公共危机背景下的道德判断与谣言对抗行为生成路径研究——基于不同社交媒体平台的定性比较分析
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摘要
[目的/意义]旨在对我国公共危机事件背景下的社交网络谣言对抗行为多发性动机进行分析,以期为国家公共安全治理提供指导。[方法/过程]引入道德判断框架,在社会抑制理论的基础上,探讨不同社交媒体中的谣言对抗行为。通过情景模拟法收集调查结果,并利用定性比较分析(QCA)方法对谣言对抗行为的动机路径组合进行验证。[结果/结论]社交媒体用户产生谣言对抗行为确实是多因素相互作用产生的结果,用户在不同平台进行决策时会有差别倾向。如在微信平台,用户倾向于仔细对功利结果进行考量,而在微博平台用户则倾向从道义规范角度快速地做出符合个人原则的决策。结论益于有针对性地为政府危机管理人员提供谣言治理对策。
[Purpose/Significance]The article is aimed at the multiple motivations analysis of social media rumor combating behavior in the context of the public crises of our country,in order to provide guidance for the national public security governance.[Method/Process]Based on the social inhibition theory,this work obtains the moral judgment system and focuses on rumor combating behavior in different social media platforms. After collecting survey data by scenario simulation method,we make an empirical analysis of different generating path of rumor combating behavior motivations' interaction through qualitative comparative analysis method.[Result/Conclusion] The social media rumor combating behavior is really the result of multiple motivations interacts,and social media users tend to have differenttendencies when making decisions on different platforms. For instance,the WeChat users tend to consider the utilitarian results carefully,while the Micro-blog users tend to quickly make decisions which conform to their personal norms from the moral respect. Conclusions are beneficial to provide rumor control strategies for government crisis managers.
[Purpose/Significance]The article is aimed at the multiple motivations analysis of social media rumor combating behavior in the context of the public crises of our country,in order to provide guidance for the national public security governance.[Method/Process]Based on the social inhibition theory,this work obtains the moral judgment system and focuses on rumor combating behavior in different social media platforms. After collecting survey data by scenario simulation method,we make an empirical analysis of different generating path of rumor combating behavior motivations' interaction through qualitative comparative analysis method.[Result/Conclusion] The social media rumor combating behavior is really the result of multiple motivations interacts,and social media users tend to have differenttendencies when making decisions on different platforms. For instance,the WeChat users tend to consider the utilitarian results carefully,while the Micro-blog users tend to quickly make decisions which conform to their personal norms from the moral respect. Conclusions are beneficial to provide rumor control strategies for government crisis managers.
引文
[1]郑昱.突发公共事件中舆论信息传播倾向的影响因素———基于民众负性情绪的研究视角[J].情报理论与实践,2017,40(7):80-87.
[2]陈雪奇,颜颖,王小兰.个体门槛分布规律对微博谣言扩散的影响[J].新闻界,2017(10):55-63
[3] Alexander D E.Social media in disaster risk reduction and crisismanagement[J]. Science and Engineering Ethics,2014,20(3):717-733.
[4]薛可,余来辉,余明阳.公共危机传播中社交媒体用户的参与动机与行为研究[J].新闻界,2017(9):55-62.
[5]杨正联.网络公共危机事件中的网民参与行为分析与公共管理应对[J].人文杂志,2012(5):162-168.
[6]史波.移动互联网环境下公共危机信息传播行为的影响因素研究[J].情报杂志,2013,32(6):14-18.
[7] Wang X.Howdo people participate in social network sites aftercrises? A self-determination perspective[J].Social Science Com-puter Review,2014,32(5):662-677.
[8]张玉亮,贾传玲.突发事件网络谣言的蔓延机理及治理策略研究[J].情报理论与实践,2018,41(5):91-96.
[9]殷飞,张鹏,兰月新,等.基于系统动力学的突发事件网络谣言治理研究[J].情报科学,2018,36(4):57-63.
[10]王晗啸,蔡培.微博谣言传播网络研究[J].图书情报研究,2018(1):37-49.
