饲料牛磺酸含量对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能、体成分、TauT mRNA表达量及牛磺酸合成关键酶活性的影响
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摘要
为探讨饲料牛磺酸含量对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能、体成分、TauT mRNA表达量及牛磺酸合成关键酶(CSD和CDO)活性的影响,实验在以酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源的基础饲料(0DT)中分别添加0.5%(0.5DT)、1.0%(1.0DT)、1.5%(1.5DT)的牛磺酸,配制成4种不同牛磺酸含量的饲料。将平均体质量为(13.85±0.25) g的320尾斜带石斑鱼幼鱼随机分为4组,每组4个循环水族箱,每箱放养20尾鱼,每组分别投喂一种相同实验饲料,每天定时投喂实验饲料至表观饱食状态,实验为期84 d。结果显示,在0DT饲料中补充外源牛磺酸能显著提高饲料效率、摄食率、增重率和全鱼粗蛋白含量,而显著降低肝体比和全鱼粗脂肪含量。组织中肝脏、肌肉、肠道TauT mRNA表达量在1.0DT组时达到最大值,且显著高于其他各组,当饲料牛磺酸含量继续增加至1.5DT组时明显降低,但仍显著高于0DT和1.0DT组。斜带石斑鱼幼鱼血浆、肝脏、肠道和肌肉中牛磺酸含量与饲料牛磺酸含量之间呈正相关。饲料中补充外源牛磺酸能够显著降低肝脏、肌肉中CSD活性,同时降低血浆、肝脏、肠道和肌肉中CDO活性,但对血浆CSD活性无显著影响。研究表明,饲料中补充外源牛磺酸能够明显促进斜带石斑鱼幼鱼生长,增加鱼体蛋白沉积,同时降低鱼体脂肪沉积,上调组织中TauT mRNA表达水平及提高牛磺酸蓄积,降低牛磺酸合成关键酶活性。研究表明,以增重率为目标,通过二次多项式回归分析,饲料中牛磺酸的适宜含量为0.92%。
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary taurine concentrations on growth performance, body composition, tissue mRNA expression of taurine transporter(TauT) and key enzyme activities of taurine synthesis(cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase and cysteine dioxygenase, i.e. CSD and CDO) in juvenile grouper(Epinephelus coioides). Four diets at 0(0 DT), 0.5%(0.5 DT), 1.0%(1.0 DT) and 1.5%(1.5 DT) taurine levels were formulated using casein and gelatin as the protein source. A total of 320 juvenile fish with an average weight of(13.85±0.25) g were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicate tanks at a stock density of 20 fish per tank, and each group of fish was fed one of the same experimental diets to apparent satiation each time during a feeding period of 84 days. Results showed that the feed efficiency, feeding rate, weight gain rate and whole-body crude protein content for fish fed the diets with taurine administration were significantly increased, but hepatosomatic index and whole-body crude lipid content were significantly decreased in comparison with 0 DT.The dietary taurine addition significantly upregulated tissue mRNA expression levels of TauT and 1.0 DT had the highest level of tissue mRNA expression, which declined with concentrations of taurine, but still was significantly higher than 0 DT and 0.5 DT. There was a positive correlation between concentrations of taurine in serum, liver,intestine and muscle of juvenile E. coioides and dietary taurine content. The CSD activities in liver, muscle and the CDO activities in plasma, liver, intestine and muscle were significantly decreased by dietary taurine administration, however, the plasma CSD activity was not affected by dietary taurine administration. The results suggested that dietary taurine addition could improve the growth performance of juvenile E. coioides, increase whole-body protein deposit, decrease whole-body lipid deposit, enhance the expression level of TauT mRNA and taurine content in tissues, reduce key enzyme actvities of taurine synthesis. The optimal dietary taurine content for juvenile E. coioides was 0.92% based on the regression analysis between weight gain rate and dietary taurine content.
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary taurine concentrations on growth performance, body composition, tissue mRNA expression of taurine transporter(TauT) and key enzyme activities of taurine synthesis(cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase and cysteine dioxygenase, i.e. CSD and CDO) in juvenile grouper(Epinephelus coioides). Four diets at 0(0 DT), 0.5%(0.5 DT), 1.0%(1.0 DT) and 1.5%(1.5 DT) taurine levels were formulated using casein and gelatin as the protein source. A total of 320 juvenile fish with an average weight of(13.85±0.25) g were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicate tanks at a stock density of 20 fish per tank, and each group of fish was fed one of the same experimental diets to apparent satiation each time during a feeding period of 84 days. Results showed that the feed efficiency, feeding rate, weight gain rate and whole-body crude protein content for fish fed the diets with taurine administration were significantly increased, but hepatosomatic index and whole-body crude lipid content were significantly decreased in comparison with 0 DT.The dietary taurine addition significantly upregulated tissue mRNA expression levels of TauT and 1.0 DT had the highest level of tissue mRNA expression, which declined with concentrations of taurine, but still was significantly higher than 0 DT and 0.5 DT. There was a positive correlation between concentrations of taurine in serum, liver,intestine and muscle of juvenile E. coioides and dietary taurine content. The CSD activities in liver, muscle and the CDO activities in plasma, liver, intestine and muscle were significantly decreased by dietary taurine administration, however, the plasma CSD activity was not affected by dietary taurine administration. The results suggested that dietary taurine addition could improve the growth performance of juvenile E. coioides, increase whole-body protein deposit, decrease whole-body lipid deposit, enhance the expression level of TauT mRNA and taurine content in tissues, reduce key enzyme actvities of taurine synthesis. The optimal dietary taurine content for juvenile E. coioides was 0.92% based on the regression analysis between weight gain rate and dietary taurine content.
