卧式挤压对ZnAl10Cu2合金组织和性能的影响
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摘要
应用半连续熔铸、卧式挤压成形的方法制备了Zn Al10Cu2合金杆料。通过热模拟实验确定了锌铝合金最佳成形温度,分析了卧式挤压工艺对锌铝合金杆显微组织形貌和力学性能的影响。结果表明:锌铝合金挤压模具、铸锭的最佳预热温度分别为250～270℃和240～270℃;锌铝合金铸锭经过卧式挤压后,组织较细小均匀,大大减少了铸态晶体组织的不平衡析出;此外,Zn Al10Cu2合金显微组织有了很大变化,过饱和αs及非平衡β、βs相发生了(α_s+β_s)、βη+α的脱溶分解,新α、η相分别沿着原始的富铝、锌相析出长大,形成较细的层片状组织;拉伸试样的断裂机制由脆性沿晶断裂变成韧性较好的韧窝断裂;挤压锌铝合金杆硬度小幅下降11. 9%,而其抗拉强度、伸长率却分别大幅度提高了144. 7%及1363. 2%。
Zn10Al2Cu alloy rod was prepared by semi continuous casting and horizontal extrusion processes. The optimal forming temperature of zinc-aluminium alloy was determined by the thermal simulation experiment. The effect of the horizontal extrusion on the microstructural morphology and mechanical properties of zinc-aluminium alloy rod was analyzed. The results show that the optimal preheating temperature ranges of the extrusion dies and zinc-aluminum alloy casting ingot are about 250-270 ℃ and 240-270 ℃,respectively. After the horizontal extrusion,the microstructure of zinc-aluminium alloy ingot is uniform and the grains are refined,which greatly reduces the non-equilibrium segregation of the as-cast dendritic structure. In addition,the microstructure of the ZnAl10Cu2 alloy changes greatly in the process of extrusion,and the dissolution decomposition occurrs for the supersaturated αsphase and nonequilibrium βsor β phase,viz.,( α_s+ β_s) or β η + α. New α and ηphases precipitate and grow along the original aluminum-rich phases and zinc-rich phases respectively,resulting in the formation of the thin lamellar structure. After the horizontal extrusion,the fracture mechanism of the tensile samples is changed from the brittle intergranular fracture to the ductile dimple fracture. The hardness of the extruded zinc-aluminium alloy is slightly reduced by 11. 9%,and the tensile strength and elongation are significantly improved by 144. 7% and 1363. 2% respectively compared to those of the casted zinc-aluminium alloy.
Zn10Al2Cu alloy rod was prepared by semi continuous casting and horizontal extrusion processes. The optimal forming temperature of zinc-aluminium alloy was determined by the thermal simulation experiment. The effect of the horizontal extrusion on the microstructural morphology and mechanical properties of zinc-aluminium alloy rod was analyzed. The results show that the optimal preheating temperature ranges of the extrusion dies and zinc-aluminum alloy casting ingot are about 250-270 ℃ and 240-270 ℃,respectively. After the horizontal extrusion,the microstructure of zinc-aluminium alloy ingot is uniform and the grains are refined,which greatly reduces the non-equilibrium segregation of the as-cast dendritic structure. In addition,the microstructure of the ZnAl10Cu2 alloy changes greatly in the process of extrusion,and the dissolution decomposition occurrs for the supersaturated αsphase and nonequilibrium βsor β phase,viz.,( α_s+ β_s) or β η + α. New α and ηphases precipitate and grow along the original aluminum-rich phases and zinc-rich phases respectively,resulting in the formation of the thin lamellar structure. After the horizontal extrusion,the fracture mechanism of the tensile samples is changed from the brittle intergranular fracture to the ductile dimple fracture. The hardness of the extruded zinc-aluminium alloy is slightly reduced by 11. 9%,and the tensile strength and elongation are significantly improved by 144. 7% and 1363. 2% respectively compared to those of the casted zinc-aluminium alloy.
引文
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[19]周伟,张凌峰,熊毅,等.大变形高纯Al-4%Cu合金性能与微观结构分析[J].塑性工程学报,2018,25(5):291-297.ZHOU Wei,ZHANG Lingfeng,XIONG Yi,et al.Properties and microstructure analysis of high purity Al-4%Cu at large deformation[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2018,25(5):291-297.
[20]NAYAK A K.Thermal and quantitative thermal-analysis of Al-Zn alloys and determination of equilibrium diagram of binary-system[J].Journal of the Institute of Metals,1973,101(11):309-314.
[21]汤宏群,曹建民,李会岭.Zn-Al系二元相图的研究[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2006,26(6):387-389.
[22]林高用,孙利平,曾菊花,等.含Bi易切削变形合金显微组织与性能[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2011,42(11):3296-3302.LIN Gaoyong,SUN Liping,ZENG Juhua,et al.Microstructure and properties of free-cutting deformation Zn-Al alloy containing Bi[J].Journal of Central South University(Natural Science Edition),2011,42(11):3296-3302.
