腐熟小麦秸秆对烤烟品质的影响
|
摘要
为探究施用腐熟秸秆对烤烟品质的影响,以中烟100为试验材料,通过田间试验,设置不同腐熟秸杆用量0 kg/hm~2(CK)、3 750 kg/hm~2(T1)、7 500 kg/hm~2(T2)、11 250 kg/hm~2(T3)共4个处理,研究腐熟秸秆施用对烤烟化学成分、致香物质含量、感官质量的影响。结果表明,处理T2、T3的还原糖与总糖比值比CK分别提高5.06%和4.94%,糖碱比处理T3比CK提高了23.39%,钾含量处理T2和T3相对于CK分别提高22.26%和16.12%;处理T2香气物质总量为675.20μg/g,相对于对照提高了32.36%,各处理中性致香物质含量显著高于对照;香气质、香气量、浓度、杂气和燃烧性得分均以处理T2最高,处理T2的感官质量总得分也最高,为62.71,其次为处理T3,总得分为62.43。综合来看,施用腐熟秸杆可以提高烤烟品质,施用量为7 500 kg/hm~2最佳,结果为河南浓香型特色烟叶生产提供参考依据。
In order to explore the effect of decomposed straw on the quality of flue-cured tobacco,this paper took"Zhongyan 100"as test material,set up 4 treatments of different decomposed straw dosages,including 0 kg/hm~2( CK),3 750 kg/hm~2( T1),7 500 kg/hm~2( T2),11 250 kg/hm~2( T3); and studied the effects of decomposed straw on chemical composition,aroma content and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco by field trials. The results showed that the ratios of reducing sugar and total sugar of T2 and T3 were 5.06% and 4.94% higher than that of the CK,respectively; sugar-nicotine ratio of T3 was 23.39% higher than that of the CK; potassium contents of T2 and T3 were22.26% and 16. 12% higher than that of the CK. The total amount of aromatic substance in T2 was 675. 20 μg/g increased by 32. 36% than that of the CK,and the contents of neutral aromatic substance in all treatments were significantly higher than that of the CK. The aroma quality, aroma quantity, concentration, stray air and combustibility of T2 were the highest,and total sensory quality score of T2 was the highest at 62.71,followed by T3 at 62.43. On the whole,the application of decomposed straw could improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco. The best application quantity was 7 500 kg/hm~2. Those results provided reference basis for producing flue-cured tobacco with strong-flavor of special type in Henan province.
In order to explore the effect of decomposed straw on the quality of flue-cured tobacco,this paper took"Zhongyan 100"as test material,set up 4 treatments of different decomposed straw dosages,including 0 kg/hm~2( CK),3 750 kg/hm~2( T1),7 500 kg/hm~2( T2),11 250 kg/hm~2( T3); and studied the effects of decomposed straw on chemical composition,aroma content and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco by field trials. The results showed that the ratios of reducing sugar and total sugar of T2 and T3 were 5.06% and 4.94% higher than that of the CK,respectively; sugar-nicotine ratio of T3 was 23.39% higher than that of the CK; potassium contents of T2 and T3 were22.26% and 16. 12% higher than that of the CK. The total amount of aromatic substance in T2 was 675. 20 μg/g increased by 32. 36% than that of the CK,and the contents of neutral aromatic substance in all treatments were significantly higher than that of the CK. The aroma quality, aroma quantity, concentration, stray air and combustibility of T2 were the highest,and total sensory quality score of T2 was the highest at 62.71,followed by T3 at 62.43. On the whole,the application of decomposed straw could improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco. The best application quantity was 7 500 kg/hm~2. Those results provided reference basis for producing flue-cured tobacco with strong-flavor of special type in Henan province.
引文
[1]刘国顺,刘韶松,贾新成,等.烟田施用有机肥对土壤理化性状和烟叶香气成分含量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2005,11(3):29-33.Liu G S,Liu S S,Jia X C,et al..Influence of physicochemical property of soil and the tobacco aroma composition by using organic fertilizer in the tobacco farmland[J].Acta Tab.Sin.,2005,11(3):29-33.
