化工流化床技术在铀燃料循环工业中的应用
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摘要
阐述了化工流化床技术在铀燃料循环工业各个过程中的具体应用,包括铀矿石浸析、铀化学转化、铀同位素富集、水堆燃料元件制备、高温气冷堆燃料元件制造、乏燃料后处理、铀燃料工业三废处理以及新型流化床核反应堆概念设计等过程。概述了各种应用流化床的类型和构造,结合具体应用过程评价了各种流化床的设计特性和优缺点,展望了流化床技术在铀燃料循环工业中的未来发展方向和广阔应用前景。指出必须结合我国核电快速发展的新趋势和新要求,加大针对铀燃料工业中的流化床应用技术研究,特别是气固流化床的基础研究工作。
The fluidized bed applications involved in all processes of the uranium fuel industry,including uranium ore leaching,the uranium chemical conversion,enrichment of uranium isotopes,fabrication process of fuel elements of water reactors and high temperature gas cooled reactors,spent fuel reprocessing,nuclear fuel industrial waste treatment,as well as the fluidized bed nuclear reactor design process,were introduced and reviewed.A variety of fluidized bed type,structure,and the advantages and disadvantages were summarized,the specific design processes of the fluidized bed were also included in this paper.The extensive applications of the fluidized bed in the uranium fuel industry and possible development area in the future were proposed.This paper is helpful in the development of better study on the scope and basis of the fluidized bed technology applications in the industry,and provides references to the interdisciplinary research in the uranium fuel industry.
The fluidized bed applications involved in all processes of the uranium fuel industry,including uranium ore leaching,the uranium chemical conversion,enrichment of uranium isotopes,fabrication process of fuel elements of water reactors and high temperature gas cooled reactors,spent fuel reprocessing,nuclear fuel industrial waste treatment,as well as the fluidized bed nuclear reactor design process,were introduced and reviewed.A variety of fluidized bed type,structure,and the advantages and disadvantages were summarized,the specific design processes of the fluidized bed were also included in this paper.The extensive applications of the fluidized bed in the uranium fuel industry and possible development area in the future were proposed.This paper is helpful in the development of better study on the scope and basis of the fluidized bed technology applications in the industry,and provides references to the interdisciplinary research in the uranium fuel industry.
引文
[1]Legler B M.Fluidized bed processing in the nuclear fuel cycle[J].Chemical Engineering Progress Symposium Series,1970,66(105):167-175.
[2]Gupta C K,Sathiyamoorthy D.Fluid Technology in MaterialsProcessing Chapter 3:Fluidization in Nuclear Engineering[M].Taylor&Francis,1998.
[3]Kwauk M,Li Y.Idealized and Bubbleless Fluidization Chapter 4:Fluidized Leaching and Washing[M].Beijing:Science PublishingHouse,2009.
[4]Bhowmick S,Rao H,Sathiyamoorthy D.Thermal denitration ofammonium nitrate solution in a fluidized-bed reactor[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2012,51(25):8394-8403.
[5]Costa E C,Smith J M.Kinetics of noncatalytic,nonisothermal,gas-solid reactions:Hydrofluorination of uranium dioxide[J].AIChEJournal,1971,17(4):947-958.
[6]Nicole C,Patisson F,Ablitzer D,et al.A thermogravimetric study ofthe kinetics of hydrofluorination of uranium dioxide[J].ChemicalEngineering Science,1996,51(23):5213-5222.
[7]Khani M H,Pahlavanzadeh H,Ghannadi M.Two-phase modeling ofa gas phase fluidized bed reactor for the fluorination of uraniumtetrafluoride[J].Annals of Nuclear Energy,2008,35(12):2321-2326.
[8]Dussoubs B,Jourde J,Patisson F,et al.Mathematical modelling ofuranium dioxide conversion in a moving bed furnace[J].PowderTechnology,2002,128(2-3):168-177.
[9]Bjorklund W J,Offutt G F.Fluidized bed denitration of uranylnitrate[J].AIChE Symposium Series,1973,69(128):123-129.
[10]马振荣,崔玉琳,朱长兵,等.流化床脱硝制备铀产品[R].中国核科学技术进展报告:核化工分卷,2009:132-138.
[11]张天祥,吴伟,张国林,等.硝酸铀酰热解脱硝流化床喷嘴:中国,202028498[P].2011-03-21.
[12]任凤仪,芦兴臣,刘学贵.在流化床中硝酸铀酰脱硝-还原制备二氧化铀的试生产[J].核科学与工程,1995,15(01):58-64.
[13]Maeda M,Kagami H,Miyajima K,et al.Low-temperaturefluorination of uranium-oxides in 3-inch diameter fluidized-bed[J].Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan,1979,21(4):344-350.