[23]孙利平.易切削变形锌合金的研制及热处理研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2011.SUN Liping.Easy cutting deformation research:the development of zinc alloy and heat treatment[D].Changsha:Central South University,2011.
[24]司家勇.高铝锌基合金相图、相变与性能研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2005.SI Jiayong.High aluminium zinc base alloy phase diagram,phase transformation and performance study[D].Nanning:Guangxi U-niversity,2005.
[25]成佳,史庆南,起华荣,等.热处理对Zn-Al合金微观组织和力学性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2015,40(7):50-54.CHENG Jia,SHI Qingnan,QI Huarong,et al.Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Zn-Al alloy[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2015,40(7):50-54.
[26]张锐.Zn-Al合金管的连续挤压及组织与性能研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2014.ZHANG Rui.Study on microstructures and properties of Zn-Al alloy tubes by continuous extrusion[D].Changsha:Central South University,2014.
[27]吕登峰,龙伟民,钟素娟,等.均匀化退火对钎料组织及性能的影响[J].焊接设备与材料,2014,43(6):55-57.LDengfeng,LONG Weimin,ZHONG Sujuan,et al.Effect of uniform annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of solder alloy[J].Welding Equipment and Materials,2014,43(6):55-57.
[28]孙世能,王利卿,任玉平,等.热处理工艺对低温挤压锌合金组织及性能的影响[J].材料与冶金学报,2015,15(1):58-65.SUN Shineng,WANG Liqing,REN Yuping,et al.Effect of heat treatment on Microstructure and properties of zinc alloy extruded at low temperature[J].Journal of Materials and Metallurgy,2015,15(1):58-65.
[29]YAN X Q,LIU S X,LONG W M,et al.The effect of homogenization treatment on microstructure and properties of ZnAl15 solder[J].Materials and Design,2013,(45):440-445.
[30]田长文,吴苏佳.高铝锌基合金挤压铸造的组织和性能的研究[J].山东科学,2000,13(2):35-39.TIAN Changwen,WU Sujia.Study on mechanical properties and microstructure of zinc-based alloy Zn-27%Al in squeeze casting[J].Journal of Shandong Science,2000,13(2):35-39.
[2]刘永红,张忠明,刘宏昭,等.锌铝合金的研究状况及应用概况[J].铸造技术,2001,22(1):42-45.LIU Yonghong,ZHANG Zhongming,LIU Hongzhao,et al.The research status and application of zinc aluminium alloy profiles[J].Journal of Foundry Technology,2001,22(1):42-45.
[3]蒋凯雁,张关钧.锌铝合金的发展性能及应用[J].有色设备,1995,(1):19-23.JIANG Kaiyan,ZHANG Guanjun.Zinc aluminum alloy development performance and application[J].Journal of Nonferrous E-quipment,1995,(1):19-23.
[4]邬小萍,李德富,郭胜利,等.ZnAl10Cu2合金铸态显微结构及相结构分析[J].北京科技大学学报,2010,33(10):1248-1252.WU Xiaoping,LI Defu,GUO Shengli,et al.ZnAl10Cu2 alloy ascast microstructure and phase structure analysis[J].Journal of Beijing University of Science and Technology,2010,33(10):1248-1252.
[5]ABOUB El-KHAIR M T,DAOUD A,ISMAIL A.Effect of different Al contents on the microstructure,tensile and wear properties of Zn-based alloy[J].Materials Letters,2004,58:1754-1760.
[6]WEI X W,SHEN B L.Effect of rare earths on phase transformation in as cast ZA27 alloys during compressive creep[J].Rare Metals,2003,22(4):259-264.
[7]张国英,刘春明,魏丹,等.锌铝合金中稀土及杂质的晶界行为[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2007,28(2):209-212.ZHANG Guoying,LIU Chunming,WEI Dan,et al.Grain boundary behavior of rare earths and impurities in ZA alloy[J].Journal of North eastern University:Natural Science,2007,28(2):209-212.
[8]谭银元,严汉芳.稀土对ZA27合金组成相的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2001,11(S1):67-69.TAN Yinyuan,YAN Hanfang.Effect of RE on constituent phases of ZA27alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2001,11(S1):67-69.
[9]于文斌,何洪,黎雪莲,等.Ti和Zr的复合变质与热处理对ZA27合金显微组织的影响[J].金属热处理,2008,33(4):39-44.YU Wenbin,HE Hong,LI Xuelian,et al.Effects of Ti and Zr compound modification and heat treatment on microstructure of ZA27 alloy[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2008,33(4):39-44.
[10]GENG H R.Antifriction and wear behaviour of ZAS35 zinc alloy:influence of heat treatment and melting technique[J].Materials Science and Engineering,2001,(A316):109-114.
