苍术燥性探讨及研究展望
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摘要
苍术生品具有很强的燥性,目前国内外对于苍术燥性的研究及其临床应用大多局限于燥脾湿、健脾胃。而古人认为苍术能够治疗各种顽固水肿、湿症等。利用苍术的燥性治疗除脾湿以外的湿症也具有较好的前景,这不仅仅可以拓展苍术的临床应用,也可以为治疗一些顽固水肿、湿症提供新的思路。本文从古代医家对苍术燥性的认识进行古籍考察,搜集了历代所使用的苍术减燥方法,综述了目前国内外对苍术燥性成分、燥性药理的相关研究,从"燥胜则干"和"燥性伤阴"的中医基础理论出发,对苍术燥性的评价方法、苍术燥性物质基础以及利用苍术燥性物质治疗相关疾病作出展望。
Atractylodis Rhizoma has a strong dryness effect. At present,the research and its clinical application about dryness of Atractylodis Rhizoma,mostly confined to treat spleen and stomach. However,the ancients thought that Atractylodis Rhizoma can treat all kinds of stubborn edema,wetness and so on. Taking the dryness effect of Atractylodis Rhizoma for the treatment of wetness except spleen wetness also has good prospects,which not only can expand the clinical application of Atractylodis Rhizoma,but also provide new ideas for the treatment of some stubborn edema,wetness disease and so on. First,this paper investigated the ancient books about the dryness of Atractylodis Rhizoma from ancient medical scientist; and then, collected the methods of dryness of Atractylodis Rhizoma which used in the past dynasties,after that we also summarized the present related researches about the active compositions and pharmacology of dryness effect at home and abroad. At last,this paper prospected the evaluation methods and material foundations for the dryness of Atractylodis Rhizoma,and using the active compositions of dryness effect for the treatment of related diseases, based on the theory of predominant dryness causing withering and dryness-induced Yin deficiency.
Atractylodis Rhizoma has a strong dryness effect. At present,the research and its clinical application about dryness of Atractylodis Rhizoma,mostly confined to treat spleen and stomach. However,the ancients thought that Atractylodis Rhizoma can treat all kinds of stubborn edema,wetness and so on. Taking the dryness effect of Atractylodis Rhizoma for the treatment of wetness except spleen wetness also has good prospects,which not only can expand the clinical application of Atractylodis Rhizoma,but also provide new ideas for the treatment of some stubborn edema,wetness disease and so on. First,this paper investigated the ancient books about the dryness of Atractylodis Rhizoma from ancient medical scientist; and then, collected the methods of dryness of Atractylodis Rhizoma which used in the past dynasties,after that we also summarized the present related researches about the active compositions and pharmacology of dryness effect at home and abroad. At last,this paper prospected the evaluation methods and material foundations for the dryness of Atractylodis Rhizoma,and using the active compositions of dryness effect for the treatment of related diseases, based on the theory of predominant dryness causing withering and dryness-induced Yin deficiency.
引文
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[44]郝伟欣,李兴美,刘连起,等.增液润燥汤对诱导型干燥综合征小鼠唾液腺的影响[J].中华中医药杂志,2010,25(12):2153-2155.
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[2]于欢,刘德文,龚鹏飞,等.苍术炮制方法及其饮片的质量控制、药效评价研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2017,23(23):194-200.
[3]李勤劳.苍术炮制初探[J].中药通报,1985,10(5):21.
[4]刘艳菊,陈雯雯,曾敏,等.苍术炮制前后水提物药效学研究[J].中国中药杂志,2012,37(15):2276-2279.
[5]付伟,孙雄杰,李水清,等.苍术炒焦前后对湿阻中焦模型大鼠AQP2,AQP3含量的影响[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2016,22(19):19-22.
[6]陈雯雯.苍术麸炒前后氯仿和挥发油部位药效学及化学成分对比研究[D].武汉:湖北中医药大学,2013.
[7]季光琼,肖波,刘艳菊,等.苍术麸炒前后正丁醇部位对湿阻中焦证大鼠的药效学研究[J].中成药,2014,36(7):1527-1529.
[8]庞雪,刘玉强,刘小丹,等.苍术麸炒前后活性部位药效比较研究[J].中国药房,2016,27(10):1308-1311.
[9]龚鹏飞,于欢,翟莹莹,等.多指标评价米泔水漂苍术对湿盛困脾脾虚大鼠的药效作用[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2017,23(24):36-40.
[10]王丹凤,刘玉强,才谦.苍术麸炒前后健脾作用研究[J].时珍国医国药,2013,24(1):155-156.
[11]刘艳菊,曾敏,陈雯雯,等.气-质联用法分析苍术、麸炒苍术及其辅料麦麸的挥发性成分[J].中国医院药学杂志,2012,32(11):847-849.
