相控技术在低勘探区生屑滩相储层预测中的应用
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摘要
针对生屑滩相储层非均质性强、常规物探技术及方法难以准确预测其储层和物性这一难题,研究形成了一套集"平剖融合"地震微相分析、相控储层反演、相控孔隙度预测等于一体的生屑滩相储层及物性预测方法流程和关键技术。结果表明:以波形聚类为基础的平面沉积相解释、剖面地震相监控的相分析技术,可以实现"平剖融合"的地震微相分析;相控岩性平均速度充填建模和有色反演的有机结合,可以实现低勘探区(少井或无井地区)生屑滩相储层预测;沉积结构和沉积微相控制下的速度-孔隙度转换,可以有效解决低勘探区生屑滩相储层物性预测难题。实例表明,该方法流程和关键技术对于生屑滩相储层物性预测行之有效。
The bioclastic shoal reservoir has strong heterogeneity,and it is difficult to accurately predict the reservoirs and physical properties by conventional geophysical prospecting methods. A set of integrated techniques of seismic microfacies analysis,facies-controlled reservoir inversion, facies-controlled porosity prediction was formed,to predict bioclastic shoal reservoirs and their properties. The results show that facies analysis techniques of plane sedimentary facies interpretation and profile seismic facies monitoring based on the waveform clustering can be used to realize seismic microfacies analysis. Under the control of sedimentary microfacies,the low frequency model was established by filling the average velocity of lithology in each facies,and then combined with the color inversion technology,the impedance inversion could be completed. This is an effective inversion method in the less well zones. According to the results of statistical rock physical analysis,the impedance could be transformed to porosity under the control of sedimentary structure and microfacies,and then the bioclastic shoal reservoir property prediction could be realized in the less well zones. Practical application has proved that thismethod is effective for the prediction of bioclastic shoal reservoirs.
The bioclastic shoal reservoir has strong heterogeneity,and it is difficult to accurately predict the reservoirs and physical properties by conventional geophysical prospecting methods. A set of integrated techniques of seismic microfacies analysis,facies-controlled reservoir inversion, facies-controlled porosity prediction was formed,to predict bioclastic shoal reservoirs and their properties. The results show that facies analysis techniques of plane sedimentary facies interpretation and profile seismic facies monitoring based on the waveform clustering can be used to realize seismic microfacies analysis. Under the control of sedimentary microfacies,the low frequency model was established by filling the average velocity of lithology in each facies,and then combined with the color inversion technology,the impedance inversion could be completed. This is an effective inversion method in the less well zones. According to the results of statistical rock physical analysis,the impedance could be transformed to porosity under the control of sedimentary structure and microfacies,and then the bioclastic shoal reservoir property prediction could be realized in the less well zones. Practical application has proved that thismethod is effective for the prediction of bioclastic shoal reservoirs.
引文
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[14]蒋炼,文晓涛,贺振华,等.礁滩储层内部孔隙结构模型模拟与孔隙度预测.地球物理学报,2011,54(6):1624-1633.JIANG L,WEN X T,HE Z H,et al.Pore structure model simulation and porosity prediction in reef-flat reservoir.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,54(6):1624-1633.
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[16]王小敏,樊太亮.碳酸盐岩礁滩相储层分类.中南大学学报(自然科学版).2012,43(5):1837-1844.WANG X M,FAN T L.Classification of carbonate reef-shoal reservoir rocks.Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2012,43(5):1837-1844.
[17]WYLLIE M R J,GREGORY A R,GARDNER G H F.An experimental investigation of factors affecting elastic wave velocities in porous media.Geophysics,1958,23(3):459-493.
[18]DEMENICO S N,Elastic properties of unconsolidated porous sand reservoirs.Geophysics,1977,42(7):1339-1368.
[19]张新,梁子锐,汪建辉.川东南涪陵地区上二叠统长兴组生物礁特征及分布规律.海洋地质前沿,2012,28(4):23-29.ZHANG X,LIANG Z R,WANG J H.Distribution of the organic reefs in the Upper Permian Changxing Formation in Fuling area of northeastern Sichuan.Marine Geology Frontiers.2012,28(4):23-29.
[20]曾婷婷,唐德海,郑公营.川东南涪陵地区长兴组储层特征与形成主控因素.天然气勘探与开发,2012,35(4):11-14.ZENG T T,TANG D H,ZHENG G Y.Reservoir characteristics and its controlling factors of Changing Formation in Fuling area,southeast Sichuan Basin.Natural Gas Exploration&Development,2012,35(4):11-14.
[2]SOUBARAS R,DOWLE R.Variable-depth streamer—a broadband marine solution.First Break,2010,28(11):89-96.
[3]吴志强.海洋宽频带地震勘探技术新进展.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(3):421-430.WU Z Q.New advances in marine broadband seismic exploration.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(3):421-430.
