滇池流域富磷退化山区主要优势植物对土壤酶活性的影响
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摘要
为了了解富磷山地不同生活型植物对土壤主要酶活性的影响,选取滇池流域富磷退化山区5种常见优势植物(云南松、蔗茅、白茅、马桑和紫茎泽兰),采集其根区土与根际土,分析了不同土壤酶活性。结果表明:云南松影响下的根区土及根际土脲酶活性最高,分别为0.99,2.60 mg/(g·d);紫茎泽兰影响下的土壤蛋白酶活性最高,为312.39μg/(g·d),但蔗茅、白茅及紫茎泽兰之间差异并不显著;云南松根区土及紫茎泽兰根际土纤维素酶活性最高,分别为0.81,2.12 mg/(g·3 d);5种植物其土壤酸性及碱性磷酸酶活性变化较小。通过根际效应比较发现5种植物对脲酶和纤维素酶的根际效应相对较强,其次为蛋白酶,最弱的为酸性磷酸酶及碱性磷酸酶。结合植物对根区土及根际土酶活性的影响进行了综合效应比较,5种植物高低顺序依次为云南松>白茅>紫茎泽兰>马桑>蔗茅。土壤酶活性高低一方面说明植物对土壤生物性质的影响,另一方面也反映了植物对立地环境的适应方式,因此,评价植物在富磷退化山区的恢复潜力,还应结合植物对土壤理化性质、生态水文过程及在群落构建过程中的作用等进行综合评价。
In order to understand the effects of dominant species on soil enzyme activity in the phosphorus-enriched degraded mountain area, five different dominant species(Pinus yunnanensis, Erianthus rockii, Coriaria nepalensis, Imperata cylindrica and Eupatorium adenophorum) were selected to measure the main soil enzyme activities in root-zone soil and rhizosphere soil. The results showed that the urease activities of P. yunnanensis in root-zone [0.99 mg/(g·d)] and rhizosphere soil [2.60 mg/(g·d)] were the highest. E. adenophorum protease activities [312.39 μg/(g·d)] displayed the highest in rhizosphere soil. The cellulase activities were the highest in root-zone soil of P. yunnanensis [0.81 mg/(g·3 d)] and in rhizosphere soil of E. adenophorum [2.12 mg/(g·3 d)]. The phosphatase activites of five species in root-zone soil and rhizosphere soil slightly changed. Comparing the rhizosphere effect, we found that the rhizosphere effects of five species on urease and cellulase were relatively strong, followed by protease, and the rhizosphere effects on phosphatase were weakest. According to the effects of species on root-zone soil and rhizosphere soil enzyme activities, the order of the comprehensive effects displayed the sequence: P. yunnanensis>I. cylindrica>E. adenophorum>C. nepalensis>E. rockii. Soil enzyme activity not only illustrates the impact of plants on soil biological properties but also reflects the ways of plant adaptation to environment. Therefore, the evaluation of plant recovery potential in the plosphorus-enriched degradation mountainous area should combine with other aspects, such as the effects on soil physical and chemical properties, eco-hydrological processes and the role in the community assembly process.
In order to understand the effects of dominant species on soil enzyme activity in the phosphorus-enriched degraded mountain area, five different dominant species(Pinus yunnanensis, Erianthus rockii, Coriaria nepalensis, Imperata cylindrica and Eupatorium adenophorum) were selected to measure the main soil enzyme activities in root-zone soil and rhizosphere soil. The results showed that the urease activities of P. yunnanensis in root-zone [0.99 mg/(g·d)] and rhizosphere soil [2.60 mg/(g·d)] were the highest. E. adenophorum protease activities [312.39 μg/(g·d)] displayed the highest in rhizosphere soil. The cellulase activities were the highest in root-zone soil of P. yunnanensis [0.81 mg/(g·3 d)] and in rhizosphere soil of E. adenophorum [2.12 mg/(g·3 d)]. The phosphatase activites of five species in root-zone soil and rhizosphere soil slightly changed. Comparing the rhizosphere effect, we found that the rhizosphere effects of five species on urease and cellulase were relatively strong, followed by protease, and the rhizosphere effects on phosphatase were weakest. According to the effects of species on root-zone soil and rhizosphere soil enzyme activities, the order of the comprehensive effects displayed the sequence: P. yunnanensis>I. cylindrica>E. adenophorum>C. nepalensis>E. rockii. Soil enzyme activity not only illustrates the impact of plants on soil biological properties but also reflects the ways of plant adaptation to environment. Therefore, the evaluation of plant recovery potential in the plosphorus-enriched degradation mountainous area should combine with other aspects, such as the effects on soil physical and chemical properties, eco-hydrological processes and the role in the community assembly process.
引文
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[18] 董明哲,陈香碧,冯书珍,等.红壤丘陵区典型农田土壤秸秆还田后纤维素降解特征及其影响因素[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(7):1834-1841.
[19] 罗蓉,杨苗,余旋,等.沙棘人工林土壤微生物群落结构及酶活性的季节变化[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(4):1163-1169.
[20] Olander L P,Vitousek P M.Regulation of soil phosphatase and chitinase activityby N and P availability[J].Biogeochemistry (Dordrecht),2000,49(2):175-191.
