学历、专业错配与高校毕业生就业质量

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英文篇名：Job-Education Mismatches in Degrees and Majors and Employment Quality of College Graduates 作者：郭睿 ; 周灵灵 ; 苏亚琴 ; 杨伟国 英文作者：Guo Rui;Zhou Lingling;Su Yaqin;Yang Weiguo;Center for Economics,Finance and Management Studies,Hunan University;Institute of Public Administration and Human Resources,Development Research Center of the State Council;School of Labor and Human Resources,Renmin University of China; 关键词：学历错配 ; 专业错配 ; 高校毕业生 ; 就业质量 英文关键词：degree mismatch;;major mismatch;;college graduates;;employment quality 中文刊名：LDJJ 英文刊名：Studies in Labor Economics 机构：湖南大学经济管理研究中心;国务院发展研究中心公共管理与人力资源研究所;中国人民大学劳动人事学院; 出版日期：2019-04-15 出版单位：劳动经济研究 年：2019 期：v.7;No.33 基金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“优化人力资本配置研究”(批准号:16CJY015)阶段性成果 语种：中文; 页：LDJJ201902005 页数：23 CN：02 ISSN：10-1128/F 分类号：79-101

摘要

本文从人力资本配置视角,运用中国雇主—雇员匹配调查数据分析了大专及以上学历人员所学专业、学历与工作的匹配程度对其薪酬和工作满意度的影响。在传统普通最小二乘回归的基础上,本文使用倾向得分匹配方法缓解专业、学历与工作匹配可能存在的自选择问题,增强研究结论的稳健性。研究发现,女性的学历、专业错配率高于男性,人文艺术类毕业生的专业错配率最高;在控制城市效应、个人特征和单位特征后,专业错配、学历错配对薪酬和工作满意度皆有显著负面影响;与专业错配相比,学历错配的影响程度更大。总之,"所学非所用"不利于充分发挥人力资本的潜在价值。基于研究结论,本文提出相应政策建议:要充分发挥政府职能,加强劳动力市场建设,更加重视产业结构、教育结构、就业结构和经济发展阶段的协同协调问题;大学生应努力提高就业竞争力,用人单位则可通过职业测试、在职培训、岗位调动等方式为员工提供合适岗位,拓展职业发展空间;高等院校应与时俱进,调整优化专业设置和培养方案。
        Using matched employer-employee data,this paper analyzes the effects of job-education mismatches in degrees and majors on income and job satisfaction among recent college graduates in China. We utilize propensity score matching( PSM) method to mitigate the self-selection issue associated with job matching process. Our results show that both degree and major mismatch ratios are higher among female students than male students,with those majored in humanities and arts having the highest mismatch ratio. After controlling for individual characteristics,employer characteristics,and city-level fixed effects,we find that both degree and major mismatches have significantly negative effects on income and job satisfaction,with the effects of degree mismatch being stronger. From our findings,we propose three policy recommendations. First,more attention needs to be paid to the coordination of industrial structure, education structure, employment structure, and economic development stage. Second,employers can use vocational testing,on-the-job training,job transfers,and other means to provide suitable positions for employees and to expand their career opportunities. Third,colleges and universities should keep adjusting and optimizing curriculum settings and training programs.

引文

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