[2]周米良,邓小华,田峰,等.玉米秸秆促腐还田的腐解及对烤烟生长与产质量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2016,22(2):67-74.Zhou M L,Deng X H,Tian F,et al..Decomposition of maize stalk in field under different decay conditions and its effect on growth,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Tab.Sin.,2016,22(2):67-74.
[3]杨滨娟,钱海燕,黄国勤,等.秸秆还田及其研究进展[J].农学学报,2012,2(5):1-4.Yang B J,Qian H Y,Huang G Q,et al..Research progress and rice-straw returning[J].J Agric.,2012,2(5):1-4.
[4]陈治锋,邓小华,周米良,等.秸秆和绿肥还田对烤烟光合生理指标及经济性状的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(2):410-415.Chen Z F,Deng X H,Zhou M L,et al..Effects of green manures and maize stalks returning back to field on photosynthetic characteristics and economic character of fluecured tobacco[J].Acta Agric.Nucl.Sin.,2017,31(2):410-415.
[5]韦凤杰,宋六明,苏新宏,等.不同地表覆盖对烤烟香气成分和含量的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2017(5):609-614.Wei F J,Song L M,Su X H,et al..Effects of different mulching method on content of aroma components and flavor quality in flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Henan Agric.Univ.,2017(5):609-614.
[6]刘燕,阙劲松,于良君,等.烤烟致香物质含量的主要影响因素及其提高的可能途径[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(22):83-89.Liu Y,Que J S,Yu L J,et al..The main factors influencing the content of aromatic substance in flue-cured tobacco leaves and possible measures for improving its content[J].Chin.Agric.Sci.Bull.,2013,29(22):83-89.
[7]王绍坤,张晓海,李金培,等.秸秆还田对烟区土壤和烟叶产质量的效应[J].中国农学通报,2000,16(5):11-13.Wang S K,Zhang X H,Li J P,et al..A research on soil property effects of yield and quality of tobacco by application of cutting crop straw returning back to field as fertilizer[J].Chin.Agric.Sci.Bull.,2000,16(5):11-13.
[8]付丽波,王毅,瞿兴,等.秸秆和氮肥配合施用对高肥力植烟土壤理化性质的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2004,23(3):295-299.Fu L B,Wang Y,Qu X,et al..Effect of wheat straw on physical and chemical properties in fertile soil planted fluecured tobacco[J].Huazhong Agric.Univ.,2004,23(3):295-299.
[9]王新瑞.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.Wang X R.Tobacco Chemistry[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2003.
[10]代晓燕,张芊,王建安,等.不同钾肥施用量及基追施比对烤烟中性致香物质含量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2014,35(1):26-31.Dai X Y,Zhang Q,Wang J A,et al..Effects of different potassium fertilization modes on neutral aroma components in flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Chin.Tob.Sci.,2014,35(1):26-31.
[11]王建伟,刘海轮,段卫东,等.环秦岭植烟区烟叶主要化学成分特征及其与评吸质量的关系[J].烟草科技,2016,49(2):7-13.Wang J W,Liu H L,Duan W D,et al..Characteristics of main chemical components in flue-cured tobacco leaves from areas around Qinling mountains and their relationship with cigarette smoking quality[J].Tobacco Sci.Tech.,2016,49(2):7-13.
[12]周昆,周清明,胡晓兰.烤烟香气物质研究进展[J].中国烟草科学,2008,29(2):58-61.Zhou K,Zhou Q M,Hu X L.Advance in aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco[J].Chin.Tob.Sci.,2008,29(2):58-61.
[13]Ames J M.Applications of the Maillard reaction in the food industry[J].Food Chem.,1998,62(4):431-439.
[14]于建军,庞天河,任晓红,等.烤烟中性致香物质与评吸结果关系研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2006,40(4):346-349.Yu J J,Pang T H,Ren X H,et al..Research on relationship between neutral aroma constituents and smoking quality in fluecured tobacco[J].Henan Agric.Univ.,2006,40(4):346-349.
