基于VSG技术的微电网储能荷电状态控制策略
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摘要
储能设备作为虚拟同步机(virtual synchronous generator,VSG)的重要组成部分,能够提供惯性功率以保证VSG及时响应电网功率和频率波动。针对基于储能VSG的变换器控制策略,在频率调节的基础上考虑储能荷电状态对有功功率指令的影响,引入功率占比函数调节以上两种功率值在有功指令中占比以避免储能单元的过充过放,以储能充放电超限功率最小为目标函数,结合功率预测使用遗传–模拟退火算法设计VSG有功指令中功率占比函数。在MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台搭建仿真模型,验证了所提控制策略能够避免荷电状态超限,保证VSG的频率调节能力,实现微电网长期稳定运行。
As an important part of virtual synchronous generator(VSG), energy storage system can provide inertia to ensure VSG responding power and frequency fluctuation of microgrid in good time. A control strategy of inverter based on VSG is proposed in this paper. The SOC(state of charge) of storage is added to active power instruction of VSG based on its basic active power control algorithm. A power duty ratio function is designed to coordinate above two regulations to avoid overcharge or over-discharge of energy storage system. The function is designed by combining power prediction with genetic simulated annealing algorithm. The objective function is minimization of the transfinite power of charge and discharge. Simulation model built in MATLAB/Simulink platform verifies effectiveness of the proposed strategy, realizing storage state control and ensuring frequency regulation of the VSG and long-term stable operation of the microgrid.
As an important part of virtual synchronous generator(VSG), energy storage system can provide inertia to ensure VSG responding power and frequency fluctuation of microgrid in good time. A control strategy of inverter based on VSG is proposed in this paper. The SOC(state of charge) of storage is added to active power instruction of VSG based on its basic active power control algorithm. A power duty ratio function is designed to coordinate above two regulations to avoid overcharge or over-discharge of energy storage system. The function is designed by combining power prediction with genetic simulated annealing algorithm. The objective function is minimization of the transfinite power of charge and discharge. Simulation model built in MATLAB/Simulink platform verifies effectiveness of the proposed strategy, realizing storage state control and ensuring frequency regulation of the VSG and long-term stable operation of the microgrid.
引文
[1]Zhong Q C.Virtual synchronous machines-a unified interface for smart grid integration[J].IEEE Power Electronics Magazine,2016,3(4):18-27.
[2]Beck H P,Hesse R.Virtual synchronous machine[C]//The 9th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation.Barcelona:IEEE,2007:1-6.
[3]Zhong Q C,Nguyen P L,Ma Z.Self-synchronized synchronverters:inverters without a dedicated synchronization unit[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(2),617-630.
[4]邹蕴韬,张海涛,刘春阳,等.新型虚拟同步发电机控制方法及其暂态过程自适应控制策略[J].电网技术,2018,42(3):933-941.Zou Yuntao,Zhang Haitao,Liu Chunyang,et al.A control approach of novel virtual synchronous generator and an adaptive control strategy for its transient process[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(3):933-941(in Chinese).
[5]吕志鹏,盛万兴,钟庆昌,等.虚拟同步发电机及其在微电网中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2591-2603.LüZhipeng,Sheng Wanxing,Zhong Qingchang,et al.Virtual synchronous generator and its applications in micro-grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2591-2603(in Chinese).
[6]吴恒,阮新波,杨东升,等.虚拟同步发电机功率环的建模与参数设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(24):6508-6518.Wu Heng,Ruan Xinbo,Yang Dongsheng,et al.Modeling of the power loop and parameter design of virtual synchronous generators[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(24):6508-6518(in Chinese).
[7]阳建,刘勇,盘宏斌,等.基于虚拟同步机的微网逆变器无频差控制[J].电网技术,2016,40(7):2001-2008.Yang Jian,Liu Yong,Pan Hongbin,et al.Method of frequent deviation-free control of microgrid inverter based on virtual synchronous generator control[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(7):2001-2008(in Chinese).
[8]李斌,周林,余希瑞,等.基于改进虚拟同步发电机算法的微网逆变器二次调频方案[J].电网技术,2017,41(8):2680-2687.Li Bin,Zhou Lin,Yu Xirui,et al.Secondary frequency regulation for microgrid inverters based on improving virtual synchronous generator[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(8):2680-2687(in Chinese).
[9]涂春鸣,杨义,兰征,等.含多虚拟同步发电机的微电网二次调频策略[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(10):2186-2195.Tu Chunming,Yang Yi,Lan Zheng,et al.Secondary frequency regulation strategy in microgrid based on VSG[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(10):2186-2195(in Chinese).
[10]袁敞,刘昌,赵天扬,等.基于储能物理约束的虚拟同步机运行边界研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):506-516.Yuan Chang,Liu Chang,Zhao Tianyang,et al.Research on operating boundary of virtual synchronous machine based on physical constraint of energy storage system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):506-516(in Chinese).