[11]白净,程子姣.当前网络谣言的成因、性质以及处罚的合理性———基于65个治安处罚案例[J].新闻爱好者,2018(2):30-34.
[12]曾丹.基于保护动机理论网络辟谣效果研究———以“谣言粉碎机”健康类谣言为例[D].南昌:江西师范大学,2017
[13]罗贤春,庞进京.基于自媒体的政务信息传播“小世界”模式[J].情报理论与实践,2016,39(6):82-87.
[14]张玉亮,杨英甲.基于扎根理论的政府食品安全网络谣言介入行为有效性研究[J].情报杂志,2018,37(3):122-135.
[15]巢乃鹏,黄娴.网络传播中的“谣言”现象研究[J].情报理论与实践,2004,27(6):586-589.
[16]黄斌.网络谣言辟谣研究综述[J].新闻研究导刊,2015(15):16-17.
[17]曾楚云.品牌如何应对社交媒体谣言传播危机[J].新闻研究导刊,2018,9(4):184,213.
[18]邱新有,卢佩华.信息内容稳定与现代社会谣言的防控———以1768年叫魂案为分析对象[J].现代传播(中国传媒大学学报),2018,40(5):75-79.
[19]陈娟,刘燕平,邓胜利.政务微博辟谣信息传播效果的影响因素研究[J].情报科学,2018,36(1):91-95.
[20]熊炎.反驳改述谣言能够消除事实幻觉效应[J].现代传播(中国传媒大学学报),2018(3):74-79.
[21]秦沛煜.入驻式辟谣栏目浅析———以澎湃“官方辟谣”为例[J].新闻研究导刊,2018,9(8):50-51.
[22]邓胜利,付少雄.社交媒体附加信息对用户信任与分享健康类谣言的影响分析[J].情报科学,2018,36(3):51-57.
[23] Kluckhohn F R,Strodtbeck F L.Variations in value orientations[J].1961.
[24] Kohlberg L.The philosophy of moral development[M].The Phi-losophy of Moral Development:Harper&Row,1981:415-418.
[25]李彪,喻国明.“后真相”时代网络谣言的话语空间与传播场域研究———基于微信朋友圈4160条谣言的分析[J].新闻大学,2018(2):103-121.
[26] Conway P,Gawronski B.Deontological and utilitarian inclinationsin moral decision making:A process dissociation approach[J].Journal of Personality&Social Psychology,2013,104(2):216-235.
[27]张晓冰,周静,邱晏.网络伦理道德失范的原因和对策[J].新闻界,2009(3):80-82.
[28] De Groot J I M,Steg L.Relationships between value orientations,self-determined motivational types and pro-environmentalbehav-ioural intentions[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2010,30(4):368-378.
[29] Aquino K,Reed II.The self-importance of moral identity[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2002,83(6):1423.
[30] Han H.Travelers'pro-environmental behavior in a green lodgingcontext:Converging value-belief-norm theory and the theory ofplanned behavior[J].Tourism Management,2015,47:164-177.
[31] Bamberg S,Mser G.Twenty years after Hines,Hungerford,andTomera:A newmeta-analysis of psycho-social determinants ofpro-environmental behaviour[J]. Journal of Environmental Psy-chology,2007,27(1):14-25.
[32] Zhao L,Yin J,Song Y.An exploration of rumor combating be-havior on social media in the context of social crises[J].Comput-ers in Human Behavior,2016,58:25-36.
[33] Stoel L,Wickliffe V,Lee K H.Attribute beliefs and spending asantecedents to shopping value[J].Journal of Business Research,2004,57(10):1067-1073.
[34] Goffman E. The presentation of self in everyday[J]. Butler,Bodies that Matter,1959.
[35] Brand J L."Integration of the cognitive and the psychodynamicunconscious":Comment.[J]. American Psychologist,1995,50(9):799.
[36] Cushman F. Action,outcome,and value:A dual-system frame-work for morality[J]. Personality&Social Psychology ReviewAn Official Journal of the Society for Personality&Social Psy-chologyInc,2013,17(3):273.
