2015年中国15省(自治区、直辖市)60岁及以上居民奶类知识行为调查及摄入类型
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摘要
目的了解2015年中国15省(自治区、直辖市)60岁及以上居民奶类相关营养知识知晓情况、奶类及其制品的摄入状况及摄入类型。方法以"中国居民营养状况变迁的队列研究"2015年调查资料为基础,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,将有完整连续3 d 24 h膳食回顾数据的60岁及以上居民4921人作为研究对象,分析奶类相关营养知识的知晓情况,不同知晓情况的老年人液态奶、奶粉、酸奶和其他奶制品的消费率和消费量。结果 2015年,中国60岁及以上居民"喝奶和吃乳制品对健康有益"的知晓率为79.3%,"鸡蛋和牛奶是人体优质蛋白重要来源"的知晓率为66.3%,饮奶率为20.2%,奶类摄入量P50为0.0 g/d,P95为208.3 g/d;液态奶、奶粉、酸奶和其他奶制品的摄入率分别为16.0%、1.1%、5.4%和0.2%,摄入量P50均为0.0 g/d,P95分别为200.0 g/d、0.0 g/d、27.8 g/d和0.0 g/d;两道奶类相关题目均回答错误的居民液态奶、酸奶、总饮奶率(7.8%、2.3%和10.6%)均显著低于两题均回答正确的居民(18.2%、6.9%和23.3%),液态奶、酸奶、总饮奶量(P95分别为100.0、0.0和127.9 g/d)也显著低于两题均回答正确的居民(P95分别为200.0、55.6和213.3 g/d)。结论 2015年中国60岁及以上居民奶类及其制品摄入仍严重不足,摄入类型以液态奶为主,提高奶类相关营养知识知晓水平可改善奶类及其制品的摄入状况。
OBJECTIVE To investigate the knowledge of nutrition related to milk, milk and dairy products consumption and consumption types among Chinese elderly in 15 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) in 2015. METHODS Data used in this survey were derived from the China Nutritional Transition Cohort Study(CNTCS). A total of 4921 participants were aged 60 years and above, and had completed consecutive 3 d 24 h dietary records in 2015. To analyze the knowledge of nutrition related to milk, and the consumption rate and amount of liquid milk, powder, yoghurt and other dairy products in elderly with different awareness of milk. RESULTS The awareness rate of "drinking milk and eating dairy products are beneficial to health" was 79.3%, and the awareness rate of "eggs and milk are the important sources of high quality protein" was 66.3%. The consumption rate of milk and dairy products was 20.2%, and the consumption were 0.0 g/d in P50, 208.3 g/d in P95. The consumption rates of liquid milk, powder, yoghurt and other dairy products were 16.0%, 1.1%, 5.4% and 0.2%, respectively and the consumption of which were all 0.0 g/d in P50, 200.0, 0.0, 27.8 and 0.0 g/d in P95, respectively. The consumption rates of liquid milk, yoghurt and total milk(7.8%, 2.3% and 10.6%) in the elderly who incorrectly answered the two questions related to milk were significantly lower than those who answered correctly(18.2%, 6.9% and 23.3%). The consumption of liquid milk, yoghurt and total milk(100.0,0.0 and 127.9 g/d in P95) in the elderly who incorrectly answered the two questions related to milk were also significantly lower than those who answered correctly(200.0,55.6 and 213.3 g/d in P95). CONCLUSION The intake of milk and dairy products in the elderly in China is still seriously insufficient. Liquid milk is the main type of milk intake. Improving the level of knowledge about nutrition related to milk can improve the intake of milk and dairy products.
