塔里木沙漠公路防护林土壤环境因子的根际效应
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摘要
选取塔里木沙漠公路防护林不同定植年限下3种灌木的根际和非根际土,比较研究了土壤物理、化学、生物因子的根际效应。结果表明:(1)除全氮和全磷外,20种土壤因子在3灌木根际土间差异极显著;(2)根际土的容重、全盐含量、有机质含量、全氮含量、速效氮磷钾含量、微生物代谢活性、脂肪酸含量和DNA片段多样性、微生物生物量碳氮磷和6种酶活性在不同年限林地间的差异极显著;(3)全氮含量、速效氮磷钾含量、微生物代谢活性、DNA片段多样性、微生物量碳和磷、纤维素酶和磷酸酶活性在不同树种与年限的交互效应上差异极显著;(4)微生物生物量碳氮磷的根际效应大小为柽柳>沙拐枣>梭梭,而不同树种各土壤养分因子和酶活性的根际效应大小并不一致。可见,几种荒漠灌木的定植促进了土壤养分转化,加速了沙漠防护林土壤的发育进程。
Rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soils from three shrub species of varying age in the Tarim Desert Highway shelter belt,namely Haloxylon sp.,Calligonum mongolicum,and Tamarix chinensis,differed in their physical,chemical,and biological properties.Of the 22 parameters studied,all except two(total nitrogen and total phosphorus)differed substantially among the three species;differed substantially with the age of the plants;and were affected significantly by the interaction between these two factors,namely species and age of the plantation.The parameters studied were as follows:available and total nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium;average well colour development;activity of six enzymes(catalase,cellulose,phosphatase,protease,sucrose,and urease);diversity of fatty acids and of DNA fragments;carbon,nitrogen,potassium,and organic matter contents of microbial biomass;moisture content;bulk density;and total salts.Raising a shelter belt of these desert shrubs accelerated the conversion of soil nutrients from their bound form into their available form and improved the soil of the desert shelter belt in several other ways.
Rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soils from three shrub species of varying age in the Tarim Desert Highway shelter belt,namely Haloxylon sp.,Calligonum mongolicum,and Tamarix chinensis,differed in their physical,chemical,and biological properties.Of the 22 parameters studied,all except two(total nitrogen and total phosphorus)differed substantially among the three species;differed substantially with the age of the plants;and were affected significantly by the interaction between these two factors,namely species and age of the plantation.The parameters studied were as follows:available and total nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium;average well colour development;activity of six enzymes(catalase,cellulose,phosphatase,protease,sucrose,and urease);diversity of fatty acids and of DNA fragments;carbon,nitrogen,potassium,and organic matter contents of microbial biomass;moisture content;bulk density;and total salts.Raising a shelter belt of these desert shrubs accelerated the conversion of soil nutrients from their bound form into their available form and improved the soil of the desert shelter belt in several other ways.
引文
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[13]李生宇,李红忠,雷加强,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠不同立地条件下咸水滴溉苗木的生长差异[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(3):118-122.
[14]周智彬,李培军,徐新文,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地对沙地盐分时空分布的影响[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(2):16-19.
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[20]刘任涛,朱凡.人工与自然恢复方式对流动沙地土壤与植被特征的影响[J].水土保持通报,2005,35(6):1-7.
[21]丁应祥.滨海土壤上杨树根际微区性状的研究[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,1996,20(2):15-19.
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[23]Ruan J Y,Zhang F S,Wang M H.Effect of nitrogen form and phosphorus source on the growth,nutrient uptake and rhizosphere soil property of Camellia sinensis L[J].Plant and Soil,2000,223:63-71.
[24]黄刚,赵学勇,张铜会,等.科尔沁沙地3种灌木根际土壤pH值及其养分状况[J].林业科学,2007,43(8):138-142.
[25]弋良朋,马健,李彦.荒漠盐生植物根际土壤盐分和养分特征[J].生态学报,2007,27(9):3565-3571.
[26]詹媛媛,薛梓瑜,任伟,等.干旱荒漠区不同灌木根际与非根际土壤氮素的含量特征[J].生态学报,2009,29(1):59-66.
[27]周桔,雷霆.土壤微生物多样性影响因素及研究方法的现状与展望[J].生物多样性,2007,15(3):306-311.
[28]戴雅婷,闫志坚,王慧,等.油蒿根际土壤微生物数量及其与土壤养分的关系[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(2):71-75.
[29]王天龙,朱天辉,朴春根,等.鄂尔多斯固定、半固定沙丘固沙植物根际微生物区系研究[J].四川农业大学学报,2007,25(3):300-305.
[30]罗明,单娜娜,文启凯,等.几种固沙植物根际土壤微生物特性研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,2002,8(6):618-622.