[37] Greene J D,Morelli S A,Lowenberg K,et al.Cognitive load se-lectively interferes with utilitarian moral judgment[J].Cognition,2008,107(3):1144-1154.
[38]林崇德,杨治良,黄希庭.心理学大辞典上[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2003.
[39] Vanzoelen D,Caltabiano ML.The role of social anxiety,the be-havioural inhibition system and depression in online gaming ad-diction in adults[J].Journal of Gaming&Virtual Worlds,2016,8(3):231-245.
[40]田华东.从关联理论视角看字幕翻译注释的观众效应[D].南京:南京财经大学,2015.
[41]兰玉娟,佐斌,刘军威,等.遵守群体规则行为:群体认同与群内观众效应[C].全国心理学学术大会,2009.
[42]任龙,任军.群体性事件处置工作中开展心理攻势研究[J].公安研究,2009(5):16-19.
[43]李琪,王璐瑶,乔志林.隐私计算与社会资本对移动社交用户自我披露意愿的影响研究———基于微信与微博的比较分析[J].情报杂志,2018,37(5):169-175.
[44] Lee-Won R J,Shim M,Joo Y K,et al.Who puts the best"face"forward on Facebook? Positive self-presentation in online socialnetworking and the role of self-consciousness,actual-to-totalFriends ratio,and culture[J]. Computers in Human Behavior,2014,39:413-423.
[45]陶秋燕,李锐,王永贵.创新网络特征要素配置、环境动荡性与创新绩效关系研究————来自QCA的实证分析[J].科技进步与对策,2016,33(18):19-27
[46]唐建荣,赵菲,唐雨辰.价值观多元化与企业绩效提升———基于QCA方法的实证分析[J].软科学,2018,32(2):71-75.
[47]刘炜.基于扩展TTF和UTAUT模型的老年用户社会化网络服务采纳行为研究[J].软科学,2015(3):120-124.
[48]孙建军,成颖,柯青. TAM模型研究进展———模型演化[J].情报科学,2007,25(8):1121-1127.
[49] Oh O,Agrawal M,Rao H R.Community intelligence and socialmedia services:A rumor theoretic analysis of tweets during socialcrises[J].Mis Quarterly,2013,37(2):407-426
[50] Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior[J]. Organizational be-havior and human decision processes,1991,50(2):179-211.
[51] Taneja A,Vitrano J,Gengo N J.Rationality-based beliefs affect-ing individual's attitude and intention to use privacy controls onFacebook:An empirical investigation[J]. Computers in HumanBehavior,2014,38:159-173.
[52] Bamberg S,Hunecke M,Blbaum A. Social context,personalnorms and the use of public transportation:Two field studies[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2007,27(3):190-203.
[53] Koohikamali M,Peak D A,Prybutok V R. Beyond self-disclo-sure:Disclosure of information about others in social networksites[J].Computers in Human Behavior,2017,69:29-42.
[54] Gan C.Understanding WeChat users'liking behavior:An empiri-cal study in China[J].Computers in Human Behavior,2017,68:30-39.
[55]夏鑫,何建民,刘嘉毅.定性比较分析的研究逻辑———兼论其对经济管理学研究的启示[J].财经研究,2014(10):97-107.
[56] Ragin,Charles C.Redesigning social inquiry:Fuzzy sets and be-yond[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2008.
[2]陈雪奇,颜颖,王小兰.个体门槛分布规律对微博谣言扩散的影响[J].新闻界,2017(10):55-63
[3] Alexander D E.Social media in disaster risk reduction and crisismanagement[J]. Science and Engineering Ethics,2014,20(3):717-733.
[4]薛可,余来辉,余明阳.公共危机传播中社交媒体用户的参与动机与行为研究[J].新闻界,2017(9):55-62.
[5]杨正联.网络公共危机事件中的网民参与行为分析与公共管理应对[J].人文杂志,2012(5):162-168.