引文
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[6]Wang X,He G,Mai K S,et al.Differential regulation of taurine biosynthesis in rainbow trout and Japanese flounder[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:21231.
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[12]张小龙,邓欢,陈澄,等.牛磺酸转运体的调节机制及其在动物营养研究中的意义[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(10):2222-2230.Zhang X L,Deng H,Chen C,et al.Taurine transporter:Regulation mechanism and significance in animal nutrition studies[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2013,25(10):2222-2230(in Chinese).
[13]Ito T,Oishi S,Takai M,et al.Cardiac and skeletal muscle abnormality in taurine transporter-knockout mice[J].Journal of Biomedical Science,2010,17(S1):S20.
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[15]Takeuchi K,Toyohara H,Kinoshita M,et al.Ubiquitous increase in taurine transporter mRNA in tissues of tilapia(Oreochromis mossambicus)during high-salinity adaptation[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2000,23(2):173-182.
[16]Takeuchi K,Toyohara H,Sakaguchi M.A hyperosmotic stress-induced mRNA of carp cell encodes Na+-and Cl--dependent high affinity taurine transporter 1[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta(BBA)-Biomembranes,2000,1464(2):219-230.
[17]艾春香,李少菁,王桂忠,等.石斑鱼的营养需求及其饲料的研制[J].海洋水产研究,2004,25(6):86-92.Ai C X,Li S J,Wang G Z,et al.A review of nutrient requirements and diets of groupers[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2004,25(6):86-92(in Chinese).
[18]王学习,周铭文,黄岩,等.饲料牛磺酸水平对不同生长阶段斜带石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能和体成分的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(5):1810-1820.Wang X X,Zhou M W,Huang Y,et al.Effects of dietary taurine level on growth performance and body composition of juvenile grouper(Epinephelus coioides)at different growth periods[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(5):1810-1820(in Chinese).
[19]李家旭,叶继丹.斜带石斑鱼牛磺酸转运蛋白基因的克隆及饲料牛磺酸含量对其表达的影响[J].水产学杂志,2016,29(5):48-54.Li J X,Ye J D.Cloning and expression of taurine transporter(TauT)gene and effect dietary taurine level on expression of TauT gene in Orange-spotted grouper(Epinephelus coioides)[J].Chinese Journal of Fisheries,2016,29(5):48-54(in Chinese).
[20]周铭文,王和伟,叶继丹.斜带石斑鱼生长性能、体成分和组织游离氨基酸含量对饲料中牛磺酸含量的响应[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(3):785-794.Zhou M W,Wang H W,Ye J D.Responses of growth performance,body composition and tissue free amino acid contents of grouper(Epinephelus coioides)to dietary taurine content[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(3):785-794(in Chinese).
[21]Matsunari H,Furuita H,Yamamoto T,et al.Effect of dietary taurine and cystine on growth performance of juvenile red sea bream Pagrus major[J].Aquaculture,2008,274(1):142-147.
[22]Kim S K,Takeuchi T,Akimoto A,et al.Effect of taurine supplemented practical diet on growth performance and taurine contents in whole body and tissues of juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus[J].Fisheries Science,2005,71(3):627-632.
[23]Pinto W,Figueira L,Santos A,et al.Is dietary taurine supplementation beneficial for gilthead seabream(Sparus aurata)larvae?[J].Aquaculture,2013,384-387:1-5.
[24]Yokoyama M,Nakazoe J I.Accumulation and excretion of taurine in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)fed diets supplemented with methionine,cystine and taurine[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,1992,102(3):565-568.
[25]Yue Y R,Liu Y J,Tian L X,et al.The effect of dietary taurine supplementation on growth performance,feed utilization and taurine contents in tissues of juvenile white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei,Boone,1931)fed with low-fishmeal diets[J].Aquaculture Research,2013,44(8):1317-1325.
[26]Takaoka O,Takii K,Nakamura M,et al.Identification of feeding stimulants for marbled rockfish[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,1990,56(2):345-351.
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