Removal of Cd(Ⅱ) from dilute aqueous solutions by complexation–ultrafiltration using rotating disk membrane and the shear stability of PAA–Cd complex
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摘要
Removal of cadmium(Ⅱ) ions from dilute aqueous solutions by complexation–ultrafiltration using rotating disk membrane was investigated. Polyacrylic acid sodium(PAAS) was used as complexation agent, as key factors of complexation, pH and the mass ratio of PAAS to Cd~(2+)(P/M) were studied, and the optimum complexation–ultrafiltration conditions were obtained. The effects of rotating speed(n) on the stability of PAA–Cd complex was studied with two kinds of rotating disk, disk Ⅰ(without vane) and disk Ⅱ(with six rectangular vanes) at a certain range of rotating speed. Both of the rejection could reach 99.7% when n was lower than 2370 r·min~(-1) and 1320 r·min~(-1), for disk I and disk Ⅱ, respectively. However, when rotating speed exceeds a certain value,the critical rotating speed(n_c), the rejection of Cd(Ⅱ) decreases greatly. The distribution of form of cadmium on the membrane was established by the membrane partition model, and the critical shear rate(γ_c), the smallest shear rate at which the PAA–Cd complex begins to dissociate, was calculated based on the membrane partition model and mass balance. The critical shear rates(γ_c) of PAA–Cd complex were 5.9 × 10~4 s~(-1), 1.01 × 10~5 s~(-1),and 1.31 × 10~5 s~(-1) at pH = 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0, respectively. In addition, the regeneration of PAAS was achieved by shear induced dissociation and ultrafiltration.
Removal of cadmium(Ⅱ) ions from dilute aqueous solutions by complexation–ultrafiltration using rotating disk membrane was investigated. Polyacrylic acid sodium(PAAS) was used as complexation agent, as key factors of complexation, pH and the mass ratio of PAAS to Cd~(2+)(P/M) were studied, and the optimum complexation–ultrafiltration conditions were obtained. The effects of rotating speed(n) on the stability of PAA–Cd complex was studied with two kinds of rotating disk, disk Ⅰ(without vane) and disk Ⅱ(with six rectangular vanes) at a certain range of rotating speed. Both of the rejection could reach 99.7% when n was lower than 2370 r·min~(-1) and 1320 r·min~(-1), for disk I and disk Ⅱ, respectively. However, when rotating speed exceeds a certain value,the critical rotating speed(n_c), the rejection of Cd(Ⅱ) decreases greatly. The distribution of form of cadmium on the membrane was established by the membrane partition model, and the critical shear rate(γ_c), the smallest shear rate at which the PAA–Cd complex begins to dissociate, was calculated based on the membrane partition model and mass balance. The critical shear rates(γ_c) of PAA–Cd complex were 5.9 × 10~4 s~(-1), 1.01 × 10~5 s~(-1),and 1.31 × 10~5 s~(-1) at pH = 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0, respectively. In addition, the regeneration of PAAS was achieved by shear induced dissociation and ultrafiltration.
Removal of cadmium(Ⅱ) ions from dilute aqueous solutions by complexation–ultrafiltration using rotating disk membrane was investigated. Polyacrylic acid sodium(PAAS) was used as complexation agent, as key factors of complexation, pH and the mass ratio of PAAS to Cd~(2+)(P/M) were studied, and the optimum complexation–ultrafiltration conditions were obtained. The effects of rotating speed(n) on the stability of PAA–Cd complex was studied with two kinds of rotating disk, disk Ⅰ(without vane) and disk Ⅱ(with six rectangular vanes) at a certain range of rotating speed. Both of the rejection could reach 99.7% when n was lower than 2370 r·min~(-1) and 1320 r·min~(-1), for disk I and disk Ⅱ, respectively. However, when rotating speed exceeds a certain value,the critical rotating speed(n_c), the rejection of Cd(Ⅱ) decreases greatly. The distribution of form of cadmium on the membrane was established by the membrane partition model, and the critical shear rate(γ_c), the smallest shear rate at which the PAA–Cd complex begins to dissociate, was calculated based on the membrane partition model and mass balance. The critical shear rates(γ_c) of PAA–Cd complex were 5.9 × 10~4 s~(-1), 1.01 × 10~5 s~(-1),and 1.31 × 10~5 s~(-1) at pH = 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0, respectively. In addition, the regeneration of PAAS was achieved by shear induced dissociation and ultrafiltration.