[6]史波.移动互联网环境下公共危机信息传播行为的影响因素研究[J].情报杂志,2013,32(6):14-18.
[7] Wang X.Howdo people participate in social network sites aftercrises? A self-determination perspective[J].Social Science Com-puter Review,2014,32(5):662-677.
[8]张玉亮,贾传玲.突发事件网络谣言的蔓延机理及治理策略研究[J].情报理论与实践,2018,41(5):91-96.
[9]殷飞,张鹏,兰月新,等.基于系统动力学的突发事件网络谣言治理研究[J].情报科学,2018,36(4):57-63.
[10]王晗啸,蔡培.微博谣言传播网络研究[J].图书情报研究,2018(1):37-49.
[11]白净,程子姣.当前网络谣言的成因、性质以及处罚的合理性———基于65个治安处罚案例[J].新闻爱好者,2018(2):30-34.
[12]曾丹.基于保护动机理论网络辟谣效果研究———以“谣言粉碎机”健康类谣言为例[D].南昌:江西师范大学,2017
[13]罗贤春,庞进京.基于自媒体的政务信息传播“小世界”模式[J].情报理论与实践,2016,39(6):82-87.
[14]张玉亮,杨英甲.基于扎根理论的政府食品安全网络谣言介入行为有效性研究[J].情报杂志,2018,37(3):122-135.
[15]巢乃鹏,黄娴.网络传播中的“谣言”现象研究[J].情报理论与实践,2004,27(6):586-589.
[16]黄斌.网络谣言辟谣研究综述[J].新闻研究导刊,2015(15):16-17.
[17]曾楚云.品牌如何应对社交媒体谣言传播危机[J].新闻研究导刊,2018,9(4):184,213.
[18]邱新有,卢佩华.信息内容稳定与现代社会谣言的防控———以1768年叫魂案为分析对象[J].现代传播(中国传媒大学学报),2018,40(5):75-79.
[19]陈娟,刘燕平,邓胜利.政务微博辟谣信息传播效果的影响因素研究[J].情报科学,2018,36(1):91-95.
[20]熊炎.反驳改述谣言能够消除事实幻觉效应[J].现代传播(中国传媒大学学报),2018(3):74-79.
[21]秦沛煜.入驻式辟谣栏目浅析———以澎湃“官方辟谣”为例[J].新闻研究导刊,2018,9(8):50-51.
[22]邓胜利,付少雄.社交媒体附加信息对用户信任与分享健康类谣言的影响分析[J].情报科学,2018,36(3):51-57.
[23] Kluckhohn F R,Strodtbeck F L.Variations in value orientations[J].1961.
[24] Kohlberg L.The philosophy of moral development[M].The Phi-losophy of Moral Development:Harper&Row,1981:415-418.
[25]李彪,喻国明.“后真相”时代网络谣言的话语空间与传播场域研究———基于微信朋友圈4160条谣言的分析[J].新闻大学,2018(2):103-121.
[26] Conway P,Gawronski B.Deontological and utilitarian inclinationsin moral decision making:A process dissociation approach[J].Journal of Personality&Social Psychology,2013,104(2):216-235.
[27]张晓冰,周静,邱晏.网络伦理道德失范的原因和对策[J].新闻界,2009(3):80-82.
[28] De Groot J I M,Steg L.Relationships between value orientations,self-determined motivational types and pro-environmentalbehav-ioural intentions[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2010,30(4):368-378.
[29] Aquino K,Reed II.The self-importance of moral identity[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2002,83(6):1423.
[30] Han H.Travelers'pro-environmental behavior in a green lodgingcontext:Converging value-belief-norm theory and the theory ofplanned behavior[J].Tourism Management,2015,47:164-177.
[31] Bamberg S,Mser G.Twenty years after Hines,Hungerford,andTomera:A newmeta-analysis of psycho-social determinants ofpro-environmental behaviour[J]. Journal of Environmental Psy-chology,2007,27(1):14-25.
[32] Zhao L,Yin J,Song Y.An exploration of rumor combating be-havior on social media in the context of social crises[J].Comput-ers in Human Behavior,2016,58:25-36.