[15]何承刚,曾旭波.烤烟香气物质的影响因素及其代谢研究进展[J].中国烟草科学,2005,26(2):40-43.He C G,Zeng X B.Influencing factors and metabolism of aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco[J].Chin.Tob.Sci.,2005,26(2):40-43.
[16]史宏志,韩锦峰,官春云.烟叶香气前体物在成熟和调制过程中的变化[J].作物研究,1996,10(2):22-25.Shi H Z,Han J F,Guan C Y.Changes in the aroma precursors of tobacco leaves during maturation and modulation[J].Crop Res.,1996,10(2):22-25.
[17]刘春奎,毕庆文,许自成,等.湖北咸丰烟区烤烟质量综合评价[J].郑州轻工业学院学报(自然科学版),2007,22(4):4-8.Iiu C K,Bi Q W,Xu Z C,et al..Comprehensive evaluation of flue-cured tobacco quality in Xianfeng tobacco-growing areas of Hubei province[J].Zhengzhou Light Ind.Univ.(Nat.Sci.),2007,22(4):4-8.
[18]王毅,宋文静,吴元华,等.小麦秸秆还田对烤烟叶片发育及产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2018,39(2):32-38.Wang Y,Song W J,Wu Y H,et al..Effects of returning wheat straw to soil on leaf development,yield and quality of tobacco[J].Chin.Tob.Sci.,2018,39(2):32-38.
[19]Yu C,Qin J,Xu J,et al..Straw combustion in circulating fluidized bed at low-temperature:Transformation and distribution of potassium[J].Can.J.Chem.Engin.,2010,88(5):874-880.
[20]熊茜,查永丽,毛昆明,等.小麦秸秆覆盖量对烤烟生长及烟叶产质量的影响[J].作物研究,2012,26(6):649-653.Xiong Q,Zha Y L,Mao K M,et al..Effects of wheat straw mulching amount on growth of flue-cured tobacco and yield and quality of tobacco[J].Crop Res.,2012,26(6):649-653.
[21]贾宏昉,陈红丽,黄化刚,等.施用腐熟秸秆肥对烤烟成熟期碳代谢途径影响的初报[J].中国烟草学报,2014(4):48-52.Jia H F,Chen H L,Huang H G,et al..Preliminary report on effect of applying rotten straw fertilizer on carbon metabolism in maturing flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Tab.Sin.,2014(4):48-52.
[22]江厚龙,陈中玉,许安定,等.摘除下部不适用烟叶对烤烟中性致香物质含量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2014,35(4):16-21.Jiang H L,Chen Z Y,Xu A D,et al..Effects of removing unusable fresh leaves in field on neutral aroma component content in flue-cured tobacco[J].Chin.Tob.Sci.,2014,35(4):16-21.
[23]倪超,宋小宁,张松杰,等.高碳基土壤修复肥对舞阳烟叶化学成分和致香物质的影响[J].江西农业学报,2017,29(12):63-67.Ni C,Song X N,Zhang S J,et al..Effects of high-carbon-based soil remediation fertilizer on chemical constituents and aromatic substances of tobacco leaves in Wuyang area[J].Acta Agric.Jiangxi,2017,29(12):63-67.
[24]赵铭钦,陈红华,刘国顺,等.增施不同有机物质对烤烟烟叶香气质量的影响[J].华北农学报,2007,22(5):51-55.Zhao M Q,Chen H H,Liu G S,et al..Effects of adding different organic substances on the aroma quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Acta Agric.Boreali-Sin.,2007,22(5):51-55.
[25]李静静,常建伟,任天宝,等.基于蒸汽爆破技术的烟秆炭对烤烟生长及烟叶品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(4):99-103.Li J J,Chang J W,Ren T B,et al..Effect of tobacco stalk biochar made by steam explosion technology on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].China Soils Fert.,2017,(4):99-103.
[26]瞿兴,王毅,左天龙,等.秸秆和氮肥配合施用对高肥力土壤烤烟产量和品质的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2004,23(4):426-430.Qu X,Wang Y,Zuo T L,et al..Effect of combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and wheat straw on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in fertile soil[J].Huazhong Agric.Univ.,2004,23(4):426-430.