引文
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[18] J. Bohdziewicz, Removal of chromium ions(VI)from underground water in the hybrid complexation–ultra?ltration process, Desalination 129(2000)227–235.
[19] R. Molinari, P. Argurio, Arsenic removal from water by coupling photocatalysis and complexation–ultra?ltration processes:A preliminary study, Water Res. 109(2017)327–336.
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[23] P. Ca?izares,á. Pérez, R. Camarillo, J. Llanos, M.L. López, Selective separation of Pb from hard water by a semi-continuous polymer-enhanced ultra?ltration process(PEUF), Desalination 206(2007)602–613.
[24] M. Frappart, M.Y. Jaffrin, L.H. Ding, V. Espina, Effect of vibration frequency and membrane shear rate on nano?ltration of diluted milk, using a vibratory dynamic?ltration system, Sep. Purif. Technol. 62(2008)212–221.
[25] I. Ruigómez, L. Vera, E. González, G. González, J. Rodríguez-Sevilla, A novel rotating HF membrane to control fouling on anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating wastewater, J. Membr. Sci. 501(2016)45–52.
[26] W. Shi, M.M. Benjamin, Effect of shear rate on fouling in a Vibratory Shear Enhanced Processing(VSEP)RO system, J. Membr. Sci. 366(2011)148–157.
[27] O. Akoum, M.Y. Jaffrin, L.H. Ding, Concentration of total milk proteins by high shear ultra?ltration in a vibrating membrane module, J. Membr. Sci. 247(2005)211–220.
[28] A. Brou, L. Ding, P. Boulnois, M.Y. Jaffrin, Dynamic micro?ltration of yeast suspensions using rotating disks equipped with vanes, J. Membr. Sci. 197(2002)269–282.
[29] W.X. Zhang, L.H. Ding, N. Grimi, M.Y. Jaffrin, B. Tang, Application of UF-RDM(Ulta?ltration Rotating Disk Membrane)module for separation and concentration of leaf protein from alfalfa juice:Optimization of operation conditions, Sep. Purif.Technol. 175(2017)365–375.
[30] J. Luo, L. Ding, Y. Wan, P. Paullier, M.Y. Jaffrin, Application of NF-RDM(nano?ltration rotating disk membrane)module under extreme hydraulic conditions for the treatment of dairy wastewater, Chem. Eng. J. 163(2010)307–316.
[31] T. Li, A.W.K. Law, M. Cetin, A.G. Fane, Fouling control of submerged hollow?bre membranes by vibrations, J. Membr. Sci. 427(2013)230–239.
[32] R. Bouzerar, M.Y. Jaffrin, L.H. Ding, P. Paullier, In?uence of geometry and angular velocity on performance of a rotating disk?lter, AICHE J. 46(2000)257–265.
[33] R. Bouzerar, L. Ding, M.Y. Jaffrin, Local permeate?ux–shear–pressure relationships in a rotating disk micro?ltration module:Implications for global performance,J. Membr. Sci. 170(2000)127–141.
[34] B.R. Bouzerar, M.Y. Jaffrin, A. Lefevre, P. Paullier, Concentration of ferric hydroxide suspensions in saline medium by dynamic cross-?ow?ltration, J. Membr. Sci. 165(2000)111–123.
[35] X.W. Chen, J. Fu, J.H. Shao, U. Nguyen, S. Zhou, Y.L. He, Simultaneous removal of humic acid and heavy metal from aqueous solutions using charged ultra?ltration membranes, Sep. Sci. Technol. 52(11)(2017)1913–1919.
