为木质化留养枝);不同品种茶树根砧的嫁接效果无显著性差异,嫁接后5个月,黄山大叶种的地上部分表现最好,祁门槠叶种的主根长及主、侧根鲜重等地下部分表现最好;整体来看,祁门槠叶种根砧倒接漕溪1号接穗处理为最优选择。因此,茶树胚根倒接方法技术可行,嫁接时选择大叶种茶树的未木质化或半木质化新梢作为接穗,配合亲和性强的根系粗壮的根砧,更有利于嫁接苗的成活及后期的生长发育。
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different radicle-stocks and scions on the healing percentage, survival percentage and growth of grafting tea plants. The healing rate of the grafted seedlings was 93.93%40 days after grafting, and the average survival rate was 99.26%. The grafting site completely healed 80 days after grafting, and the average survival rate was 90.50%. 145 days after grafting, the average survival rate was 76.1%, the average plant height was 20.22 cm, the number of leaves was 5.89, and the average root diameter was 3.73 cm. In the early stage(40 d), tea plants were healed later under the reverse radicle-grafting method, but the growth of tree plants accelerated during the later stage(145 d), even more than that under the radicle-grafting method. Compared with‘Hongqi 1' scion, the plants grafted on ‘Caoxi 1' scion which had larger leaf area, had higher survival percentage(80.92%) and better underground growth situation during the early stage, and faster growth rate during the later stage.There was no significant difference of grafting effect among different varieties of stocks. Five months after grafting, the‘Huangshan daye' stock was the best for above-ground growth, and the ‘Qimen zhuye' stock was the best for underground growth, including longer taproot length, heavier main and lateral root fresh weigh. On the whole, the reverse grafting of the ‘Qimen zhuye' root-stock to ‘Caoxi 1' scion was the optimum choice. The technique of reverse radicle-grafting is feasible for tea plant. A large-leaf tea scion from the non-lignification or semi-lignification new shoot,grafting on a strong radicle which has a good affinity, is more advantageous to the grafting survival and growth.
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different radicle-stocks and scions on the healing percentage, survival percentage and growth of grafting tea plants. The healing rate of the grafted seedlings was 93.93%40 days after grafting, and the average survival rate was 99.26%. The grafting site completely healed 80 days after grafting, and the average survival rate was 90.50%. 145 days after grafting, the average survival rate was 76.1%, the average plant height was 20.22 cm, the number of leaves was 5.89, and the average root diameter was 3.73 cm. In the early stage(40 d), tea plants were healed later under the reverse radicle-grafting method, but the growth of tree plants accelerated during the later stage(145 d), even more than that under the radicle-grafting method. Compared with‘Hongqi 1' scion, the plants grafted on ‘Caoxi 1' scion which had larger leaf area, had higher survival percentage(80.92%) and better underground growth situation during the early stage, and faster growth rate during the later stage.There was no significant difference of grafting effect among different varieties of stocks. Five months after grafting, the‘Huangshan daye' stock was the best for above-ground growth, and the ‘Qimen zhuye' stock was the best for underground growth, including longer taproot length, heavier main and lateral root fresh weigh. On the whole, the reverse grafting of the ‘Qimen zhuye' root-stock to ‘Caoxi 1' scion was the optimum choice. The technique of reverse radicle-grafting is feasible for tea plant. A large-leaf tea scion from the non-lignification or semi-lignification new shoot,grafting on a strong radicle which has a good affinity, is more advantageous to the grafting survival and growth.
引文
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[19]魏杰,陈娟,刘声传,等.茶树嫁接成活影响因素研究综述[J].安徽农业科学, 2015, 43(5):43-45.
[20]潘根生,赵学仁.茶树轻修剪时期与留叶时期优化组合研究[J].茶叶, 1992, 18(4):8-12.
[2]杨云丹,王世斌.茶树硬枝扦插研究[J].安徽农业科学,2014, 42(1):31-34.
[3]杨婷,黄水有,张谦.茶树快速育苗技术初探[J].农业研究与应用, 2014(6):38-41.
[4]周俊岸.蛋黄果胚根倒置嫁接繁殖[J].北方园艺, 2012(6):45.
[5]季志平,吕平会,何佳林.板栗芽砧嫁接育苗中的断胚根处理技术[J].林业实用技术, 2014(12):30-32.
[6]杨志坚,冯金玲,陈辉.油茶芽苗砧嫁接口愈合过程解剖学研究[J].植物科学学报, 2013, 31(3):313-320.
[7]徐奕鼎,王文杰,王烨军,等.茶树根砧嫁接繁育方法:CN201210048726.3[P]. 2012-07-18.
[8]曾浩,梁健梅,李艳梅,等.茶树扦插成活率的影响因素研究[J].现代农业科技, 2014(11):157, 159.
[9]黄坚钦,章滨森,陆建伟.山核桃嫁接愈合过程的解剖学观察[J].浙江林学院学报, 2001, 18(2):111-114.
[10]陈启文,周月琴,韩艳娜,等.茶树扦插生根过程中3种氧化酶活性及多酚含量变化研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2013, 40(6):908-911.
[11]潘温文,李伟,谭巧,等.不同处理对漠牡丹种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].西部林业科学,2014,43(2):48-52.
[12]袁婷婷,钟秋平,丁少净,等.接穗留叶数对油茶芽苗砧嫁接愈合过程的影响[J].经济林研究, 2016, 34(3):56-66.
[13]袁军,王慧,董文统,等.不同砧木对海南油茶嫁接成活率和苗木生长的影响[J].热带作物学报,2017,38(7):1193-1197.
[14]袁婷婷,钟秋平,丁少净,等.砧木和接穗对油茶芽苗砧嫁接苗愈合及生长的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2016,38(6):1076-1085.
[15]杨邵,束庆龙,姚小华,等.油茶不同芽苗砧嫁接组合的亲和性生理[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(7):19-22,46.
[16]孙丽丽,徐扬,郭世荣,等.不同砧木嫁接对番茄成活率、生长及果实品质的影响[J].南京农业大学学报, 2014,37(5):55-62.
[17]徐春永,周席华,杜洋文,等.不同类型穗条嫁接对油茶芽苗砧嫁接苗生长发育的影响研究[J].湖北林业科技,2011(5):15-18, 22.
[18]骆耀平.茶树栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008:63-66.
[19]魏杰,陈娟,刘声传,等.茶树嫁接成活影响因素研究综述[J].安徽农业科学, 2015, 43(5):43-45.
[20]潘根生,赵学仁.茶树轻修剪时期与留叶时期优化组合研究[J].茶叶, 1992, 18(4):8-12.