[14]Khani M H,Pahlavanzadeh H,Ghannadi M.Kinetics study of thefluorination of uranium tetrafluoride in a fluidized bed reactor[J].Annals of Nuclear Energy,2008,35(4):704-707.
[15]Khani M H,Ghannadi M,Pahlavanzadeh H.Fluorination of UF4 in amini-tapered fluidized bed and mathematical modeling[J].Annals ofNuclear Energy,2010,37(9):1241-1247.
[16]陈松,康仕芳,赵珺.在振动流化床反应器中还原三氧化铀[J].核科学与工程,1999,19(4):361-366.
[17]Ross S B,El-Genk M S,Matthews R B.Uranium nitride fuel swellingcorrelation[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,1990,170(2):169-177.
[18]Cho W D,Han M H,Bronson M C,et al.Processing of uranium oxidepowders in a fluidized-bed reactor.I.Experimental[J].Journal of NuclearMaterials,2002,305(2-3):106-111.
[19]Ganguly C.Sol-gel microsphere pelletization:A powder-free advancedprocess for fabrication of ceramic nuclear fuel pellets[J].Bulletin ofMaterials Science,1993,16(6):509-522.
[20]Wood B J,Sanjurjo A,Tong G T,et al.Coating particles by chemical vapordeposition in fluidized bed reactors[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,1991,49(1-2):228-232.
[21]朱钧国,杨冰,张秉忠,等.流化床中包覆燃料颗粒的制备及应用[C]//中国颗粒学会2004年年会论文集,2004:592-597.
[22]Liu M,Liu B,Shao Y.Optimization of the UO2 kernel coating process by2D simulation of spouted bed dynamics in the coater[J].NuclearEngineering and Design,2012,251:124-130.
[23]Liu M,Shao Y,Liu B.Pressure analysis in the fabrication process ofTRISO UO2-coated fuel particle[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2012,250:277-283.
[24]夏芳,韦朝海,吴超飞,等.H2O2/UV流化床氧化焦化废水尾水中惰性成分的可行性考察[J].化工进展,2011,30(5):1135-1140.
[25]Mullen J F.Consider fluid-bed incineration for hazardous wastedestruction[J].Chemical Engineering Progress,1992,88(6):50-58.
[26]Liu M,Liu B,Shao Y.The study on pyrolytic carbon powder in the coatingprocess of fuel particle for high-temperature gas-cooledreactor[C]//ICONE18-30137,Volume 1:545-549.
[27]胡凯光,陈祥标,谭凯旋,等.流化床离子交换从含铀废水中吸附铀[J].有色金属,2008,60(4):88-90.
[28]Miles B E,Pain C C,Gomes J L,et al.Simulation of a gas-cooled fluidizedbed nuclear reactor.Part I:Mixed oxide fuels[J].Annals of Nuclear Energy,2010,37(7):999-1013.
[29]Wang S,Li X,Lu H,Jacques B,et al.Simulations of flow behavior of fuelparticles in a conceptual helium-cooled spout fluidized bed nuclearreactor[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2009,239(1):106-115.
[30]Rots P E A,Mudde R F,Van Den Akker H E,et al.Fluidized bed nuclearfission reactor[J].Chemical Engineering Science,1996,51(11):2763-2768.
[31]林添明,荆国华.磁稳流化床研究与应用进展[J].化工进展,2012,31(9):1885-1890.
[32]马空军,贾殿赠,刘成,等.声场流化床流动特性研究进展[J].化工进展,2011,30(6):1177-1181.
[2]Gupta C K,Sathiyamoorthy D.Fluid Technology in MaterialsProcessing Chapter 3:Fluidization in Nuclear Engineering[M].Taylor&Francis,1998.
[3]Kwauk M,Li Y.Idealized and Bubbleless Fluidization Chapter 4:Fluidized Leaching and Washing[M].Beijing:Science PublishingHouse,2009.
[4]Bhowmick S,Rao H,Sathiyamoorthy D.Thermal denitration ofammonium nitrate solution in a fluidized-bed reactor[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2012,51(25):8394-8403.
[5]Costa E C,Smith J M.Kinetics of noncatalytic,nonisothermal,gas-solid reactions:Hydrofluorination of uranium dioxide[J].AIChEJournal,1971,17(4):947-958.
[6]Nicole C,Patisson F,Ablitzer D,et al.A thermogravimetric study ofthe kinetics of hydrofluorination of uranium dioxide[J].ChemicalEngineering Science,1996,51(23):5213-5222.
[7]Khani M H,Pahlavanzadeh H,Ghannadi M.Two-phase modeling ofa gas phase fluidized bed reactor for the fluorination of uraniumtetrafluoride[J].Annals of Nuclear Energy,2008,35(12):2321-2326.