[12]孟鹤,马跃平,王金辉,等.苍术麸炒前后正己烷提取物中化学成分的研究[J].时珍国医国药,2012,23(6):1412-1413.
[13]许腊英,田连起,李凯,等.GC-MS分析南北苍术炮制前后SFE-CO2萃取物[J].中药材,2007,30(1):16-20.
[14]赵青红.麸炒对苍术挥发油的影响及其与道地性的关系[D].北京:中国中医科学院,2009.
[15]石寿棠.医原[M].王新华,点注.南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1983:172.
[16]张景岳.景岳全书[M].夏之秋,校注.北京:中国中医药出版社,1996:630.
[17]汪昂.本草备要[M].谢观,董丰培,评校.北京:人民卫生出版社,2017:18.
[18]姚澜.本草分经[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1989:173.
[19]黄元御.玉楸药解[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2017:214.
[20]杜文燮.药鉴[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,2012:312.
[21]张秉成.本草便读[M].北京:学苑出版社,2010:23.
[22]吴仪洛.本草从新[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2013:10.
[23]钱俊华.本草害利[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2013:89.
[24]陈士铎.本草新编[M].柳长华,徐春波,校.北京:人民军医出版社,2013:43.
[25]李中梓.雷公炮制药性解[M].钱允治,订正.金芷君,校注.北京:中国中医药出版社,1998:241.
[26]李时珍.本草纲目[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:596.
[27]陈其瑞.本草撮要[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1985:147.
[28]黄宫绣.本草求真[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,2015:124.
[29]汪仞庵.本草易读[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1987:232.
[30]严洁.得配本草[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1997:38.
[31]龚千锋.中药炮制学[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2016:144-146.
[32]蔡宝昌.中药炮制学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:45.
[33]刘庆林.苍术药对的临床应用[J].湖南中医杂志,2002,18(5):45-46.
[34]佚名.神农本草经[M].森立之,辑.北京:北京科学技术出版社,2016:41.
[35]郝延军.白术的炮制原理研究[D].沈阳:辽宁中医药大学,2006.
[36]容穗华,林海,高妮.白术炮制工艺及炮制原理的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2011,36(8):1001-1003.
[37]赵文龙,吴慧,单国顺,等.麸炒白术“减酮减燥,增酯增效”炮制理论的再印证[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(20):3493-3497.
[38]许晨曦,刘玉强,张丝雨,等.生、麸炒苍术对大鼠AQP1、AQP5及血液流变学的影响[J].中药材,2015,38(10):2056-2059.
[39]胡平,村上政隆,张前德,等.养阴清热活血中药对大鼠离体灌流颌下腺唾液分泌的作用[J].微循环学杂志,2010,20(4):22-25.
[40]张前德,魏睦新,林青.丹芪颗粒干预干燥综合征模型大鼠颌下腺水通道蛋白-5的表达研究[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2010,16(15):105-109.
[41]李碧霞,陈倩怡,戴振晖,等.放射性口干症动物模型建立及颌下腺放射性组织损伤的生物学效应[J].中国组织工程研究,2017,21(32):5164-5169.
[42]秦源,林崇泽,孙晗,等.益气养阴祛瘀方对干燥综合征颌下腺细胞AQP5及M3R表达的影响[J].中国中医急症,2017,26(1):5-8.
[43]袁斯远,郝伟欣,刘连起,等.增液润燥汤对干燥综合征NOD小鼠颌下腺的影响[J].中华中医药杂志,2016,31(8):3024-3027.
[44]郝伟欣,李兴美,刘连起,等.增液润燥汤对诱导型干燥综合征小鼠唾液腺的影响[J].中华中医药杂志,2010,25(12):2153-2155.
[45]Shida Y,Matsuoka H,Chiga M,et al.Characterization of AQP-2 gene mutation(R254Q)in a family with dominant nephrogenic DI[J].Pediatr Int,2013,55(1):105-107.
[46]Umejiego E N,WANG Y,Knepper M A,et al.Roflumilast and aquaporin-2 regulation in rat renal inner medullary collecting duct[J].Physio Rep,2017,5(2):e13121.
[47]Loh S Y,Giribabu N,Gholami K,et al.Effects of testosterone on mean arterial pressure and aquaporin(AQP)-1,2,3,4,6 and 7 expressions in the kidney of orchidectomized,adult male Sprague-Dawley rats[J].Arch Biochem Biophys,2017,614:41-49.
[48]GAO J,GU Z,LI M,et al.L-Carnitine ameliorates the decrease of aquaporin 2 levels in rats with cisplatininduced kidney injury[J].Nephron,2017,135(4):315-325.
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