[36] J. Zeng, H. Ye, Z. Hu, Application of the hybrid complexation–ultra?ltration process for metal ion removal from aqueous solutions, J. Hazard. Mater. 161(2009)1491–1498.
[2] W.S. Wan Ngah, M.A.K.M. Hana?ah, Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by chemically modi?ed plant wastes as adsorbents:A review, Bioresour. Technol. 99(2008)3935–3948.
[3] R.M. Rafati, R.M. Rafati, S. Kazemi, A.A. Moghadamnia, Cadmium toxicity and treatment:An update, Caspian J. Intern. Med. 8(3)(2017)135–145.
[4] D. Sud, G. Mahajan, M.P. Kaur, Agricultural waste material as potential adsorbent for sequestering heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions—A review, Bioresour.Technol. 99(2008)6017–6027.
[5] P. Kumar, A. Pournara, K.H. Kim, V. Bansal, S. Rapti, M.J. Manos, Metal–organic frameworks:Challenges and opportunities for ion-exchange/sorption applications,Prog. Mater. Sci. 86(2017)25–74.
[6] Y. Suzuki, T. Kametani, T. Maruyama, Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by nonliving Ulva seaweed as biosorbent, Water Res. 39(2005)1803–1808.
[7] A. Azimi, A. Azari, M. Rezakazemi, M. Ansarpour, Removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters:A review, ChemBioEng Rev. 4(1)(2017)1–24.
[8] J. Llanos,á. Pérez, P. Ca?izares, Copper recovery by polymer enhanced ultra?ltration(PEUF)and electrochemical regeneration, J. Membr. Sci. 323(2008)28–36.
[9] C.O. Do?anay, H.?nder?zbelge, L. Yilmaz, N. Bi?ak, Removal and recovery of metal anions via functional polymer based PEUF, Desalination 200(2006)286–287.
[10] J.X. Zeng, X.H. Sun, L.F. Zheng, Q.C. He, S. Li, Recovery of tungsten(VI)from aqueous solutions by complexation ultra?ltration process with the help of polyquaternium,Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 20(5)(2012)831–836.
[11] D. Jellouli Ennigrou, L. Gzara, M. Ramzi Ben Romdhane, M. Dhahbi, Cadmium removal from aqueous solutions by polyelectrolyte enhanced ultra?ltration, Desalination 246(2009)363–369.
[12] S.I. Kadioglu, L. Yilmaz, H. Onder Ozbelge, Estimation of binding constants of Cd(II),Ni(II)and Zn(II)with polyethyleneimine(PEI)by polymer enhanced ultra?ltration(PEUF)technique, Sep. Sci. Technol. 44(2009)2559–2581.
[13] Y.R. Qiu, L.J. Mao, Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution by ultra?ltration assisted with copolymer of maleic acid and acrylic acid, Desalination 329(2013)78–85.
[14] Y.R. Qiu, L.J. Mao, W.H. Wang, Removal of manganese from waste water by complexation–ultra?ltration using copolymer of maleic acid and acrylic acid,Trans. Nonferrous Metals Soc. China(English Ed)24(2014)1196–1201.
[15] P. Ca?izares,á. Pérez, J. Llanos, G. Rubio, Preliminary design and optimisation of a PEUF process for Cr(VI)removal, Desalination 223(2008)229–237.
[16] M.A. Barakat, E. Schmidt, Polymer-enhanced ultra?ltration process for heavy metals removal from industrial wastewater, Desalination 256(2010)90–93.
[17] R. Molinari, S. Gallo, P. Argurio, Metal ions removal from wastewater or washing water from contaminated soil by ultra?ltration–complexation, Water Res. 38(2004)593–600.
[18] J. Bohdziewicz, Removal of chromium ions(VI)from underground water in the hybrid complexation–ultra?ltration process, Desalination 129(2000)227–235.
[19] R. Molinari, P. Argurio, Arsenic removal from water by coupling photocatalysis and complexation–ultra?ltration processes:A preliminary study, Water Res. 109(2017)327–336.