[8]Dussoubs B,Jourde J,Patisson F,et al.Mathematical modelling ofuranium dioxide conversion in a moving bed furnace[J].PowderTechnology,2002,128(2-3):168-177.
[9]Bjorklund W J,Offutt G F.Fluidized bed denitration of uranylnitrate[J].AIChE Symposium Series,1973,69(128):123-129.
[10]马振荣,崔玉琳,朱长兵,等.流化床脱硝制备铀产品[R].中国核科学技术进展报告:核化工分卷,2009:132-138.
[11]张天祥,吴伟,张国林,等.硝酸铀酰热解脱硝流化床喷嘴:中国,202028498[P].2011-03-21.
[12]任凤仪,芦兴臣,刘学贵.在流化床中硝酸铀酰脱硝-还原制备二氧化铀的试生产[J].核科学与工程,1995,15(01):58-64.
[13]Maeda M,Kagami H,Miyajima K,et al.Low-temperaturefluorination of uranium-oxides in 3-inch diameter fluidized-bed[J].Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan,1979,21(4):344-350.
[14]Khani M H,Pahlavanzadeh H,Ghannadi M.Kinetics study of thefluorination of uranium tetrafluoride in a fluidized bed reactor[J].Annals of Nuclear Energy,2008,35(4):704-707.
[15]Khani M H,Ghannadi M,Pahlavanzadeh H.Fluorination of UF4 in amini-tapered fluidized bed and mathematical modeling[J].Annals ofNuclear Energy,2010,37(9):1241-1247.
[16]陈松,康仕芳,赵珺.在振动流化床反应器中还原三氧化铀[J].核科学与工程,1999,19(4):361-366.
[17]Ross S B,El-Genk M S,Matthews R B.Uranium nitride fuel swellingcorrelation[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,1990,170(2):169-177.
[18]Cho W D,Han M H,Bronson M C,et al.Processing of uranium oxidepowders in a fluidized-bed reactor.I.Experimental[J].Journal of NuclearMaterials,2002,305(2-3):106-111.
[19]Ganguly C.Sol-gel microsphere pelletization:A powder-free advancedprocess for fabrication of ceramic nuclear fuel pellets[J].Bulletin ofMaterials Science,1993,16(6):509-522.
[20]Wood B J,Sanjurjo A,Tong G T,et al.Coating particles by chemical vapordeposition in fluidized bed reactors[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,1991,49(1-2):228-232.
[21]朱钧国,杨冰,张秉忠,等.流化床中包覆燃料颗粒的制备及应用[C]//中国颗粒学会2004年年会论文集,2004:592-597.
[22]Liu M,Liu B,Shao Y.Optimization of the UO2 kernel coating process by2D simulation of spouted bed dynamics in the coater[J].NuclearEngineering and Design,2012,251:124-130.
[23]Liu M,Shao Y,Liu B.Pressure analysis in the fabrication process ofTRISO UO2-coated fuel particle[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2012,250:277-283.
[24]夏芳,韦朝海,吴超飞,等.H2O2/UV流化床氧化焦化废水尾水中惰性成分的可行性考察[J].化工进展,2011,30(5):1135-1140.
[25]Mullen J F.Consider fluid-bed incineration for hazardous wastedestruction[J].Chemical Engineering Progress,1992,88(6):50-58.
[26]Liu M,Liu B,Shao Y.The study on pyrolytic carbon powder in the coatingprocess of fuel particle for high-temperature gas-cooledreactor[C]//ICONE18-30137,Volume 1:545-549.
[27]胡凯光,陈祥标,谭凯旋,等.流化床离子交换从含铀废水中吸附铀[J].有色金属,2008,60(4):88-90.
[28]Miles B E,Pain C C,Gomes J L,et al.Simulation of a gas-cooled fluidizedbed nuclear reactor.Part I:Mixed oxide fuels[J].Annals of Nuclear Energy,2010,37(7):999-1013.
[29]Wang S,Li X,Lu H,Jacques B,et al.Simulations of flow behavior of fuelparticles in a conceptual helium-cooled spout fluidized bed nuclearreactor[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2009,239(1):106-115.
[30]Rots P E A,Mudde R F,Van Den Akker H E,et al.Fluidized bed nuclearfission reactor[J].Chemical Engineering Science,1996,51(11):2763-2768.
[31]林添明,荆国华.磁稳流化床研究与应用进展[J].化工进展,2012,31(9):1885-1890.
[32]马空军,贾殿赠,刘成,等.声场流化床流动特性研究进展[J].化工进展,2011,30(6):1177-1181.