[2]周米良,邓小华,田峰,等.玉米秸秆促腐还田的腐解及对烤烟生长与产质量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2016,22(2):67-74.Zhou M L,Deng X H,Tian F,et al..Decomposition of maize stalk in field under different decay conditions and its effect on growth,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Tab.Sin.,2016,22(2):67-74.
[3]杨滨娟,钱海燕,黄国勤,等.秸秆还田及其研究进展[J].农学学报,2012,2(5):1-4.Yang B J,Qian H Y,Huang G Q,et al..Research progress and rice-straw returning[J].J Agric.,2012,2(5):1-4.
[4]陈治锋,邓小华,周米良,等.秸秆和绿肥还田对烤烟光合生理指标及经济性状的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(2):410-415.Chen Z F,Deng X H,Zhou M L,et al..Effects of green manures and maize stalks returning back to field on photosynthetic characteristics and economic character of fluecured tobacco[J].Acta Agric.Nucl.Sin.,2017,31(2):410-415.
[5]韦凤杰,宋六明,苏新宏,等.不同地表覆盖对烤烟香气成分和含量的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2017(5):609-614.Wei F J,Song L M,Su X H,et al..Effects of different mulching method on content of aroma components and flavor quality in flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Henan Agric.Univ.,2017(5):609-614.
[6]刘燕,阙劲松,于良君,等.烤烟致香物质含量的主要影响因素及其提高的可能途径[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(22):83-89.Liu Y,Que J S,Yu L J,et al..The main factors influencing the content of aromatic substance in flue-cured tobacco leaves and possible measures for improving its content[J].Chin.Agric.Sci.Bull.,2013,29(22):83-89.
[7]王绍坤,张晓海,李金培,等.秸秆还田对烟区土壤和烟叶产质量的效应[J].中国农学通报,2000,16(5):11-13.Wang S K,Zhang X H,Li J P,et al..A research on soil property effects of yield and quality of tobacco by application of cutting crop straw returning back to field as fertilizer[J].Chin.Agric.Sci.Bull.,2000,16(5):11-13.
[8]付丽波,王毅,瞿兴,等.秸秆和氮肥配合施用对高肥力植烟土壤理化性质的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2004,23(3):295-299.Fu L B,Wang Y,Qu X,et al..Effect of wheat straw on physical and chemical properties in fertile soil planted fluecured tobacco[J].Huazhong Agric.Univ.,2004,23(3):295-299.
[9]王新瑞.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.Wang X R.Tobacco Chemistry[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2003.
[10]代晓燕,张芊,王建安,等.不同钾肥施用量及基追施比对烤烟中性致香物质含量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2014,35(1):26-31.Dai X Y,Zhang Q,Wang J A,et al..Effects of different potassium fertilization modes on neutral aroma components in flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Chin.Tob.Sci.,2014,35(1):26-31.
[11]王建伟,刘海轮,段卫东,等.环秦岭植烟区烟叶主要化学成分特征及其与评吸质量的关系[J].烟草科技,2016,49(2):7-13.Wang J W,Liu H L,Duan W D,et al..Characteristics of main chemical components in flue-cured tobacco leaves from areas around Qinling mountains and their relationship with cigarette smoking quality[J].Tobacco Sci.Tech.,2016,49(2):7-13.
[12]周昆,周清明,胡晓兰.烤烟香气物质研究进展[J].中国烟草科学,2008,29(2):58-61.Zhou K,Zhou Q M,Hu X L.Advance in aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco[J].Chin.Tob.Sci.,2008,29(2):58-61.
[13]Ames J M.Applications of the Maillard reaction in the food industry[J].Food Chem.,1998,62(4):431-439.
[14]于建军,庞天河,任晓红,等.烤烟中性致香物质与评吸结果关系研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2006,40(4):346-349.Yu J J,Pang T H,Ren X H,et al..Research on relationship between neutral aroma constituents and smoking quality in fluecured tobacco[J].Henan Agric.Univ.,2006,40(4):346-349.
