波斯菊9个品种的核型分析与比较
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摘要
采用常规压片法,以波斯菊的9个品种为研究材料进行其核型分析与比较,旨在为波斯菊种质资源的开发利用和良种培育提供细胞学依据。结果表明:(1)供试波斯菊的染色体数目均为2n=24,染色体数目稳定,未见异常染色体,染色体类型中含有m、sm和st 3个类型;(2)波斯菊的核型类型有1A和2A型,其矮秆均为1A型,高秆均为2A型;(3)最长与最短染色体比值范围为1.36-1.80,臂比大于2︰1的染色体占染色体总数的百分比范围是0%-25%,矮秆的2个品种臂比大于2︰1的染色体占染色体总数的百分比均为0;(4)核型不对称系数范围为58.44%-65.46%,核型的不对称程度较高,推测波斯菊的进化程度较为进化,其中‘喜悦'最原始,‘梦之蓝'最为进化;(5)不同品种波斯菊的核型公式有所差异,说明不同品种之间具有染色体遗传多样性。
For the purpose of utilization and germplasm breeding, the karyological analysis on 9 Cosmos bipinnata cultivars were conducted by conventional pressedslice method.The results showed that:(1) the chromosome number of calliopsis for the test was stable, each cultivars was mostly 2 n=24, no abnormal chromosomes was found,the chromosome types included m,sm and st.(2)The karyotype types contained 1 A and 2 A according to Stebbins classification criteria,the short rod were all type 1 A and the high rod were type 2 A;(3)The ratio of the longest chromosome and the shortest chromosome was 1.36-1.80,the percentage of chromosomes with arm ratio over 2 was 0%-25%,and the percentage of chromosomes in the two varieties of the short rod was 0;(4)The karyotype asymmetry index(As.K)were 58.44%-65.46%,which implied the karyotype of Cosmos bipinnata was asymmetry and evolutive.Among the cultivars,the karyotype of‘Xiyue'was the most primitive,and the karyotype of‘Mengzhilan'was the most evolutive;(5)The karyotype formulas of different cultivars were different,indicating that there are chromosomal genetic diversity among different cultivars.
For the purpose of utilization and germplasm breeding, the karyological analysis on 9 Cosmos bipinnata cultivars were conducted by conventional pressedslice method.The results showed that:(1) the chromosome number of calliopsis for the test was stable, each cultivars was mostly 2 n=24, no abnormal chromosomes was found,the chromosome types included m,sm and st.(2)The karyotype types contained 1 A and 2 A according to Stebbins classification criteria,the short rod were all type 1 A and the high rod were type 2 A;(3)The ratio of the longest chromosome and the shortest chromosome was 1.36-1.80,the percentage of chromosomes with arm ratio over 2 was 0%-25%,and the percentage of chromosomes in the two varieties of the short rod was 0;(4)The karyotype asymmetry index(As.K)were 58.44%-65.46%,which implied the karyotype of Cosmos bipinnata was asymmetry and evolutive.Among the cultivars,the karyotype of‘Xiyue'was the most primitive,and the karyotype of‘Mengzhilan'was the most evolutive;(5)The karyotype formulas of different cultivars were different,indicating that there are chromosomal genetic diversity among different cultivars.
引文
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[2]嵇云,张建军,李佩莲,等.植物生长延缓剂对波斯菊穴盘苗生长影响的初步研究[J].新疆农业科技,2009(5):43.
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[4]孙琪,廖康,耿文娟,等.新疆欧洲李种质资源染色体核型分析[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(6):1153-1159.
[5]鲁泽刚,李孟南,李国华,等.迪庆野生型百脉根的染色体制片优化与核型分析[J].西部林业科学,2017,46(4):101-106,120.
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[7]马梦茹,王英,庄南生,等.四个橡胶树主要栽培品种的核型分析[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2017,36(1):311-317.
[8]徐涛,况兆南,司马永康,等.木兰科小果含笑的核型分析[J].西部林业科学,2015,44(1):27-29,40.
[9]杜寿辉,徐涛,何素瑞,等.昆明地区波斯菊植物结实率及种子萌发特性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(28):15493-15494.
[10]潘永飞,戴忠良,潘叶飞,等.播种期对波斯菊结实和种子发芽率的影响[J].金陵科技学院学报,2009,25(2):64-67.
[11]张娟,杨玉想.大花波斯菊在北方地区的栽培与应用[J].现代园艺,2010(9):20.
[12]杨德奎,周俊英.山东10种植物的核型分析[J].广西植物,1999(4):349-354,395-397.
[13]张凡,张芹,龙双红.波斯菊核型分析[J].草业科学,2012,29(11):1715-1717.
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[15]Stebbins G L.Chromosomal evolution in higher plants[J].The American Biology Teacher,1972,34(5):290.
[16]Levan A,Fredya K,Sandberg A.Nomenclature for centrometic position on chromosomes[J].Hereditas,1964,52:201-220.
