我国设施园艺生产作业装备发展浅析
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摘要
荷兰等设施园艺技术先进国家通过高投入、高产出、高效益的理念,走出了一条先进、高效的设施园艺生产路线。我国设施园艺近年也得到了快速发展,设施园艺种植面积逐年增加,目前在世界的占比已达80%以上。但是,与荷兰、美国、以色列等先进国家的设施园艺生产相比,我国园艺设施90%以上为简易温室,种植对象90%以上是蔬菜,设施生产技术水平低、产出效益低,设施园艺的技术优势未能有效发挥。本文针对园艺生产设施内种苗生产、无土栽培生产等方面相关的机械化、自动化生产装备发展现状进行分析,总结了我国设施园艺生产特点、生产装备的发展现状及存在的问题,并对我国设施园艺生产作业装备的发展提出了建议。
The Netherlands and other advanced countries of facility horticulture technology have developed an advanced and efficient production road map of facility horticulture through the concept of high input, high output and high efficiency. Facility horticulture in China has also developed rapidly in recent years, and the planting area of facility horticulture has increased year by year. At present, the proportion of facility horticulture in the world is more than 80%. However, compared with the facilities horticulture production in the Netherlands, the United States, Israel and other advanced countries, more than 90% of the facilities horticulture is simple greenhouse, and more than 90% of the plants are vegetables. The technology level of facilities horticulture is low and the output efficiency is unsatisfactory, so the technical advantages of facilities horticulture can not be effectively brought into play. In this paper, the development of mechanized and automated production equipment related to seedling production and soilless cultivation production in horticultural production facilities was analyzed. The situation of facility horticultural production, the development status and existing problems of production equipment in China were summarized. Finally suggestions were put forward for the development of facility horticultural production equipment in China.
The Netherlands and other advanced countries of facility horticulture technology have developed an advanced and efficient production road map of facility horticulture through the concept of high input, high output and high efficiency. Facility horticulture in China has also developed rapidly in recent years, and the planting area of facility horticulture has increased year by year. At present, the proportion of facility horticulture in the world is more than 80%. However, compared with the facilities horticulture production in the Netherlands, the United States, Israel and other advanced countries, more than 90% of the facilities horticulture is simple greenhouse, and more than 90% of the plants are vegetables. The technology level of facilities horticulture is low and the output efficiency is unsatisfactory, so the technical advantages of facilities horticulture can not be effectively brought into play. In this paper, the development of mechanized and automated production equipment related to seedling production and soilless cultivation production in horticultural production facilities was analyzed. The situation of facility horticultural production, the development status and existing problems of production equipment in China were summarized. Finally suggestions were put forward for the development of facility horticultural production equipment in China.
引文
[1]齐飞,魏晓明,张跃峰.中国设施园艺装备技术发展现状与未来研究方向[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(24):1-9.
[2]杨其长.供给侧改革下的设施园艺将如何发展[J].中国农村科技,2016(05):40-43.
[3]郭世荣,孙锦,束胜,等.我国设施园艺概况及发展趋势[J].中国蔬菜,2012(18):1-14.
[4]蒋卫杰,邓杰,余宏军.设施园艺发展概况、存在问题与产业发展建议[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(17):3515-3523.
[5]辜松,杨艳丽,张跃峰,等.荷兰蔬菜种苗生产装备系统发展现状及对中国的启示[J].农业工程学报,2013(14):185-194.
[6]辜松,杨艳丽,张跃峰.荷兰温室盆花自动化生产装备系统的发展现状[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(19):1-8.
[7]辜松.设施园艺装备化作业生产现状及发展建议[J].农业工程技术,2018,38(04):10-15.
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[16]辜松,张跃峰,丁小明,等.实用主义指引的设施园艺工厂化--美国设施园艺产业考察纪[J].农业工程技术,2016,36(01):68-74.
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[18]贺冬仙.日本人工光型植物工厂技术进展与典型案例[J].农业工程技术,2016,36(13):21-23.
