基于单目红外的远距离多测点振动测量方法
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摘要
为解决基于视觉方法测量柔性结构模态测量范围小、无法同时测量大型柔性结构纵深方向多个节点的振动情况的问题,提出基于单目红外的远距离多测点振动测量方法。在单红外相机的基础上,加装带通滤光片、红外LED等设备构成测量系统。利用离焦成像的原理对不同距离段内的LED灯组同时成像,对测量结果使用卡尔曼滤波平滑减小误差,滤波后定位精度为0.5 mm,重复性定位精度优于0.2 mm。通过在不同距离布设不锈钢尺模拟大型柔性结构,测量及实验计算结果与固有频率理论值进行比较相对误差最小为2.22%,计算过程中,滤波后数据有效地排除了干扰峰值。实验结果表明,所提测量方法简单有效,可应用于大型柔性结构模态检测等领域。
To measure the flexible structure modal, the visual method has the problem of small measurement range. Besides, the vibration of multiple points in depth direction of a large flexible structure cannot be also measured. To solve these problems, one kind of measuring method based on monocular infrared camera is proposed. On the basis of single camera, the system is consisted of a pass filter, infrared LED, etc. The principle of confocal imaging is utilized to take LED images of different distance at the same time. The error of measurement result is decreased by Kalman filter. In this way, the positioning accuracy is only 0.5 mm and the repetitive positioning accuracy is better than 0.2 mm. By setting stainless steel rulers in different distance as the simulated large flexible structure, the first order frequency of steel ruler is obtained by modal analysis. The relative error of the theoretical value is 2.22%. During the calculation process, the interference peak can be effectively eliminated by the filter. Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective and can be applied to the large-scale flexible structure modal detection.
To measure the flexible structure modal, the visual method has the problem of small measurement range. Besides, the vibration of multiple points in depth direction of a large flexible structure cannot be also measured. To solve these problems, one kind of measuring method based on monocular infrared camera is proposed. On the basis of single camera, the system is consisted of a pass filter, infrared LED, etc. The principle of confocal imaging is utilized to take LED images of different distance at the same time. The error of measurement result is decreased by Kalman filter. In this way, the positioning accuracy is only 0.5 mm and the repetitive positioning accuracy is better than 0.2 mm. By setting stainless steel rulers in different distance as the simulated large flexible structure, the first order frequency of steel ruler is obtained by modal analysis. The relative error of the theoretical value is 2.22%. During the calculation process, the interference peak can be effectively eliminated by the filter. Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective and can be applied to the large-scale flexible structure modal detection.
引文
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[15] 吴凡路, 刘建军, 任鑫,等. 基于圆形标志点的深空探测全景相机标定方法[J]. 光学学报, 2013, 33(11):139-145.WU F L, LIU J J, REN X, et al. Deep space exploration panoramic camera calibration technique based on circular markers [J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2013, 33(11): 139-145.
[16] 黄海波, 陈晶, 左韬,等. 高精度智能相机光电跟踪控制系统的研制[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2011, 32(1):107-112.HUANG H B, CHEN J, ZUO T, et al. Development of photoelectric tracking control system with high-precision intelligent camera [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2011, 32(1): 107-112.
[2] 李灵杰, 韩晶, 李栋. 基于PVDF与应变模态差梁型结构裂纹检测[J]. 国外电子测量技术, 2018,37(6):71-74.LI L J, HAN J, LI D. Crack defection for beam structures based on the difference of strain mode using PVDF sensors [J]. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 2018,37(6):71-74.
[3] 何凯, 曾捷, 林秋红,等. 空间伸展结构变形与振动分布式光纤监测研究[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2018,39(2):56-65.HE K, ZENG J, LIN Q H, et al. Research on spatial deployable structure deformation and vibration monitoring with distributed optical fiber [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2018,39(2):56-65.
[4] BUSCA G, CIGADA A, MAZZOLENI P, et al. Vibration monitoring of multiple bridge points by means of a unique vision-based measuring system [J]. Experimental Mechanics, 2014, 54(2): 255-271.
[5] YE X W, YI T H, DONG C Z, et al. Multi-point displacement monitoring of bridges using a vision-based approach [J]. Wind & Structures an International Journal, 2015, 20(2): 315-326.
[6] FENG D, FENG M Q, OZER E, et al. A vision-based sensor for noncontact structural displacement measurement [J]. Sensors, 2015, 15(7): 16557-16575.
[7] AOYAMA T, LI L, JIANG M, et al. Vibration sensing of a bridge model using a multithread active vision system [J]. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 2017, PP(99): 1.
[8] 伍济钢, 王刚, 蒋勉,等. 光流点匹配跟踪的薄壁件振动模态测试方法[J]. 电子测量与仪器学报, 2017,31(6):850-858.WU J G, WANG G, JIANG M, et al. Vibration modal measurement method for thin-walled parts using optical flow point matching and tracking [J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, 2017,31(6): 850-858.
[9] QIU Z C, ZHANG X T, ZHANG X M, et al. A vision-based vibration sensing and active control for a piezoelectric flexible cantilever plate [J]. Journal of Vibration & Control, 2016, 22(5): 1320-1337.
[10] 许畅, 王聪, 高晶波,等. 基于摄像测量法的在轨柔性结构模态参数辨识[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2014, 46(11):17-23.XU CH, WANG C, GAO J B, et al. Videogrammetric based modal identification of on-orbit flexible structures [J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2014, 46(11): 17-23.
[11] 富帅, 张丽艳, 叶南,等. 面向大型工件现场测量的光笔式视觉测量系统[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2015, 36(2):430-438.FU SH, ZHANG L Y, YE N, et al. Light pen based on-site vision measurement system for large workpieces [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2015, 36(2): 430-438.
[12] 张益昕, 王顺, 张旭苹. 大尺度三维视觉测量中的离焦模糊图像恢复[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2010, 31(12):2748-2753.ZHANG Y X, WANG SH, ZHANG X P. Defocused blur image restoration in large scale 3D vision measurement [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2010, 31(12): 2748-2753.
[13] 杨浩, 蔡宁, 林斌,等. 适用于离焦状态相机的相位编码标定方法[J]. 光电工程, 2018(7):85-93.YANG H, CAI N, LIN B, et al. Camera calibration method based on phase encoding for out-of-focus condition [J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2018(7):85-93.
[14] 郝颖明, 朱枫. 目标中心定位方法对位姿测量结果的影响分析[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2007, 28(增刊1):1-6.HAO Y M, ZHU F. Analysis of the influence of the object center localization method on pose estimation [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2007, 28(Suppl.1): 1-6.
[15] 吴凡路, 刘建军, 任鑫,等. 基于圆形标志点的深空探测全景相机标定方法[J]. 光学学报, 2013, 33(11):139-145.WU F L, LIU J J, REN X, et al. Deep space exploration panoramic camera calibration technique based on circular markers [J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2013, 33(11): 139-145.
[16] 黄海波, 陈晶, 左韬,等. 高精度智能相机光电跟踪控制系统的研制[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2011, 32(1):107-112.HUANG H B, CHEN J, ZUO T, et al. Development of photoelectric tracking control system with high-precision intelligent camera [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2011, 32(1): 107-112.