[17]Arano H.The Karyotypes and the speciations insubfamily Carduoideae of Japan[J].Japanese Journal of Botany,1965,19(3):31-67.
[18]张芳,邢世岩,韩晨静,等.叶籽银杏种质资源染色体核型分析及进化趋势[J].园艺学报,2011,38(12):2245-2252.
[19]李璇,段青,王祥宁,等.云南泸定百合12个野生居群的核型研究[J].园艺学报,2014,41(5):935-945.
[20]Zeng J H,Wang D X,Wu Y Q,et al.Karyotype analysis of gazania rigens varieties[J].Horticultural Plant Journal,2016,2(5):279-283.
[21]段永红,渠云芳,王玉庆,等.不同产地苦参核型及似近系数聚类分析[J].中国药学杂志,2014,49(14):1194-1199.
[22]贺士元.河北植物志(第三卷)[M].石家庄:河北科学技术出版社,1991:75-76.
[23]Thomas E M. Systematic studies in the Coreopsidinae:Cytotaxonomy of Mexican and Guatemalan Cosmos[J].American Journal of Botany,1968,55(3):345-353.
[24]董山平,罗乐,钟军珺,等.榆叶梅及其部分近缘种的染色体核型分析[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(3):608-613.
[25]李志,王梓辛,耿胜娟,等.菊科紫菀属3种植物的核型分析[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(6):1148-1152.
[2]嵇云,张建军,李佩莲,等.植物生长延缓剂对波斯菊穴盘苗生长影响的初步研究[J].新疆农业科技,2009(5):43.
[3]王少平,朱爱民.浸种对波斯菊种子发芽的影响[J].种子,2000(2):39-41.
[4]孙琪,廖康,耿文娟,等.新疆欧洲李种质资源染色体核型分析[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(6):1153-1159.
[5]鲁泽刚,李孟南,李国华,等.迪庆野生型百脉根的染色体制片优化与核型分析[J].西部林业科学,2017,46(4):101-106,120.
[6]吴海兰,王先宏,何丽莲,等.10个甘蔗品种染色体核型分析与比较[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(18):72-78.
[7]马梦茹,王英,庄南生,等.四个橡胶树主要栽培品种的核型分析[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2017,36(1):311-317.
[8]徐涛,况兆南,司马永康,等.木兰科小果含笑的核型分析[J].西部林业科学,2015,44(1):27-29,40.
[9]杜寿辉,徐涛,何素瑞,等.昆明地区波斯菊植物结实率及种子萌发特性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(28):15493-15494.
[10]潘永飞,戴忠良,潘叶飞,等.播种期对波斯菊结实和种子发芽率的影响[J].金陵科技学院学报,2009,25(2):64-67.
[11]张娟,杨玉想.大花波斯菊在北方地区的栽培与应用[J].现代园艺,2010(9):20.
[12]杨德奎,周俊英.山东10种植物的核型分析[J].广西植物,1999(4):349-354,395-397.
[13]张凡,张芹,龙双红.波斯菊核型分析[J].草业科学,2012,29(11):1715-1717.
[14]李懋学,陈瑞阳.关于植物核型分析的标准化问题[J].武汉植物学研究,1985(4):297-302.
[15]Stebbins G L.Chromosomal evolution in higher plants[J].The American Biology Teacher,1972,34(5):290.
[16]Levan A,Fredya K,Sandberg A.Nomenclature for centrometic position on chromosomes[J].Hereditas,1964,52:201-220.
[17]Arano H.The Karyotypes and the speciations insubfamily Carduoideae of Japan[J].Japanese Journal of Botany,1965,19(3):31-67.
[18]张芳,邢世岩,韩晨静,等.叶籽银杏种质资源染色体核型分析及进化趋势[J].园艺学报,2011,38(12):2245-2252.
[19]李璇,段青,王祥宁,等.云南泸定百合12个野生居群的核型研究[J].园艺学报,2014,41(5):935-945.
[20]Zeng J H,Wang D X,Wu Y Q,et al.Karyotype analysis of gazania rigens varieties[J].Horticultural Plant Journal,2016,2(5):279-283.
[21]段永红,渠云芳,王玉庆,等.不同产地苦参核型及似近系数聚类分析[J].中国药学杂志,2014,49(14):1194-1199.
[22]贺士元.河北植物志(第三卷)[M].石家庄:河北科学技术出版社,1991:75-76.
[23]Thomas E M. Systematic studies in the Coreopsidinae:Cytotaxonomy of Mexican and Guatemalan Cosmos[J].American Journal of Botany,1968,55(3):345-353.
[24]董山平,罗乐,钟军珺,等.榆叶梅及其部分近缘种的染色体核型分析[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(3):608-613.
[25]李志,王梓辛,耿胜娟,等.菊科紫菀属3种植物的核型分析[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(6):1148-1152.
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