[15]何承刚,曾旭波.烤烟香气物质的影响因素及其代谢研究进展[J].中国烟草科学,2005,26(2):40-43.He C G,Zeng X B.Influencing factors and metabolism of aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco[J].Chin.Tob.Sci.,2005,26(2):40-43.
[16]史宏志,韩锦峰,官春云.烟叶香气前体物在成熟和调制过程中的变化[J].作物研究,1996,10(2):22-25.Shi H Z,Han J F,Guan C Y.Changes in the aroma precursors of tobacco leaves during maturation and modulation[J].Crop Res.,1996,10(2):22-25.
[17]刘春奎,毕庆文,许自成,等.湖北咸丰烟区烤烟质量综合评价[J].郑州轻工业学院学报(自然科学版),2007,22(4):4-8.Iiu C K,Bi Q W,Xu Z C,et al..Comprehensive evaluation of flue-cured tobacco quality in Xianfeng tobacco-growing areas of Hubei province[J].Zhengzhou Light Ind.Univ.(Nat.Sci.),2007,22(4):4-8.
[18]王毅,宋文静,吴元华,等.小麦秸秆还田对烤烟叶片发育及产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2018,39(2):32-38.Wang Y,Song W J,Wu Y H,et al..Effects of returning wheat straw to soil on leaf development,yield and quality of tobacco[J].Chin.Tob.Sci.,2018,39(2):32-38.
[19]Yu C,Qin J,Xu J,et al..Straw combustion in circulating fluidized bed at low-temperature:Transformation and distribution of potassium[J].Can.J.Chem.Engin.,2010,88(5):874-880.
[20]熊茜,查永丽,毛昆明,等.小麦秸秆覆盖量对烤烟生长及烟叶产质量的影响[J].作物研究,2012,26(6):649-653.Xiong Q,Zha Y L,Mao K M,et al..Effects of wheat straw mulching amount on growth of flue-cured tobacco and yield and quality of tobacco[J].Crop Res.,2012,26(6):649-653.
[21]贾宏昉,陈红丽,黄化刚,等.施用腐熟秸秆肥对烤烟成熟期碳代谢途径影响的初报[J].中国烟草学报,2014(4):48-52.Jia H F,Chen H L,Huang H G,et al..Preliminary report on effect of applying rotten straw fertilizer on carbon metabolism in maturing flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Tab.Sin.,2014(4):48-52.
[22]江厚龙,陈中玉,许安定,等.摘除下部不适用烟叶对烤烟中性致香物质含量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2014,35(4):16-21.Jiang H L,Chen Z Y,Xu A D,et al..Effects of removing unusable fresh leaves in field on neutral aroma component content in flue-cured tobacco[J].Chin.Tob.Sci.,2014,35(4):16-21.
[23]倪超,宋小宁,张松杰,等.高碳基土壤修复肥对舞阳烟叶化学成分和致香物质的影响[J].江西农业学报,2017,29(12):63-67.Ni C,Song X N,Zhang S J,et al..Effects of high-carbon-based soil remediation fertilizer on chemical constituents and aromatic substances of tobacco leaves in Wuyang area[J].Acta Agric.Jiangxi,2017,29(12):63-67.
[24]赵铭钦,陈红华,刘国顺,等.增施不同有机物质对烤烟烟叶香气质量的影响[J].华北农学报,2007,22(5):51-55.Zhao M Q,Chen H H,Liu G S,et al..Effects of adding different organic substances on the aroma quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Acta Agric.Boreali-Sin.,2007,22(5):51-55.
[25]李静静,常建伟,任天宝,等.基于蒸汽爆破技术的烟秆炭对烤烟生长及烟叶品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(4):99-103.Li J J,Chang J W,Ren T B,et al..Effect of tobacco stalk biochar made by steam explosion technology on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].China Soils Fert.,2017,(4):99-103.
[26]瞿兴,王毅,左天龙,等.秸秆和氮肥配合施用对高肥力土壤烤烟产量和品质的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2004,23(4):426-430.Qu X,Wang Y,Zuo T L,et al..Effect of combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and wheat straw on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in fertile soil[J].Huazhong Agric.Univ.,2004,23(4):426-430.