巨厚松散层力学性质及其对地表下沉的影响
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摘要
开采引起的地表下沉与上覆岩土层的性质与结构密切相关,巨厚松散层条件下开采下沉规律具有特殊性。采用土工试验、数值模拟等相结合的方法,对巨厚松散层的力学性质及其对地表下沉的影响进行了研究。通过三轴不固结不排水试验对焦作矿区地表黏性土的抗剪强度进行了研究,得到焦作矿区松散层土体的内摩擦角和内聚力范围。以巨厚松散层条件下某工作面为实例,结合三轴试验结果,研究了不同巨厚松散层厚度、松散层内摩擦角和内聚力对地表下沉的影响;并将数值模拟结果与实测结果进行了对比验证。结果表明:地表最大下沉值随松散层厚度的增加而增加,随着松散层内摩擦角、内聚力的增加而减小。将巨厚松散层力学性质土工试验结果与开采下沉结合起来,对开采下沉的研究具有一定的指导意义。
The surface subsidence caused by mining is closely related to the nature and structure of the overlying strata and soil layer,and the characteristics of mining subsidence under the condition of superthick alluvium is special.By means of geotechnical test and numerical simulation,the mechanical properties of super-thick alluvium and its influence on the surface subsidence were studied.The shear strength of clayey soil in Jiaozuo mining area were studied through unconsolidated undrained triaxial test,and the range of internal friction angle and cohesion force of clayey soil in Jiaozuo mining area were presented.Taking apanel covered by super-thick alluvium as an example,combined with the triaxial shear test results,the influences of thickness,friction angle and cohesive force of alluvium on the surface subsidence were researched.The results of the numerical simulation were compared with the measured results.The results show that the maximum surface subsidence value increases with the increase of the thickness of alluvium,and decreases with the increase of the friction angle and cohesive force.This paper combines the geotechnical test results of super-thick alluvium mechanical property with the surface subsidence induced by mining,which has a certain guiding significance for the study of the mining subsidence.
The surface subsidence caused by mining is closely related to the nature and structure of the overlying strata and soil layer,and the characteristics of mining subsidence under the condition of superthick alluvium is special.By means of geotechnical test and numerical simulation,the mechanical properties of super-thick alluvium and its influence on the surface subsidence were studied.The shear strength of clayey soil in Jiaozuo mining area were studied through unconsolidated undrained triaxial test,and the range of internal friction angle and cohesion force of clayey soil in Jiaozuo mining area were presented.Taking apanel covered by super-thick alluvium as an example,combined with the triaxial shear test results,the influences of thickness,friction angle and cohesive force of alluvium on the surface subsidence were researched.The results of the numerical simulation were compared with the measured results.The results show that the maximum surface subsidence value increases with the increase of the thickness of alluvium,and decreases with the increase of the friction angle and cohesive force.This paper combines the geotechnical test results of super-thick alluvium mechanical property with the surface subsidence induced by mining,which has a certain guiding significance for the study of the mining subsidence.
引文
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[15]Zhou D W,Wu K,Cheng G L,et al.Mechanism of mining subsidence in coal mining area with thick alluvium soil in China[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2015,8(4):1855-1867.
[16]Zhang J X,Zhang Q,Sun Q,et al.Surface subsidence control theory and application to backfill coal mining technology[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(2):1439-1448.
[17]陈磊.巨厚冲积层薄基岩下开采地表移动规律研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2011.CHEN Lei.Study on surface movement by mining under thick alluvium and thin bedrock[D].Jiaozuo:Henan Polytechnic University,2011.(in Chinese)
[18]Wu K,Cheng G L,Zhou D W.Experimental research on dynamic movement in strata overlying coal mines using similar material modeling[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2015,8(9):6521-6534.
[19]Jiang M J,Zhang F G,Hu H J,et al.Structural characterization of natural loess and remolded loess under triaxial tests[J].Engineering Geology,2014,181:249-260.
[20]Mirzababaei M,Mohamed M,Arulrajah A,et al.Practical approach to predict the shear strength of fibre-reinforced clay[J].Geosynthetics International,2018,25(1):50-66.
[2]Wang X,Meng F B.Statistical analysis of large accidents in China’s coal mines in 2016[J].Natural Hazards,2018,92(1):311-325.