[33] Stoel L,Wickliffe V,Lee K H.Attribute beliefs and spending asantecedents to shopping value[J].Journal of Business Research,2004,57(10):1067-1073.
[34] Goffman E. The presentation of self in everyday[J]. Butler,Bodies that Matter,1959.
[35] Brand J L."Integration of the cognitive and the psychodynamicunconscious":Comment.[J]. American Psychologist,1995,50(9):799.
[36] Cushman F. Action,outcome,and value:A dual-system frame-work for morality[J]. Personality&Social Psychology ReviewAn Official Journal of the Society for Personality&Social Psy-chologyInc,2013,17(3):273.
[37] Greene J D,Morelli S A,Lowenberg K,et al.Cognitive load se-lectively interferes with utilitarian moral judgment[J].Cognition,2008,107(3):1144-1154.
[38]林崇德,杨治良,黄希庭.心理学大辞典上[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2003.
[39] Vanzoelen D,Caltabiano ML.The role of social anxiety,the be-havioural inhibition system and depression in online gaming ad-diction in adults[J].Journal of Gaming&Virtual Worlds,2016,8(3):231-245.
[40]田华东.从关联理论视角看字幕翻译注释的观众效应[D].南京:南京财经大学,2015.
[41]兰玉娟,佐斌,刘军威,等.遵守群体规则行为:群体认同与群内观众效应[C].全国心理学学术大会,2009.
[42]任龙,任军.群体性事件处置工作中开展心理攻势研究[J].公安研究,2009(5):16-19.
[43]李琪,王璐瑶,乔志林.隐私计算与社会资本对移动社交用户自我披露意愿的影响研究———基于微信与微博的比较分析[J].情报杂志,2018,37(5):169-175.
[44] Lee-Won R J,Shim M,Joo Y K,et al.Who puts the best"face"forward on Facebook? Positive self-presentation in online socialnetworking and the role of self-consciousness,actual-to-totalFriends ratio,and culture[J]. Computers in Human Behavior,2014,39:413-423.
[45]陶秋燕,李锐,王永贵.创新网络特征要素配置、环境动荡性与创新绩效关系研究————来自QCA的实证分析[J].科技进步与对策,2016,33(18):19-27
[46]唐建荣,赵菲,唐雨辰.价值观多元化与企业绩效提升———基于QCA方法的实证分析[J].软科学,2018,32(2):71-75.
[47]刘炜.基于扩展TTF和UTAUT模型的老年用户社会化网络服务采纳行为研究[J].软科学,2015(3):120-124.
[48]孙建军,成颖,柯青. TAM模型研究进展———模型演化[J].情报科学,2007,25(8):1121-1127.
[49] Oh O,Agrawal M,Rao H R.Community intelligence and socialmedia services:A rumor theoretic analysis of tweets during socialcrises[J].Mis Quarterly,2013,37(2):407-426
[50] Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior[J]. Organizational be-havior and human decision processes,1991,50(2):179-211.
[51] Taneja A,Vitrano J,Gengo N J.Rationality-based beliefs affect-ing individual's attitude and intention to use privacy controls onFacebook:An empirical investigation[J]. Computers in HumanBehavior,2014,38:159-173.
[52] Bamberg S,Hunecke M,Blbaum A. Social context,personalnorms and the use of public transportation:Two field studies[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2007,27(3):190-203.
[53] Koohikamali M,Peak D A,Prybutok V R. Beyond self-disclo-sure:Disclosure of information about others in social networksites[J].Computers in Human Behavior,2017,69:29-42.
[54] Gan C.Understanding WeChat users'liking behavior:An empiri-cal study in China[J].Computers in Human Behavior,2017,68:30-39.
[55]夏鑫,何建民,刘嘉毅.定性比较分析的研究逻辑———兼论其对经济管理学研究的启示[J].财经研究,2014(10):97-107.
[56] Ragin,Charles C.Redesigning social inquiry:Fuzzy sets and be-yond[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2008.
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