OBJECTIVE To investigate the knowledge of nutrition related to milk, milk and dairy products consumption and consumption types among Chinese elderly in 15 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) in 2015. METHODS Data used in this survey were derived from the China Nutritional Transition Cohort Study(CNTCS). A total of 4921 participants were aged 60 years and above, and had completed consecutive 3 d 24 h dietary records in 2015. To analyze the knowledge of nutrition related to milk, and the consumption rate and amount of liquid milk, powder, yoghurt and other dairy products in elderly with different awareness of milk. RESULTS The awareness rate of "drinking milk and eating dairy products are beneficial to health" was 79.3%, and the awareness rate of "eggs and milk are the important sources of high quality protein" was 66.3%. The consumption rate of milk and dairy products was 20.2%, and the consumption were 0.0 g/d in P50, 208.3 g/d in P95. The consumption rates of liquid milk, powder, yoghurt and other dairy products were 16.0%, 1.1%, 5.4% and 0.2%, respectively and the consumption of which were all 0.0 g/d in P50, 200.0, 0.0, 27.8 and 0.0 g/d in P95, respectively. The consumption rates of liquid milk, yoghurt and total milk(7.8%, 2.3% and 10.6%) in the elderly who incorrectly answered the two questions related to milk were significantly lower than those who answered correctly(18.2%, 6.9% and 23.3%). The consumption of liquid milk, yoghurt and total milk(100.0,0.0 and 127.9 g/d in P95) in the elderly who incorrectly answered the two questions related to milk were also significantly lower than those who answered correctly(200.0,55.6 and 213.3 g/d in P95). CONCLUSION The intake of milk and dairy products in the elderly in China is still seriously insufficient. Liquid milk is the main type of milk intake. Improving the level of knowledge about nutrition related to milk can improve the intake of milk and dairy products.
引文
[1] 中国营养学会. 中国居民膳食指南2016[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2016: 57.
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[7] DE GOEDE J, SOEDAMAH-MUTHU S S, PAN A, et al. Dairy consumption and risk of stroke: a systematic review and updated dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies[J]. J Am Heart Assoc,2016, 5(5):e002787.
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[11] 杜文雯,王惠君,王志宏,等. 中国九省区1991-2006年7～17岁儿童青少年饮奶状况及变化趋势[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2010, 31(12): 1349-1352.
[12] 常继乐,王宁. 中国居民营养与健康状况监测2010-2013年综合报告[M]. 北京: 北京大学医学出版社, 2016: 30.
[13] 刘爱东,张兵,杜文雯,等. 1991-2006年中国九省(区)18～44岁居民奶类摄入状况及变化趋势[J]. 中华预防医学杂志,2011, 45(4): 304-309.
[14] 汪云,贾小芳,杜文雯,等. 1989-2011年中国九省成年居民乳类消费变化特征[J]. 卫生研究,2017, 46(3): 409-415, 433.
[15] 柳桢,庞邵杰,李裕倩,等. 2010-2012年中国60岁及以上老年居民奶制品摄入状况分析[J]. 卫生研究,2016,45(5): 708-713.
[16] 马冠生,崔朝辉,周琴,等. 中国居民奶及奶制品消费现状分析[J]. 中国食物与营养,2007(11): 36-39.
[17] 王黎荔,林丹,邵永强,等. 社区中老年人营养知信行水平调查[J]. 预防医学, 2017,29(12): 1203-1206, 1212.
[18] POPKIN B M, DU S F, ZHAI F Y, et al. Cohort profile: the China Health and Nutrition Survey—monitoring and understanding socio-economic and health change in China, 1989-2011[J]. Int J Epidemiol, 2010, 39(6): 1435-1440.
[19] ZHANG B, ZHAI F Y, DU S F, et al. The China health and nutrition survey, 1989-2011[J]. Obes Rev, 2014, 15(Suppl 1): 2-7.
[20] 杨月欣,王光亚,潘兴昌. 2009中国食物成分表[M].2版.北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2009: 109-113.
[21] 刘跃峰,蔡啸镝. 新疆和田维吾尔族在校中学生奶类制品营养知识调查[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2018,26(6): 688-690.
[22] 苏凤华,孙靓,杨可欣,等. 北京市东城区中小学生饮食习惯及营养相关知识行为分析[J]. 中国生育健康杂志,2018,29(4): 350-353.
[23] 黄红,汤海英,袁媛. 上海市奉贤区中小学生对奶类的营养知识态度和行为[J]. 职业与健康, 2016,32(13): 1782-1785.
[24] 陈兴才,王兆琪,蔡晓楠,等. 齐齐哈尔市大学生奶及奶制品摄入情况及其影响因素研究[J]. 中国初级卫生保健,2015(2): 94-95.