[19]韩益.国际交流推进设施园艺技术水平2017国际设施园艺大会在京举办[N].中国花卉报,2017-09-04
[20]喻景权,周杰.“十二五”我国设施蔬菜生产和科技进展及其展望.中国蔬菜.2016(09):18-30.
[21]张真和,马兆红.我国设施蔬菜产业概况与“十三五”发展重点.中国蔬菜,2017(05):1-5.
[22]罗锡文.对我国农机科技创新的思考.现代农业装备.2018(01):12-17.
[23]孙琳岚.花卉生产经营及其对农民收入的影响分析--基于云南省和广东省的调查数据[J].安徽农学通报,2009(09):163-164,150.
[24]田志宏,祝华军.我国设施农业种植结构调整方向分析--以蔬菜、花卉生产为例.农业技术经济,2003(05):14-17.
[25]侯媛媛.我国蔬菜供需平衡研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[2]杨其长.供给侧改革下的设施园艺将如何发展[J].中国农村科技,2016(05):40-43.
[3]郭世荣,孙锦,束胜,等.我国设施园艺概况及发展趋势[J].中国蔬菜,2012(18):1-14.
[4]蒋卫杰,邓杰,余宏军.设施园艺发展概况、存在问题与产业发展建议[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(17):3515-3523.
[5]辜松,杨艳丽,张跃峰,等.荷兰蔬菜种苗生产装备系统发展现状及对中国的启示[J].农业工程学报,2013(14):185-194.
[6]辜松,杨艳丽,张跃峰.荷兰温室盆花自动化生产装备系统的发展现状[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(19):1-8.
[7]辜松.设施园艺装备化作业生产现状及发展建议[J].农业工程技术,2018,38(04):10-15.
[8]辜松.设施园艺现代生产装备与技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2015.
[9]杨艳丽,江海宇,杨丹彤,等.水培叶菜自动化生产系统.现在农业装备[J],2016(03):35-37,44.
[10]辜松.对话辜松:我国水培蔬菜机械设备现状[J].现在农业装备,2016(05):19-21.
[11]张跃峰,吕亚军,杨艳丽,等.温室盆栽花卉悬挂栽培系统开发[J].现在农业装备,2019(03):51-53,64.
[12]杨艳丽,江海宇,杨丹彤,等.叶菜种苗移植机器人开发[J].现在农业装备,2016(03):20-23.
[13]黄森林,梁志伟,黄文杰,等.盆花包装机的开发[J].现代农业装备.2014(06):41-45.
[14]徐祥朋,李恺,杨艳丽,等.立体栽培生产线系统开发[J].现代农业装备.2014(06):46-49.
[15]李咏梅,任军,刘慧涛,等.以色列“水肥一体化”技术简介与启示[J].吉林农业科学,2014,39(03):91-93.
[16]辜松,张跃峰,丁小明,等.实用主义指引的设施园艺工厂化--美国设施园艺产业考察纪[J].农业工程技术,2016,36(01):68-74.
[17]辜松.蔬菜工厂化生产装备与技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.
[18]贺冬仙.日本人工光型植物工厂技术进展与典型案例[J].农业工程技术,2016,36(13):21-23.
[19]韩益.国际交流推进设施园艺技术水平2017国际设施园艺大会在京举办[N].中国花卉报,2017-09-04
[20]喻景权,周杰.“十二五”我国设施蔬菜生产和科技进展及其展望.中国蔬菜.2016(09):18-30.
[21]张真和,马兆红.我国设施蔬菜产业概况与“十三五”发展重点.中国蔬菜,2017(05):1-5.
[22]罗锡文.对我国农机科技创新的思考.现代农业装备.2018(01):12-17.
[23]孙琳岚.花卉生产经营及其对农民收入的影响分析--基于云南省和广东省的调查数据[J].安徽农学通报,2009(09):163-164,150.
[24]田志宏,祝华军.我国设施农业种植结构调整方向分析--以蔬菜、花卉生产为例.农业技术经济,2003(05):14-17.
[25]侯媛媛.我国蔬菜供需平衡研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.