[11]曾慧楠,贺永东,邢诗雨,等.Cu-Zn合金熔炼损耗与蒸发过程的动力学研究[J].稀有金属,2017,41(3):267-275.ZENG Huinan,HE Yongdong,XING Shiyu,et al.Kinetics of melting loss and evaporation process of Cu-Zn alloy[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2017,41(3):267-275.
[12]李荣德.冷却速度和合金成分对ZA合金结晶潜热的影响[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2001,21(2):57-59.LI Rongde.Cooling rate and the effect of alloy composition of ZAalloy crystallization latent heat[J].Journal of Special Casting and Nonferrous Alloys,2001,21(2):57-59.
[13]GB/T 228.1-2010,金属材料.拉伸试验.第1部分:室温试验方法[S].GB/T 228.1-2010,Metallic materials.Tensile testing.Part 1:Method of test at room temperature[S].
[14]郑恒.锌铝合金管连续挤压工艺研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2015.ZHENG Heng.Zinc aluminum alloy tube continuous extrusion technology research[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2015.
[15]王少辉,李颖,翁依柳,等.基于棒材拉伸试验确定金属材料真实应力应变关系的研究[J].塑性工程学报,2017,24(4):138-143.WANG Shaohui,LI Ying,WENG Yiliu,et al.Determination of true stress-strain relationship of metallic materials based on bar tension tests[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2017,24(4):138-143.
[16]谢建新,刘静安.金属挤压理论与技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2001.XIE Jianxin,LIU Jing'an.Metal extrusion theory and technology[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2001.
[17]高仑.锌与锌合金及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011.GAO Lun.Zinc and zinc alloy and its application[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2011.
[18]长崎城山,平林真.二元合金状态图[M].刘安生译.北京:北京工业出版社,2004.
[19]周伟,张凌峰,熊毅,等.大变形高纯Al-4%Cu合金性能与微观结构分析[J].塑性工程学报,2018,25(5):291-297.ZHOU Wei,ZHANG Lingfeng,XIONG Yi,et al.Properties and microstructure analysis of high purity Al-4%Cu at large deformation[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2018,25(5):291-297.
[20]NAYAK A K.Thermal and quantitative thermal-analysis of Al-Zn alloys and determination of equilibrium diagram of binary-system[J].Journal of the Institute of Metals,1973,101(11):309-314.
[21]汤宏群,曹建民,李会岭.Zn-Al系二元相图的研究[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2006,26(6):387-389.
[22]林高用,孙利平,曾菊花,等.含Bi易切削变形合金显微组织与性能[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2011,42(11):3296-3302.LIN Gaoyong,SUN Liping,ZENG Juhua,et al.Microstructure and properties of free-cutting deformation Zn-Al alloy containing Bi[J].Journal of Central South University(Natural Science Edition),2011,42(11):3296-3302.
[23]孙利平.易切削变形锌合金的研制及热处理研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2011.SUN Liping.Easy cutting deformation research:the development of zinc alloy and heat treatment[D].Changsha:Central South University,2011.
[24]司家勇.高铝锌基合金相图、相变与性能研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2005.SI Jiayong.High aluminium zinc base alloy phase diagram,phase transformation and performance study[D].Nanning:Guangxi U-niversity,2005.
[25]成佳,史庆南,起华荣,等.热处理对Zn-Al合金微观组织和力学性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2015,40(7):50-54.CHENG Jia,SHI Qingnan,QI Huarong,et al.Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Zn-Al alloy[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2015,40(7):50-54.
[26]张锐.Zn-Al合金管的连续挤压及组织与性能研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2014.ZHANG Rui.Study on microstructures and properties of Zn-Al alloy tubes by continuous extrusion[D].Changsha:Central South University,2014.
[27]吕登峰,龙伟民,钟素娟,等.均匀化退火对钎料组织及性能的影响[J].焊接设备与材料,2014,43(6):55-57.LDengfeng,LONG Weimin,ZHONG Sujuan,et al.Effect of uniform annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of solder alloy[J].Welding Equipment and Materials,2014,43(6):55-57.
[28]孙世能,王利卿,任玉平,等.热处理工艺对低温挤压锌合金组织及性能的影响[J].材料与冶金学报,2015,15(1):58-65.SUN Shineng,WANG Liqing,REN Yuping,et al.Effect of heat treatment on Microstructure and properties of zinc alloy extruded at low temperature[J].Journal of Materials and Metallurgy,2015,15(1):58-65.
[29]YAN X Q,LIU S X,LONG W M,et al.The effect of homogenization treatment on microstructure and properties of ZnAl15 solder[J].Materials and Design,2013,(45):440-445.
[30]田长文,吴苏佳.高铝锌基合金挤压铸造的组织和性能的研究[J].山东科学,2000,13(2):35-39.TIAN Changwen,WU Sujia.Study on mechanical properties and microstructure of zinc-based alloy Zn-27%Al in squeeze casting[J].Journal of Shandong Science,2000,13(2):35-39.
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