[25] 陈暕,薛晓蕾,魏晶,等. 青岛市市南区小学生家长营养干预效果评价[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志,2017,25(10): 1061-1063.
[26] 陈慕磊. 运用健康促进学校模式开展营养干预的效果评价研究[D]. 北京:北京协和医学院,中国医学科学院,清华大学医学部,中国协和医科大学, 2004:38.
[27] HERTZLER S R, CLANCY S M. Kefir improves lactose digestion and tolerance in adults with lactose maldigestion[J]. J Am Diet Assoc, 2003, 103(5): 582-587.
[28] LEIS R, TOJO R, PAVON P, et al. Prevalence of lactose malabsorption in Galicia[J]. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 1997, 25(3): 296-300.
[29] 张元,张雪梅,吴玲. 酸奶防治老年鼻饲患者便秘的效果观察[J]. 西部医学, 2012,24(6): 1188-1189.
[30] 何梅,胡刚,魏洁,等. 含动物双歧杆菌DN-173 010的益生菌酸乳对便秘症状改善作用的研究[J]. 胃肠病学,2009,14(5): 287-289.
[31] HONGISTO S M, PAAJANEN L, SAXELIN M, et al. A combination of fibre-rich rye bread and yoghurt containing Lactobacillus GG improves bowel function in women with self-reported constipation[J]. Eur J Clin Nutr,2006, 60(3): 319-324.
[32] O'CONNOR L M, LENTJES M A, LUBEN R N, et al. Dietary dairy product intake and incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective study using dietary data from a 7-day food diary[J]. Diabetologia, 2014, 57(5): 909-917.
[33] GAO D, NING N, WANG C, et al. Dairy products consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(9): e73965.
[34] AUNE D, NORAT T, ROMUNDSTAD P, et al. Dairy products and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies[J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2013, 98(4): 1066-1083.
[2] RAUTIAINEN S, WANG L, LEE I M, et al. Dairy consumption in association with weight change and risk of becoming overweight or obese in middle-aged and older women: a prospective cohort study[J]. Am J Clin Nutr,2016, 103(4): 979-988.
[3] ALEXANDER D D, BYLSMA L C, VARGAS A J, et al. Dairy consumption and CVD: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Br J Nutr,2016, 115(4): 737-750.
[4] LEE M S, WAHLQVIST M L, PENG C J. Dairy foods and health in Asians: Taiwanese considerations[J]. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr,2015, 24(Suppl 1): 14-20.
[5] GIJSBERS L, DING E L, MALIK V S, et al. Consumption of dairy foods and diabetes incidence: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies[J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2016, 103(4): 1111-1124.
[6] KESSE-GUYOT E, ASSMANN K E, ANDREEVA V A, et al. Consumption of dairy products and cognitive functioning: findings from the SU.VI.MAX 2 Study[J]. J Nutr Health Aging, 2016, 20(2): 128-137.
[7] DE GOEDE J, SOEDAMAH-MUTHU S S, PAN A, et al. Dairy consumption and risk of stroke: a systematic review and updated dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies[J]. J Am Heart Assoc,2016, 5(5):e002787.
[8] HALLKVIST O M, JOHANSSON J, NORDSTROM A, et al. Dairy product intake and bone properties in 70-year-old men and women[J]. Arch Osteoporos, 2018, 13(1): 9.
[9] 张兵,王惠君,杜文雯,等. 1989-2006年中国九省(区)居民食物消费状况[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2011,45(4): 330-334.
[10] 苏畅,张兵,王惠君,等. 中国15省(区、直辖市)1991-2015年中老年居民奶类摄入状况及变化趋势[J]. 中国食物与营养,2017,23(12): 76-79.
[11] 杜文雯,王惠君,王志宏,等. 中国九省区1991-2006年7～17岁儿童青少年饮奶状况及变化趋势[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2010, 31(12): 1349-1352.
[12] 常继乐,王宁. 中国居民营养与健康状况监测2010-2013年综合报告[M]. 北京: 北京大学医学出版社, 2016: 30.