[3]王金庄,常占强,陈勇.厚松散层条件下开采程度及地表下沉模式的研究[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(3):230-234.WANG Jinzhuang,CHANG Zhanqiang,CHEN Yong.Study on mining degree and patterns of ground subsidence in condition of mining under thick unconsolidated layers[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(3):230-234.(in Chinese)
[4]Guo W B,Xu F Y.Numerical simulation of overburden and surface movements for Wongawilli strip pillar mining[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2016,26(1):71-76.
[5]张文泉,刘海林,赵凯,等.厚松散层薄基岩条带开采地表沉陷影响因素研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(6):1065-1071.ZHANG Wenquan,LIU Hailin,ZHAO Kai,et al.Influential factors on surface subsidence in stripe mining under thick unconsolidated layers and thin bedrock[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2016,33(6):1065-1071.(in Chinese)
[6]郭文兵,黄成飞,陈俊杰.厚湿陷黄土层下综放开采动态地表移动特征[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(z1):38-43.GUO Wenbing,HUANG Chengfei,CHEN Junjie.The dynamic surface movement characteristics of fully mechanized caving mining under thick hydrous collapsed loess[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(z1):38-43.(in Chinese)
[7]郭文兵,刘大超,白二虎,等.基于概率积分法的下沉曲线公式修正[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,35(3):357-362.GUO Wenbing,LIU Dachao,BAI Erhu,et al.Modification of subsidence prediction formula based on probability integral method[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science),2016,35(3):357-362.(in Chinese)
[8]陈俊杰,邹友峰,郭文兵,等.厚松散层下下沉系数与采动程度关系研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(2):250-254.CHEN Junjie,ZOU Youfeng,GUO Wenbing,et al.Study on the relationship between subsidence coefficient and mining degree under a thick alluvium stratum[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2012,29(2):250-254.(in Chinese)
[9]陈俊杰,陈勇,郭文兵,等.厚松散层开采条件下地表移动规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(11):95-97,102.CHEN Junjie,CHEN Yong,GUO Wenbing,et al.Study on surface movement law under the condition of thick unconsolidated strata[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(11):95-97,102.(in Chinese)
[10]许国胜,李德海,侯得峰,等.厚松散层下开采地表动态移动变形规律实测及预测研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(7):2056-2062.XU Guosheng,LI Dehai,HOU Defeng,et al.Measurement and prediction of the transientsurface movement and deformation induced by mining under thick alluvium[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(7):2056-2062.(in Chinese)
[11]刘义新,戴华阳,郭文兵,等.巨厚松散层下深部宽条带开采地表移动规律[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(3):336-340.LIU Yixin,DAI Huayang,GUO Wenbing,et al.Surface movement laws of deep wide strip-pillar mining under thick alluvium[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2009,26(3):336-340.(in Chinese)
[12]刘义新,戴华阳,姜耀东.厚松散层矿区采动岩土体移动规律模拟试验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(5):700-706.LIU Yixin,DAI Huayang,JIANG Yaodong.Model test for mining-induced movement law of rock and soil mass under thick unconsolidated layers[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(5):700-706.(in Chinese)
[13]Hamdi P,Stead D,Elmo D,et al.Use of an integrated finite/discrete element method-discrete fracture network approach to characterize surface subsidence associated with sub-level caving[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2018,103:55-67.
[14]周大伟.煤矿开采沉陷中岩土体的协同机理及预测[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2014.ZHOU Dawei.The synergy mechanism between rock mass and soil in mining subsidence and its prediction[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2014.(in Chinese)
[15]Zhou D W,Wu K,Cheng G L,et al.Mechanism of mining subsidence in coal mining area with thick alluvium soil in China[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2015,8(4):1855-1867.
[16]Zhang J X,Zhang Q,Sun Q,et al.Surface subsidence control theory and application to backfill coal mining technology[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(2):1439-1448.
[17]陈磊.巨厚冲积层薄基岩下开采地表移动规律研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2011.CHEN Lei.Study on surface movement by mining under thick alluvium and thin bedrock[D].Jiaozuo:Henan Polytechnic University,2011.(in Chinese)
[18]Wu K,Cheng G L,Zhou D W.Experimental research on dynamic movement in strata overlying coal mines using similar material modeling[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2015,8(9):6521-6534.
[19]Jiang M J,Zhang F G,Hu H J,et al.Structural characterization of natural loess and remolded loess under triaxial tests[J].Engineering Geology,2014,181:249-260.
[20]Mirzababaei M,Mohamed M,Arulrajah A,et al.Practical approach to predict the shear strength of fibre-reinforced clay[J].Geosynthetics International,2018,25(1):50-66.
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