产用融合——智能技术群驱动的第五制造范式
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摘要
到目前为止,制造范式演进经历了4个阶段:手工制造、大机器生产、流水线生产、大规模定制。通过对历次制造范式演进历史的分析和研究,文章提出一个相对固定的制造范式是在技术、社会环境、制造价值观和制度4个因素影响下塑造出来的。其中,技术只是构造制造范式内部结构的工具,具有多重可能性,但适应社会环境和满足制造价值观的需要使得只有一种制造的内部结构可以被称为制造范式。在基本制造范式形成的基础上,制度的作用在于使已经形成的范式得到巩固和优化。现在,全球范围内正在进入智能技术革命与产业革命交织发生的新时期,文章基于研究认为,基于智能技术群,将会形成一个被称为"产用融合"的新制造范式,它将是继大规模定制之后的第五制造范式。
Up to now, the manufacturing paradigm has gone through four stages: manual manufacturing, large machine production, assembly line production, and mass customization. Through the analysis on and research of the evolution history of the manufacturing paradigms, this study expounds that a relatively fixed manufacturing paradigm is influenced and shaped by four factors: technology, social environment, values, and system. Among them technology, which brings with multiple possibilities, serves to construct the internal structure of the manufacturing paradigm, though only one manufactured internal structure can be called a manufacturing paradigm that adapts to the social environment and meets the values. On the basis of Basic Manufacturing Paradigm, the system serves to consolidate and upgrade the already existed paradigm. Against the backdrop of intelligent technology revolution and industrial revolution worldwide, this paper points out that a new manufacturing paradigm called "Production and Use Integration" will be formed based on intelligent technology, which will contribute to the advent of the fifth form of manufacturing after the mass customization.
Up to now, the manufacturing paradigm has gone through four stages: manual manufacturing, large machine production, assembly line production, and mass customization. Through the analysis on and research of the evolution history of the manufacturing paradigms, this study expounds that a relatively fixed manufacturing paradigm is influenced and shaped by four factors: technology, social environment, values, and system. Among them technology, which brings with multiple possibilities, serves to construct the internal structure of the manufacturing paradigm, though only one manufactured internal structure can be called a manufacturing paradigm that adapts to the social environment and meets the values. On the basis of Basic Manufacturing Paradigm, the system serves to consolidate and upgrade the already existed paradigm. Against the backdrop of intelligent technology revolution and industrial revolution worldwide, this paper points out that a new manufacturing paradigm called "Production and Use Integration" will be formed based on intelligent technology, which will contribute to the advent of the fifth form of manufacturing after the mass customization.
引文
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2杨青峰.未来制造:人工智能与工业互联网驱动的制造范式革命.北京:电子工业出版社,2018:4-76.
3马克思.资本论.郭大力,王亚南,译.上海:上海三联书店,2017:233-268.
4大卫·E·奈.百年流水线:一部工业技术进步史.史雷,译.北京:机械出版社,2017:43.
5詹姆斯·P·沃麦克,丹尼尔·T·琼斯,丹尼尔·鲁斯.改变世界的机器——精益生产之道.余锋,张冬,陶建刚,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2015:101-102.
6福特.商业的秘密:福特大传.陈永年,译.北京:企业管理出版社,2012:265-268.
7布莱恩·阿瑟.技术的本质.曹东溟,王健,译.杭州:浙江人民出版社,2016:215.
8杨青峰.智能爆发:新工业革命与新产品创造浪潮.北京:电子工业出版社,2017.
9杨青峰.智变:新工业思维.北京:电子工业出版社,2016:55,171-180.