[4]吴礼浩.碳酸盐岩储层特征与预测方法研究.青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2011:52-57.WU L H.The characteristics of carbonate reservoir and research of prediction method.Qingdao:China University of Petroleum,2011:52-57.
[5]陈祖庆,杨鸿飞,王涛.川东北宣汉—达县地区礁滩相储层地震预测研究.南方油气.2005,18(4):31-36.CHEN Z Q,YANG H F,WANG T.Study on seismic prediction of reef reservoir in Xuanhan-Daxian area,northeastern Sichuan.Southern China Oil&Gas,2005,18(4):31-36.
[6]敬朋贵.川东北地区礁滩相储层预测技术与应用.石油物探,2007,46(4):363-369.JING P G.Reservoir prediction technology of reef-flat facies in northeast Sichuan province and its application.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(4):363-369.
[7]曾洪流.地震沉积学在中国:回顾和展望.沉积学报,2011,29(3):417-426.ZENG H L.Seismic sedimentology in China:a review.Acta Sedimentologica Sinca,2011,29(3):417-426.
[8]谢玉洪,刘力辉,陈志宏.中国南海地震沉积学研究及其在岩性预测中的应用.北京:石油工业出版社,2010,58-59.XIE Y H,LIU L H,CHEN Z H.Application of seismic sedimentology on lithology prediction in South China Sea.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2010:58-59.
[9]王宏斌,张虎权,卫平生,等.碳酸盐岩地震储层学在塔中地区生物礁滩复合体油气勘探中的应用.岩性油气藏,2010,22(2):18-23.WANG H B,ZHANG H Q,WEI P S,et al.Application of carbonate seismic reservoir to reef-beach complex exploration in Tazhong area.Lithologic Reservoirs,2010,22(2):18-23.
[10]滕团余,潘建国,张虎权,等.塔中地区碳酸盐岩储层综合预测技术分析.岩性油气藏,2010,22(4):14-19.TENG T Y,PAN J G,ZHANG H Q,et al.Prediction technique of carbonate reservoir in Tazhong area.Lithologic Reservoirs,2010,22(4):14-19.
[11]孙勤华,刘晓梅,刘建新,等.利用波形分析技术半定量预测塔中碳酸盐岩储层.岩性油气藏,2010,22(1):101-103.SUN Q H,LIU X M,LIU J X,et al.Applying waveform analysis to semi-quantitatively predict carbonate reservoir in Tazhong area.Lithologic Reservoirs,2010,22(1):101-103.
[12]马劲风,王学军,谢言光,等.波阻抗反演中低频分量构建的经验与技巧.石油物探,2000,39(2):27-34.MA J F,WANG X J,XIE Y G,et al.Experience and skill of constructing low frequency components in impedance inversion.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2000,39(2):27-34.
[13]刘力辉,陈珊,倪长宽.叠前有色反演技术在地震岩性学研究中的应用.石油物探,2013,52(2):171-176.LIU L H,CHEN S,NI C K.Application of prestack colored inversion technology in seismic lithology.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(2):171-176.
[14]蒋炼,文晓涛,贺振华,等.礁滩储层内部孔隙结构模型模拟与孔隙度预测.地球物理学报,2011,54(6):1624-1633.JIANG L,WEN X T,HE Z H,et al.Pore structure model simulation and porosity prediction in reef-flat reservoir.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,54(6):1624-1633.
[15]AVSETH P,MUKERJI T,MAVKO G.定量地震解释.李来林,译.北京:石油工业出版社,2009:56-60.AVSETH P,MUKERJI T,MAVKO G.Quantitative seismic interpretation.LI L L,trans.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009:56-60.
[16]王小敏,樊太亮.碳酸盐岩礁滩相储层分类.中南大学学报(自然科学版).2012,43(5):1837-1844.WANG X M,FAN T L.Classification of carbonate reef-shoal reservoir rocks.Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2012,43(5):1837-1844.
[17]WYLLIE M R J,GREGORY A R,GARDNER G H F.An experimental investigation of factors affecting elastic wave velocities in porous media.Geophysics,1958,23(3):459-493.
[18]DEMENICO S N,Elastic properties of unconsolidated porous sand reservoirs.Geophysics,1977,42(7):1339-1368.
[19]张新,梁子锐,汪建辉.川东南涪陵地区上二叠统长兴组生物礁特征及分布规律.海洋地质前沿,2012,28(4):23-29.ZHANG X,LIANG Z R,WANG J H.Distribution of the organic reefs in the Upper Permian Changxing Formation in Fuling area of northeastern Sichuan.Marine Geology Frontiers.2012,28(4):23-29.
[20]曾婷婷,唐德海,郑公营.川东南涪陵地区长兴组储层特征与形成主控因素.天然气勘探与开发,2012,35(4):11-14.ZENG T T,TANG D H,ZHENG G Y.Reservoir characteristics and its controlling factors of Changing Formation in Fuling area,southeast Sichuan Basin.Natural Gas Exploration&Development,2012,35(4):11-14.