[13] 刘爱东,张兵,杜文雯,等. 1991-2006年中国九省(区)18～44岁居民奶类摄入状况及变化趋势[J]. 中华预防医学杂志,2011, 45(4): 304-309.
[14] 汪云,贾小芳,杜文雯,等. 1989-2011年中国九省成年居民乳类消费变化特征[J]. 卫生研究,2017, 46(3): 409-415, 433.
[15] 柳桢,庞邵杰,李裕倩,等. 2010-2012年中国60岁及以上老年居民奶制品摄入状况分析[J]. 卫生研究,2016,45(5): 708-713.
[16] 马冠生,崔朝辉,周琴,等. 中国居民奶及奶制品消费现状分析[J]. 中国食物与营养,2007(11): 36-39.
[17] 王黎荔,林丹,邵永强,等. 社区中老年人营养知信行水平调查[J]. 预防医学, 2017,29(12): 1203-1206, 1212.
[18] POPKIN B M, DU S F, ZHAI F Y, et al. Cohort profile: the China Health and Nutrition Survey—monitoring and understanding socio-economic and health change in China, 1989-2011[J]. Int J Epidemiol, 2010, 39(6): 1435-1440.
[19] ZHANG B, ZHAI F Y, DU S F, et al. The China health and nutrition survey, 1989-2011[J]. Obes Rev, 2014, 15(Suppl 1): 2-7.
[20] 杨月欣,王光亚,潘兴昌. 2009中国食物成分表[M].2版.北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2009: 109-113.
[21] 刘跃峰,蔡啸镝. 新疆和田维吾尔族在校中学生奶类制品营养知识调查[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2018,26(6): 688-690.
[22] 苏凤华,孙靓,杨可欣,等. 北京市东城区中小学生饮食习惯及营养相关知识行为分析[J]. 中国生育健康杂志,2018,29(4): 350-353.
[23] 黄红,汤海英,袁媛. 上海市奉贤区中小学生对奶类的营养知识态度和行为[J]. 职业与健康, 2016,32(13): 1782-1785.
[24] 陈兴才,王兆琪,蔡晓楠,等. 齐齐哈尔市大学生奶及奶制品摄入情况及其影响因素研究[J]. 中国初级卫生保健,2015(2): 94-95.
[25] 陈暕,薛晓蕾,魏晶,等. 青岛市市南区小学生家长营养干预效果评价[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志,2017,25(10): 1061-1063.
[26] 陈慕磊. 运用健康促进学校模式开展营养干预的效果评价研究[D]. 北京:北京协和医学院,中国医学科学院,清华大学医学部,中国协和医科大学, 2004:38.
[27] HERTZLER S R, CLANCY S M. Kefir improves lactose digestion and tolerance in adults with lactose maldigestion[J]. J Am Diet Assoc, 2003, 103(5): 582-587.
[28] LEIS R, TOJO R, PAVON P, et al. Prevalence of lactose malabsorption in Galicia[J]. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 1997, 25(3): 296-300.
[29] 张元,张雪梅,吴玲. 酸奶防治老年鼻饲患者便秘的效果观察[J]. 西部医学, 2012,24(6): 1188-1189.
[30] 何梅,胡刚,魏洁,等. 含动物双歧杆菌DN-173 010的益生菌酸乳对便秘症状改善作用的研究[J]. 胃肠病学,2009,14(5): 287-289.
[31] HONGISTO S M, PAAJANEN L, SAXELIN M, et al. A combination of fibre-rich rye bread and yoghurt containing Lactobacillus GG improves bowel function in women with self-reported constipation[J]. Eur J Clin Nutr,2006, 60(3): 319-324.
[32] O'CONNOR L M, LENTJES M A, LUBEN R N, et al. Dietary dairy product intake and incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective study using dietary data from a 7-day food diary[J]. Diabetologia, 2014, 57(5): 909-917.
[33] GAO D, NING N, WANG C, et al. Dairy products consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(9): e73965.
[34] AUNE D, NORAT T, ROMUNDSTAD P, et al. Dairy products and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies[J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2013, 98(4): 1066-1083.