[11]刘海涛,邱丽君,兰征,等.引入储能单元的虚拟同步机研究[J].电源学报,2016,14(2):1-8.Liu Haitao,Qiu Lijun,Lan Zheng,et al.Study on virtual synchronous generator with storage unit[J].Journal of Power Supply,2016,14(2):1-8(in Chinese).
[12]曾正,邵伟华,冉立,等.虚拟同步发电机的模型及储能单元优化配置[J].电力系统自动化,2015,31(13):22-31.Zeng Zheng,Shao Weihua,Ran Li,et al.Mathematical model and strategic energy storage selection of virtual synchronous generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,31(13):22-31(in Chinese).
[13]李相俊,张晶琼,何宇婷,等.基于自适应动态规划的储能系统优化控制方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1355-1362.Li Xiangjun,Zhang Jingqiong,He Yuting,et al.Optimal control method of energy storage system based on adaptive dynamic programming[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(5):1355-1362(in Chinese).
[14]丁明,吴建锋,朱承治,等.具备荷电状态调节功能的储能系统实时平滑控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(1):22-29.Ding Ming,Wu Jianfeng,Zhu Chengzhi,et al.A real-time smoothing control strategy with SOC adjustment function of storage systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(1):22-29(in Chinese).
[15]林岩,张建成.含虚拟同步发电机的光/柴/储独立微网控制策略[J].电网技术,2017,41(4):1277-1284.Lin Yan,Zhang Jiancheng.Control strategy of islanded photovoltaicdiesel-storage microgrid with virtual synchronous generator[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(4):1277-1284(in Chinese).
[16]胡超,张兴,石荣亮,等.独立微电网中基于自适应权重系数的VSG协调控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):516-525.Hu Chao,Zhang Xing,Shi Rongliang,et al.VSG coordinated control based on adaptive weight factors in islanded microgrids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):516-525(in Chinese).
[17]曾正,赵荣祥,汤胜清,等.可再生能源分散接入用先进并网逆变器研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(24):1-12,21.Zeng Zheng,Zhao Rongxiang,Tang Shengqing,et al.An overview on advanced grid-connected inverters used for decentralized renewable energy resources[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(24):1-12,21(in Chinese).
[18]毕锐,吴建锋,丁明,等.孤立微网多元储能与柴油发电机协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(17):73-79,97.Bi Rui,Wu Jianfeng,Ding Ming,et al.A cooperative control strategy for standalone microgrid consisting of multi-storage and diesel generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(17):73-79,97(in Chinese).
[19]王德文,孙志伟.电力用户侧大数据分析与并行负荷预测[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(3):527-537.Wang Dewen,Sun Zhiwei.Big data analysis and parallel load forecasting of electric power user side[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(3):527-537(in Chinese).
[20]王保义,赵硕,张少敏.基于云计算和极限学习机的分布式电力负荷预测算法[J].电网技术,2014,38(2):526-531.Wang Baoyi,Zhao Shuo,Zhang Shaomin.A distributed load forecasting algorithm based on cloud computing and extreme learning machine[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(2):526-531(in Chinese).
[21]钟清,孙闻,余南华,等.主动配电网规划中的负荷预测与发电预测[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(19):3050-3056.Zhong Qing,Sun Wen,YüNanhua,et al.Load and power forecasting in active distribution network planning[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(19):3050-3056(in Chinese).
[22]李吉祥,赵晋斌,屈克庆,等.考虑SOC特性的微电网VSG运行参数边界分析[J].电网技术,2018,42(5):1451-1457.Li Jixiang,Zhao Jinbin,QüKeqing,et al.Boundary analysis of operation parameters of microgrid VSG considering SOCcharacteristics[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(5):1451-1457(in Chinese).
[23]Abdelkafi A,Masmoudi A,Krichen L.Assisted power management of a stand-alone renewable multi-source system[J].Energy,2018(145):195-205.
[2]Beck H P,Hesse R.Virtual synchronous machine[C]//The 9th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation.Barcelona:IEEE,2007:1-6.
[3]Zhong Q C,Nguyen P L,Ma Z.Self-synchronized synchronverters:inverters without a dedicated synchronization unit[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(2),617-630.
[4]邹蕴韬,张海涛,刘春阳,等.新型虚拟同步发电机控制方法及其暂态过程自适应控制策略[J].电网技术,2018,42(3):933-941.Zou Yuntao,Zhang Haitao,Liu Chunyang,et al.A control approach of novel virtual synchronous generator and an adaptive control strategy for its transient process[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(3):933-941(in Chinese).
[5]吕志鹏,盛万兴,钟庆昌,等.虚拟同步发电机及其在微电网中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2591-2603.LüZhipeng,Sheng Wanxing,Zhong Qingchang,et al.Virtual synchronous generator and its applications in micro-grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2591-2603(in Chinese).
[6]吴恒,阮新波,杨东升,等.虚拟同步发电机功率环的建模与参数设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(24):6508-6518.Wu Heng,Ruan Xinbo,Yang Dongsheng,et al.Modeling of the power loop and parameter design of virtual synchronous generators[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(24):6508-6518(in Chinese).