[21] 潘超美,杨风,蓝佩玲,等.南亚热带赤红壤地区不同人工林下的土壤微生物特性[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1998,6(2):158-165.
[22] Kourtev P S,Ehrenfeld J G,Huang W Z.Enzyme activities during litter decomposition of two exotic and two native plant species in hardwood forests of New Jersey[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2002,34(9):1207-1218.
[23] Fraser T D,Lynch D H,Gaiero J,et al.Quantification of bacterial non-specific acid (phoC) and alkaline (phoD) phosphatase genes in bulk and rhizosphere soil from organically managed soybean fields[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2017,111(Complete):48-56.
[24] Phillips R P,Fahey T J.Tree species and mycorrhizal associations influence the magnitude of rhizosphere effects [J].Ecology,2006,87(5):1302-1313.
[25] 戴莲,李会娜,蒋智林,等.外来植物紫茎泽兰入侵对根际土壤有益功能细菌群、酶活性和肥力的影响[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(2):237-242.
[2] Alkorta I,Aizpurua A,Riga P,et al.Soil enzyme activities as biological indicators of soil health[J].Reviews on Environmental Health,2003,18(1):65-73.
[3] Shackle V,Freeman C,Reynolds B.Exogenous enzyme supplements to promote treatment efficiency in constructed wetlands[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,361(1/3):18-24.
[4] Zuber S M,María B.Villamil.Meta-analysis approach to assess effect of tillage on microbial biomass and enzyme activities[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2016,97:176-187.
[5] Vasconcellos R L F,Bonfim J A,Andreote F D,et al.Microbiological indicators of soil quality in a riparian forest recovery gradient[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,53(3):313-320.
[6] Veum K S,Goyne K W,Kremer R J,et al.Biological indicators of soil quality and soil organic matter characteristics in an agricultural management continuum[J].Biogeochemistry,2014,117(1):81-99.
[7] Ciarkowska K,Solek-Podwika K,Wieczorek J.Enzyme activity as an indicator of soil-rehabilitation processes at a zinc and lead ore mining and processing area[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2014,132:250-256.
[8] 李静,蔚晓燕,唐明.黄土高原纸坊沟流域不同植物对土壤微生物生物量和土壤酶活性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(2):387-393.
[9] Treseder D K K.The effect of fire on microbial biomass:a meta-analysis of field studies[J].Biogeochemistry,2012,109(1/3):49-61.
[10] 关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[11] 阎凯,付登高,何峰,等.滇池流域富磷区不同土壤磷水平下植物叶片的养分化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(4):353-361.
[12] 付登高,何锋,郭震,等.滇池流域富磷区退化山地马桑—蔗茅植物群落的生态修复效能评价[J].植物生态学报,2013,37(4):326-334.
[13] 苏洁琼,李新荣,鲍婧婷.施氮对荒漠化草原土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(3):664-670.
[14] Darch T,Blackwell M S A,Chadwick D,et al.Assessment of bioavailable organic phosphorus in tropical forest soils by organic acid extraction and phosphatase hydrolysis[J].Geoderma,2016,284:93-102.
[15] 孙英杰,何成新,徐广平,等.广西十万大山南麓不同植被类型土壤酶活性[J].中国农学通报,2014(31):33-40.
[16] Kamimura Y,Hayano K.Properties of protease extracted from tea-field soil[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2000,30(4):351-355.
[17] Wang Q K,Wang S L,Liu Y X.Responses to N and P fertilization in a young Eucalyptus dunnii plantation:Microbial properties,enzyme activities and dissolved organic matter[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2008,40(3):484-490.
[18] 董明哲,陈香碧,冯书珍,等.红壤丘陵区典型农田土壤秸秆还田后纤维素降解特征及其影响因素[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(7):1834-1841.
[19] 罗蓉,杨苗,余旋,等.沙棘人工林土壤微生物群落结构及酶活性的季节变化[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(4):1163-1169.
[20] Olander L P,Vitousek P M.Regulation of soil phosphatase and chitinase activityby N and P availability[J].Biogeochemistry (Dordrecht),2000,49(2):175-191.
[21] 潘超美,杨风,蓝佩玲,等.南亚热带赤红壤地区不同人工林下的土壤微生物特性[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1998,6(2):158-165.
[22] Kourtev P S,Ehrenfeld J G,Huang W Z.Enzyme activities during litter decomposition of two exotic and two native plant species in hardwood forests of New Jersey[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2002,34(9):1207-1218.
[23] Fraser T D,Lynch D H,Gaiero J,et al.Quantification of bacterial non-specific acid (phoC) and alkaline (phoD) phosphatase genes in bulk and rhizosphere soil from organically managed soybean fields[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2017,111(Complete):48-56.
[24] Phillips R P,Fahey T J.Tree species and mycorrhizal associations influence the magnitude of rhizosphere effects [J].Ecology,2006,87(5):1302-1313.
[25] 戴莲,李会娜,蒋智林,等.外来植物紫茎泽兰入侵对根际土壤有益功能细菌群、酶活性和肥力的影响[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(2):237-242.
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