浅地层剖面仪和侧扫声呐仪器检测与评价方法研究
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摘要
针对浅地层剖面仪和侧扫声呐这2种声呐系统探讨性地提出了"两步法"的性能检测和评价方法:1)声学物理参数检测:分析了与浅地层剖面仪和侧扫声呐系统性能相关的关键声学物理参数(声源级、频率/频谱、脉冲长度、波束角或开角),并提出了在消声水池中测定这些参数的方法;2)实际探测性能评价:分析了与浅地层剖面仪和侧扫声呐系统性能相关的实际探测效果评价指标,并提出了通过海上试验来检测和评价这些指标的方法。最后对建设具备高效消声性能的大型试验水池,建设海底标准地层检测场和海底标准目标物检测场以真正实现设备性能的检定应做的后续工作进行了讨论。
The sub-bottom profiler and side-scan sonar are the most commonly used sonar systems in oceanography field.With the wide application of them,it is vital to promulgate standards and specifications for calibration and testing of such acoustic detecting systems.Based on our practice,the "two-step" detection performance test and evaluation methods are presented for these two kinds of sonar systems.The first step is the APT(acoustic parameter test)which is for the test of acoustic performance parameters of sonar,such as source level,frequency spectrum,pulse length,beam angle,etc.The second step is the DPE(detection performance evaluation)which is for the evaluation of the actual detection performance at sea,such as resolution,penetration depth,effective range,etc.The APT methods and DPE methods for the subbottom profiler and side-scan sonar are detailed and respectively discussed.However,in order to test and evaluate the sonar systems accurately,it is necessary to build a large-scale testing pool with highly efficient muffler performance,a test field with standard seabed layers and an underwater detecting field with standard targets.
The sub-bottom profiler and side-scan sonar are the most commonly used sonar systems in oceanography field.With the wide application of them,it is vital to promulgate standards and specifications for calibration and testing of such acoustic detecting systems.Based on our practice,the "two-step" detection performance test and evaluation methods are presented for these two kinds of sonar systems.The first step is the APT(acoustic parameter test)which is for the test of acoustic performance parameters of sonar,such as source level,frequency spectrum,pulse length,beam angle,etc.The second step is the DPE(detection performance evaluation)which is for the evaluation of the actual detection performance at sea,such as resolution,penetration depth,effective range,etc.The APT methods and DPE methods for the subbottom profiler and side-scan sonar are detailed and respectively discussed.However,in order to test and evaluate the sonar systems accurately,it is necessary to build a large-scale testing pool with highly efficient muffler performance,a test field with standard seabed layers and an underwater detecting field with standard targets.
引文
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[16]LIU B S,LEI J Y.Underwater acoustics principle[M].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University Press,1993.刘伯胜,雷家煜.水声学原理[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1993.
[17]LIU Y C,YANG F L,LI Q Q,et al.A method for detecting acoustical index of single-beam echosounders[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,2015,35(6):69-72.柳义成,阳凡林,李倩倩,等.单波束测深仪声学指标的检测方法[J].海洋测绘,2015,35(6):69-72.
[18]WANG Q,LIY Y C,BAO J Y.An analysis of vertical resolving power for subbottom profiler[J].Marine Science,2003,27(1):77-80.王琪,刘雁春,暴景阳.浅剖仪垂直探测分辨力分析[J].海洋科学,2003,27(1):77-80.
[19]WANG F Q.The research of the application and data interpretation of sub-bottom profiler[D].Qingdao,The First Institute of Oceanography,SOA,2010.王方旗.浅地层剖面仪的应用及资料解译研究[D].青岛:国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,2010.
[2]ANDERSON N,ALOTAIBI A.Site assessment using echo sounding,side scan sonar and sub-bottom profiling[R].A National University Transportation Center at Missouri University of Science and Technology,2014.
[3]LI S J,TAO C H,CHU F Y,et al.A practical application of sub-bottom profile system to cobalt-rich crust investigation in middle pacific ocean[J].Ocean Technology,2007,26(1):54-57.李守军,陶春辉,初凤友,等.浅地层剖面在富钴结壳调查研究中的应用[J].海洋技术,2007,26(1):54-57.
[4]LI Y B,ZHANG Y F,LIU Y L,et al.Application of subbottom profiler to ocean engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2007,4(1):4-8.李一保,张玉芬,刘玉兰,等.浅地层剖面仪在海洋工程中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(1):4-8.