[31]王永福,赵学勇,王少昆,等.科尔沁沙地两种固沙灌木林地土壤理化性质和酶活性比较[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(4):937-941.
[32]樊盛菊,齐树亭,武洪庆,等.盐生植物根际对土壤中微生物数量和酶活性的影响[J].河北大学学报:自然科学版,2006,26(1):38-41.
[2]张学利,杨树军,张百习,等.不同林龄樟子松根际与非根际土壤的对比[J].福建林学院学报,2005,25(1):1-4.
[3]张丽珍,牛伟,牛宇,等.柠条对盐碱地植被组成及土壤特性的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):4693-4699.
[4]苏永中,赵哈林,张铜会.几种灌木、半灌木对沙地土壤肥力影响机制的研究[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(7):802-806.
[5]崔建国,蒋建,陆爱君,等.沙棘根际土壤有机质特征及转化酶活性的初步研究[J].辽宁林业科技,2005(2):9-11.
[6]韩艳洁,张秋良,袁秀英.花棒根际土壤微生物及土壤酶活性分析[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2012,33(2):255-259.
[7]李从娟,李彦,马健,等.干旱区植物根际土壤养分状况的对比研究[J].干旱区地理,2011,34(2):222-228.
[8]王震宇,赵芳芳,张保国,等.黄河三角洲湿地盐生植物氮和磷的根际效应[J].环境科学技术,2010,33(10):33-38.
[9]张颖娟,贺寅月,王斯琴花.西鄂尔多斯4种荒漠珍稀灌木根际土壤养分特征[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(2):52-55.
[10]王志,彭茹燕,王蕾,等.毛乌素沙地南缘改良与利用风沙土性质研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(2):14-17.
[11]曹成有,蒋德明,全贵静,等.科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿人工固沙区土壤理化性质的变化[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(6):108-112.
[12]郭柯,董学军,刘志茂.毛乌素沙地沙丘土壤含水量特点——兼论老固定沙丘上油蒿衰退原因[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(3):275-279.
[13]李生宇,李红忠,雷加强,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠不同立地条件下咸水滴溉苗木的生长差异[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(3):118-122.
[14]周智彬,李培军,徐新文,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地对沙地盐分时空分布的影响[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(2):16-19.
[15]刘久俊,方升佐,谢宝东,等.生物覆盖对杨树人工林根际土壤微生物、酶活性及林木生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(6):1204-1210.
[16]Calbrix R,Laval K,Barray S.Analysis of the potential functional diversity of the bacterial community in soil:a reproducible procedure using sole-carbon source utilization profiles[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2005,41:11-20.
[17]吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:55-88.
[18]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978.
[19]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[20]刘任涛,朱凡.人工与自然恢复方式对流动沙地土壤与植被特征的影响[J].水土保持通报,2005,35(6):1-7.
[21]丁应祥.滨海土壤上杨树根际微区性状的研究[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,1996,20(2):15-19.
[22]沈其荣,王建林.两种不同耐盐大麦根际中离子的分布特征[J].土壤学报,1993,30(4):366-373.
[23]Ruan J Y,Zhang F S,Wang M H.Effect of nitrogen form and phosphorus source on the growth,nutrient uptake and rhizosphere soil property of Camellia sinensis L[J].Plant and Soil,2000,223:63-71.
[24]黄刚,赵学勇,张铜会,等.科尔沁沙地3种灌木根际土壤pH值及其养分状况[J].林业科学,2007,43(8):138-142.
[25]弋良朋,马健,李彦.荒漠盐生植物根际土壤盐分和养分特征[J].生态学报,2007,27(9):3565-3571.
[26]詹媛媛,薛梓瑜,任伟,等.干旱荒漠区不同灌木根际与非根际土壤氮素的含量特征[J].生态学报,2009,29(1):59-66.
[27]周桔,雷霆.土壤微生物多样性影响因素及研究方法的现状与展望[J].生物多样性,2007,15(3):306-311.
[28]戴雅婷,闫志坚,王慧,等.油蒿根际土壤微生物数量及其与土壤养分的关系[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(2):71-75.
[29]王天龙,朱天辉,朴春根,等.鄂尔多斯固定、半固定沙丘固沙植物根际微生物区系研究[J].四川农业大学学报,2007,25(3):300-305.
[30]罗明,单娜娜,文启凯,等.几种固沙植物根际土壤微生物特性研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,2002,8(6):618-622.
[31]王永福,赵学勇,王少昆,等.科尔沁沙地两种固沙灌木林地土壤理化性质和酶活性比较[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(4):937-941.
[32]樊盛菊,齐树亭,武洪庆,等.盐生植物根际对土壤中微生物数量和酶活性的影响[J].河北大学学报:自然科学版,2006,26(1):38-41.
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