[20] J. Barron-Zambrano, S. Laborie, P. Viers, M. Rakib, G. Durand, Mercury removal and recovery from aqueous solutions by coupled complexation–ultra?ltration and electrolysis, J. Membr. Sci. 229(2004)179–186.
[21] G.Y. Gao, Y.Q. Wei, Y.R. Qiu, Treatment of wastewater containing nickel ions by polymer enhanced ultra?ltration with copolymer of acrylic acid–maleic acid, J. Cent.South Univ. 43(2012)54–58.
[22] L.P. Buckley, S. Vijayan, G.J. Mc Coneghy, S.R. Maves, J.F. Martin, Removal of soluble toxic metals from water, At. Energy Canada Limited, AECL 50 1990, pp. 1544–1590.
[23] P. Ca?izares,á. Pérez, R. Camarillo, J. Llanos, M.L. López, Selective separation of Pb from hard water by a semi-continuous polymer-enhanced ultra?ltration process(PEUF), Desalination 206(2007)602–613.
[24] M. Frappart, M.Y. Jaffrin, L.H. Ding, V. Espina, Effect of vibration frequency and membrane shear rate on nano?ltration of diluted milk, using a vibratory dynamic?ltration system, Sep. Purif. Technol. 62(2008)212–221.
[25] I. Ruigómez, L. Vera, E. González, G. González, J. Rodríguez-Sevilla, A novel rotating HF membrane to control fouling on anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating wastewater, J. Membr. Sci. 501(2016)45–52.
[26] W. Shi, M.M. Benjamin, Effect of shear rate on fouling in a Vibratory Shear Enhanced Processing(VSEP)RO system, J. Membr. Sci. 366(2011)148–157.
[27] O. Akoum, M.Y. Jaffrin, L.H. Ding, Concentration of total milk proteins by high shear ultra?ltration in a vibrating membrane module, J. Membr. Sci. 247(2005)211–220.
[28] A. Brou, L. Ding, P. Boulnois, M.Y. Jaffrin, Dynamic micro?ltration of yeast suspensions using rotating disks equipped with vanes, J. Membr. Sci. 197(2002)269–282.
[29] W.X. Zhang, L.H. Ding, N. Grimi, M.Y. Jaffrin, B. Tang, Application of UF-RDM(Ulta?ltration Rotating Disk Membrane)module for separation and concentration of leaf protein from alfalfa juice:Optimization of operation conditions, Sep. Purif.Technol. 175(2017)365–375.
[30] J. Luo, L. Ding, Y. Wan, P. Paullier, M.Y. Jaffrin, Application of NF-RDM(nano?ltration rotating disk membrane)module under extreme hydraulic conditions for the treatment of dairy wastewater, Chem. Eng. J. 163(2010)307–316.
[31] T. Li, A.W.K. Law, M. Cetin, A.G. Fane, Fouling control of submerged hollow?bre membranes by vibrations, J. Membr. Sci. 427(2013)230–239.
[32] R. Bouzerar, M.Y. Jaffrin, L.H. Ding, P. Paullier, In?uence of geometry and angular velocity on performance of a rotating disk?lter, AICHE J. 46(2000)257–265.
[33] R. Bouzerar, L. Ding, M.Y. Jaffrin, Local permeate?ux–shear–pressure relationships in a rotating disk micro?ltration module:Implications for global performance,J. Membr. Sci. 170(2000)127–141.
[34] B.R. Bouzerar, M.Y. Jaffrin, A. Lefevre, P. Paullier, Concentration of ferric hydroxide suspensions in saline medium by dynamic cross-?ow?ltration, J. Membr. Sci. 165(2000)111–123.
[35] X.W. Chen, J. Fu, J.H. Shao, U. Nguyen, S. Zhou, Y.L. He, Simultaneous removal of humic acid and heavy metal from aqueous solutions using charged ultra?ltration membranes, Sep. Sci. Technol. 52(11)(2017)1913–1919.
[36] J. Zeng, H. Ye, Z. Hu, Application of the hybrid complexation–ultra?ltration process for metal ion removal from aqueous solutions, J. Hazard. Mater. 161(2009)1491–1498.