[5]WANG F Q,HU G H,WU Y T,et al.The acoustic subbottom profile and its interpretation of Jinzhou Bay,Bohai Sea[J].Advances in Marine Science,2013,31(1):128-137.王方旗,胡光海,吴永亭,等.渤海金州湾海域声学浅地层剖面及其解释[J].海洋科学进展,2013,31(1):128-137.
[6]WANG F Q,WU Y T,LIU L J,et al.Application of acoustic subbottom profiling technology to prospect the site of an artificial island in the Jinzhou bay[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(5):841-848.王方旗,吴永亭,刘乐军,等.声学地层剖面探测技术在金州湾人工岛场址勘察中的应用[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(5):841-848.
[7]LIU L J,FU M Z,LI J G,et al.Geologic hazards in the deep pipeline routing area of the Liwan 3-1Gas Field in the South China Sea[J].Advances in Marine Science,2014,32(2):162-174.刘乐军,傅命佐,李家钢,等.荔湾3-1气田海底管道深水段地质灾害特征[J].海洋科学进展,2014,32(2):162-174.
[8]LIU Z,CAO L H,TONG S Y,et al.Problems of application of high-frequency sub-bottom profiler technology to submarine pipeline inspection[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2015,31(7):66-70.刘臻,曹立华,童思友,等.高频浅地层剖面技术在海底管道探测中的应用[J].海洋地质前沿,2015,31(7):66-70.
[9]CAO L H,ZHAI K,PU J J,et al.Study on regional distribution pattern of subaqueous shore slope sediment movement in chengdao sea area[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2013,29(4):49-54.曹立华,翟科,蒲进菁,等.埕岛海区水下岸坡沉积物不稳定运动的区域差异性[J].海洋地质前沿,2013,29(4):49-54.
[10]ZHAO T H,ZHANG Z X,XU F.Analysis of typical problem for shallow acoustic surveying in the shallow waters[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exporation,2002,24(3):215-219.赵铁虎,张志珣,许枫.浅水区浅地层剖面测量典型问题分析[J].物探化探计算技术,2002,24(3):215-219.
[11]ZHAO T H.Submarine high-resolution acoustic detection and the application[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2011.赵铁虎.海底高分辨率声学探测及其应用[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011.
[12]DING W F,SU X H,JIANG W J,et al.Solving of several foreign commercial software's bug in sub-bottom profile acquisition[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2014,36(1):119-125.丁维凤,苏希华,蒋维杰,等.声学地层剖面野外数据采集几个关键问题的解决[J].海洋学报,2014,36(1):119-125.
[13]State Bureau of Technical Supervision.Acoustics:Free-field calibration method of underwater acoustic transducer:GB/T 3223—1994[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,1994.国家技术监督局.声学:水声换能器自由场校准方法:GB/T 3223—1994[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1994.
[14]State Bureau of Technical Supervision.Acoustics:Standard Hydrophone:GB/T 4128-1995[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,1995.国家技术监督局.声学:标准水听器:GB/T 4128-1995[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.
[15]General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.C.Acoustics:Measurement of underwater sound transducers:GB/T 7965—2002[S].Beijing:China Standards Press.国家质量监督检验检疫总局.声学:水声换能器测量:GB/T7965—2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[16]LIU B S,LEI J Y.Underwater acoustics principle[M].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University Press,1993.刘伯胜,雷家煜.水声学原理[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1993.
[17]LIU Y C,YANG F L,LI Q Q,et al.A method for detecting acoustical index of single-beam echosounders[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,2015,35(6):69-72.柳义成,阳凡林,李倩倩,等.单波束测深仪声学指标的检测方法[J].海洋测绘,2015,35(6):69-72.
[18]WANG Q,LIY Y C,BAO J Y.An analysis of vertical resolving power for subbottom profiler[J].Marine Science,2003,27(1):77-80.王琪,刘雁春,暴景阳.浅剖仪垂直探测分辨力分析[J].海洋科学,2003,27(1):77-80.
[19]WANG F Q.The research of the application and data interpretation of sub-bottom profiler[D].Qingdao,The First Institute of Oceanography,SOA,2010.王方旗.浅地层剖面仪的应用及资料解译研究[D].青岛:国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,2010.