[7]阳建,刘勇,盘宏斌,等.基于虚拟同步机的微网逆变器无频差控制[J].电网技术,2016,40(7):2001-2008.Yang Jian,Liu Yong,Pan Hongbin,et al.Method of frequent deviation-free control of microgrid inverter based on virtual synchronous generator control[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(7):2001-2008(in Chinese).
[8]李斌,周林,余希瑞,等.基于改进虚拟同步发电机算法的微网逆变器二次调频方案[J].电网技术,2017,41(8):2680-2687.Li Bin,Zhou Lin,Yu Xirui,et al.Secondary frequency regulation for microgrid inverters based on improving virtual synchronous generator[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(8):2680-2687(in Chinese).
[9]涂春鸣,杨义,兰征,等.含多虚拟同步发电机的微电网二次调频策略[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(10):2186-2195.Tu Chunming,Yang Yi,Lan Zheng,et al.Secondary frequency regulation strategy in microgrid based on VSG[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(10):2186-2195(in Chinese).
[10]袁敞,刘昌,赵天扬,等.基于储能物理约束的虚拟同步机运行边界研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):506-516.Yuan Chang,Liu Chang,Zhao Tianyang,et al.Research on operating boundary of virtual synchronous machine based on physical constraint of energy storage system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):506-516(in Chinese).
[11]刘海涛,邱丽君,兰征,等.引入储能单元的虚拟同步机研究[J].电源学报,2016,14(2):1-8.Liu Haitao,Qiu Lijun,Lan Zheng,et al.Study on virtual synchronous generator with storage unit[J].Journal of Power Supply,2016,14(2):1-8(in Chinese).
[12]曾正,邵伟华,冉立,等.虚拟同步发电机的模型及储能单元优化配置[J].电力系统自动化,2015,31(13):22-31.Zeng Zheng,Shao Weihua,Ran Li,et al.Mathematical model and strategic energy storage selection of virtual synchronous generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,31(13):22-31(in Chinese).
[13]李相俊,张晶琼,何宇婷,等.基于自适应动态规划的储能系统优化控制方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1355-1362.Li Xiangjun,Zhang Jingqiong,He Yuting,et al.Optimal control method of energy storage system based on adaptive dynamic programming[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(5):1355-1362(in Chinese).
[14]丁明,吴建锋,朱承治,等.具备荷电状态调节功能的储能系统实时平滑控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(1):22-29.Ding Ming,Wu Jianfeng,Zhu Chengzhi,et al.A real-time smoothing control strategy with SOC adjustment function of storage systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(1):22-29(in Chinese).
[15]林岩,张建成.含虚拟同步发电机的光/柴/储独立微网控制策略[J].电网技术,2017,41(4):1277-1284.Lin Yan,Zhang Jiancheng.Control strategy of islanded photovoltaicdiesel-storage microgrid with virtual synchronous generator[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(4):1277-1284(in Chinese).
[16]胡超,张兴,石荣亮,等.独立微电网中基于自适应权重系数的VSG协调控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):516-525.Hu Chao,Zhang Xing,Shi Rongliang,et al.VSG coordinated control based on adaptive weight factors in islanded microgrids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):516-525(in Chinese).
[17]曾正,赵荣祥,汤胜清,等.可再生能源分散接入用先进并网逆变器研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(24):1-12,21.Zeng Zheng,Zhao Rongxiang,Tang Shengqing,et al.An overview on advanced grid-connected inverters used for decentralized renewable energy resources[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(24):1-12,21(in Chinese).
[18]毕锐,吴建锋,丁明,等.孤立微网多元储能与柴油发电机协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(17):73-79,97.Bi Rui,Wu Jianfeng,Ding Ming,et al.A cooperative control strategy for standalone microgrid consisting of multi-storage and diesel generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(17):73-79,97(in Chinese).
[19]王德文,孙志伟.电力用户侧大数据分析与并行负荷预测[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(3):527-537.Wang Dewen,Sun Zhiwei.Big data analysis and parallel load forecasting of electric power user side[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(3):527-537(in Chinese).
[20]王保义,赵硕,张少敏.基于云计算和极限学习机的分布式电力负荷预测算法[J].电网技术,2014,38(2):526-531.Wang Baoyi,Zhao Shuo,Zhang Shaomin.A distributed load forecasting algorithm based on cloud computing and extreme learning machine[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(2):526-531(in Chinese).
[21]钟清,孙闻,余南华,等.主动配电网规划中的负荷预测与发电预测[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(19):3050-3056.Zhong Qing,Sun Wen,YüNanhua,et al.Load and power forecasting in active distribution network planning[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(19):3050-3056(in Chinese).
[22]李吉祥,赵晋斌,屈克庆,等.考虑SOC特性的微电网VSG运行参数边界分析[J].电网技术,2018,42(5):1451-1457.Li Jixiang,Zhao Jinbin,QüKeqing,et al.Boundary analysis of operation parameters of microgrid VSG considering SOCcharacteristics[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(5):1451-1457(in Chinese).
[23]Abdelkafi A,Masmoudi A,Krichen L.Assisted power management of a stand-alone renewable multi-source system[J].Energy,2018(145):195-205.