氢液化技术研究进展及能耗分析
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摘要
氢能是一种新型清洁无污染的二次能源,是我国能源结构调整中不可缺少的组成部分。在氢能的应用中,液氢具有较高的体积与质量存储密度,适合大规模运输及应用,能够显著降低市场化应用的成本。着重分析了氢液化技术的研究进展以及国际上的液氢研究项目:日本WE-NET (World Energy Network)及欧洲IDEALHY (Integrated Design for Efficient Advanced Liquefaction of Hydrogen)。从压缩能耗、液化能耗、运输能耗、总能耗四个方面进行高压氢与液氢的能耗对比,分析结果表明,对于液氢的运输能耗随里程增加缓慢,高压气氢的运输能耗随里程增加成直线上升;运输里程在约500 km时,液氢的总能耗将低于高压气氢,液化能耗在总能耗中占的比例减少。总结了目前氢液化过程相关技术的研究热点跟难点,并对未来液氢的大规模应用进行展望。
Hydrogen is a new kind of clean and pollution-free secondary energy,and an indispensable part of our energy structure adjustment. In the large-scale application of hydrogen energy,liquid hydrogen can significantly reduce the cost due to its high volume and weight storage density. This paper mainly analyzed the progress of hydrogen liquefaction technology and the characteristics and key parameters of the international liquid hydrogen research projects,that were the World Energy Network of Japan and the Integrated Design for Efficient Advanced Liquefaction of Hydrogen in European. Then,the economic comparison between high-pressure hydrogen and liquid hydrogen was made from four aspects of compression power,liquefaction power,transportation power and total power. The results show that the transport power of liquid hydrogen increases slowly with the mileage,while the transport power of high-pressure gas hydrogen increases quickly and linearly with the mileage. When the transportation mileage is about 500 km,the total power consumption of liquid hydrogen will be lower than that of high-pressure gas hydrogen,and the proportion of hydrogen liquefaction power consumption in the total power consumption will be reduced. In the last,the hot and difficult subject of liquid hydrogen in the field of civilian application are prospected and summarized.
Hydrogen is a new kind of clean and pollution-free secondary energy,and an indispensable part of our energy structure adjustment. In the large-scale application of hydrogen energy,liquid hydrogen can significantly reduce the cost due to its high volume and weight storage density. This paper mainly analyzed the progress of hydrogen liquefaction technology and the characteristics and key parameters of the international liquid hydrogen research projects,that were the World Energy Network of Japan and the Integrated Design for Efficient Advanced Liquefaction of Hydrogen in European. Then,the economic comparison between high-pressure hydrogen and liquid hydrogen was made from four aspects of compression power,liquefaction power,transportation power and total power. The results show that the transport power of liquid hydrogen increases slowly with the mileage,while the transport power of high-pressure gas hydrogen increases quickly and linearly with the mileage. When the transportation mileage is about 500 km,the total power consumption of liquid hydrogen will be lower than that of high-pressure gas hydrogen,and the proportion of hydrogen liquefaction power consumption in the total power consumption will be reduced. In the last,the hot and difficult subject of liquid hydrogen in the field of civilian application are prospected and summarized.
引文
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[2]许炜,陶占良,陈军,等.储氢研究进展[J].化学进展,2006,18(2):200-210.
[3]KRASAE-IN S,STANG J H,NEKSA P. Development of large-scale hydrogen liquefaction processes from 1898to 2009[J]. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy,2010,35(10):4524-4533.
[4]OHIRA K. A summary of liquid hydrogen and cryogenic technologies in Japan’s WE‐NET project[C]//AIP Conf. Proc. AIP,2004,710(1):27-34.
[5] ESSLER J,HABERSTROH C,QUACK H,et al.Report on technology overview and barriers to energyand cost-efficient large scale hydrogen liquefaction[R].Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking,2012.
[6]QUACK H,SEEMANN I,KLAUS M,et al. Selection of components for the IDEALHY preferred cycle for the large scale liquefaction of hydrogen[C]//AIP Conf.Proc. AIP,2014,1573(1):237-244.
[7] VALENTI G. Proposal of an innovative, highefciency,large-scale hydrogen liqueer[J]. Int. J.Hydrogen Energy,2008,33(12):3116–21.
[8]QUACK H. Conceptual design of a high efficiency large capacity hydrogen liquefier[C]//AIP Conf. Proc.AIP,2002,613(1):255-263.
[9]BERSTAD D O,STANG J H,NEKSA P. Large-scale hydrogen liquefier utilising mixed-refrigerant precooling[J]. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy,2010,35(10):4512-4523.
[10]MINTZ M,ELGOWAINY A. Hydrogen delivery infrastructure analysis[Z]. Proceedings of the DOE Fuel Cell Technologies Annual Merit Review,Washington DC,2010.
[11]余志生.汽车理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[12]SCHWARTZ J. Advanced hydrogen liquefaction process[R]. DOE Annual Merit Review Meeting,PraxairTonawanda,NY. 2011.
[13] DRNEVICH R. Hydrogen delivery–liquefaction&compression[R]. Strategic Initiatives for Hydrogen Delivery Workshop,Praxair. 2003.