基于盐响应型两性离子聚合物的饱和盐水钻井液
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摘要
基于带有等量阴、阳离子电荷的两性离子聚合物特殊的反聚电解质效应,采用反相乳液聚合法分别研制了高分子量低离子度(HvL)与低分子量高离子度(LvH)两种盐响应型两性离子聚合物。通过核磁共振氢谱与流变性测试分别表征了聚合物的结构与盐响应特性。利用饱和盐膨润土基浆对HvL与LvH进行了单剂评价,并考察了两者配比对基浆表观黏度与滤失量的影响,发现HvL具有更有效的降滤失作用而LvH更利于保持低黏度。以HvL、LvH为核心研制了一种配方简单的饱和盐水钻井液,研究表明,盐响应型聚合物的性能优于钻井液常用的两种抗盐聚合物AM-AMPS阴离子共聚物与AM-AMPS-DMDAAC两性离子共聚物;研制的钻井液具有出色的热稳定性与抗膨润土、泥页岩屑污染的性能,并有一定的抗CaCl2能力;盐响应型聚合物也适用于饱和KCl钻井液,普适性好。
Based on special antipolyelectrolyte effect of zwitterion polymer with same quantity of anionic and cationic charges, we developed two types of salt-responsive polyampholytes, one with high molecular weight and low charge density(HvL) and the other with low molecular weight and high charge density(LvH), by inverse emulsion polymerization. Molecular structure and salt-responsiveness of them were characterized by H-NMR and rheology measurement, respectively. HvL and LvH were evaluated in saturated-salt bentonite suspension and influences of their ratio on apparent viscosity and fluid loss were investigated as well. The results indicate that HvL is better at decreasing fluid loss while LvH is better at maintaining low viscosity. A saturated saltwater drilling fluid centering on HvL and Lv H with simple formula was designed and applied. It is indicated that salt-responsive polyampholytes are fundamentally better than AM-AMPS anionic copolymer and AM-AMPS-DMDAAC amphoteric copolymer. The saturated saltwater drilling fluid has excellent thermal stability, tolerance to bentonite and shale cuttings, and certain resistance to CaCl_2. Salt-responsive polyampholytes can be used in KCl saturated drilling fluid, with universal adaptability.
Based on special antipolyelectrolyte effect of zwitterion polymer with same quantity of anionic and cationic charges, we developed two types of salt-responsive polyampholytes, one with high molecular weight and low charge density(HvL) and the other with low molecular weight and high charge density(LvH), by inverse emulsion polymerization. Molecular structure and salt-responsiveness of them were characterized by H-NMR and rheology measurement, respectively. HvL and LvH were evaluated in saturated-salt bentonite suspension and influences of their ratio on apparent viscosity and fluid loss were investigated as well. The results indicate that HvL is better at decreasing fluid loss while LvH is better at maintaining low viscosity. A saturated saltwater drilling fluid centering on HvL and Lv H with simple formula was designed and applied. It is indicated that salt-responsive polyampholytes are fundamentally better than AM-AMPS anionic copolymer and AM-AMPS-DMDAAC amphoteric copolymer. The saturated saltwater drilling fluid has excellent thermal stability, tolerance to bentonite and shale cuttings, and certain resistance to CaCl_2. Salt-responsive polyampholytes can be used in KCl saturated drilling fluid, with universal adaptability.
引文
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[16]LIU F,JIANG G,PENG S L,et al.An amphoteric polymer as anti-calcium contamination fluid loss additive in water-based drilling fluids[J].Energy&Fuels,2016,30(9):7221-7228.
[17]艾贵成,邱佩瑜,王宏,等.有机盐聚合醇氯化钾钻井液的应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2006,23(3):51-53.AI Guicheng,QIU Peiyu,WANG Hong,et al.Application of organic salt/polyglycol/KCl drilling fluid[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2006,23(3):51-53.
[2]罗宇峰.抗高温高密度饱和盐水钻井液在川西地区的应用[J].钻采工艺,2017(5):98-101.LUO Yufeng.Application of high temperature and high density saturated salt water drilling fluid in West Sichuan[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2017(5):98-101.
[3]张岩,向兴金,鄢捷年,等.低自由水钻井液体系[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(4):27-28.ZHANG Yan,XIANG Xingjin,YAN Jienian,et al.A novel drilling fluid with less free water[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(4):27-28.
[4]蔺文洁,黄志宇,张远德.高密度饱和盐水钻井液在盐膏层钻进中的维护技术[J].天然气勘探与开发,2011,34(1):64-67.LIN Wenjie,HUANG Zhiyu,ZHANG Yuande.Maintenance technology of high-density saturated brine drilling fluid during drilling into salt-gypsum layer[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2011,34(1):64-67.
[5]孙金声,刘敬平,闫丽丽,等.国内外页岩气井水基钻井液技术现状及中国发展方向[J].钻井液与完井液,2016,33(5):1-8.SUN Jinsheng,LIU Jingping,YAN Lili,et al.Status quo of water base drilling fluid technology for shale gas drilling in China and abroad and its developing trend in China[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2016,33(5):1-8.
[6]王晓军,余婧,孙云超,等.适用于连续管钻井的无固相卤水钻井液体系[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(3):507-512.WANG Xiaojun,YU Jing,SUN Yunchao,et al.A solids-free brine drilling fluid system for coiled tubing drilling[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(3):507-512.
[7]罗文利,韩冬,韦莉,等.抗盐碱星形聚合物的合成和性能评价[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(4):477-482.LUO Wenli,HAN Dong,WEI Li,et al.Synthesis and property evaluation of a salt-and alkali-resistant star-polymer[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(4):477-482.
[8]何曼君,张红东,陈维孝,等.高分子物理[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2007.HE Manjun,ZHANG Hongdong,CHEN Weixiao,et al.High polymer physics[M].Shanghai:Fudan University Press,2007.
[9]ZHANG X,JIANG G,XUAN Y,et al.Associating copolymer AM/DMDAAC/BA/AMPS as a tackifier in clay-free and water-based drilling fluids[J].Energy&Fuels,2017,31(5):4655-4662.
[10]BUROVA T V,GRINBERG N V,GRINBERG V Y,et al.Orderdisorder conformational transitions of N-isopropylacrylamidesodium styrene sulfonate copolymers in aqueous solutions[J].Macromolecules,2008,41(16):5981-5984.
[11]BAGARIA H G,ZHENG X,NEILSON B M,et al.Iron oxide nanoparticles grafted with sulfonated copolymers are stable in concentrated brine at elevated temperatures and weakly adsorb on silica[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2013,5(8):3329-3339.
[12]SABBAGH I,DELSANTI M.Solubility of highly charged anionic polyelectrolytes in presence of multivalent cations:Specific interaction effect[J].European Physical Journal E,2000,1(1):75-86.
[13]RANKA M,BROWN P,HATTON T A.Responsive stabilization of nanoparticles for extreme salinity and high-temperature reservoir applications[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2015,7(35):19651-19658.
[14]XIAO S,YANG Y,ZHONG M,et al.Salt-responsive bilayer hydrogels with pseudo double network structure actuated by polyelectrolyte and anti-polyelectrolyte effects[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2017,9(24):20843-20851.
[15]YANG L,JIANG G,SHI Y,et al.Application of ionic liquid and polymeric ionic liquid as shale hydration inhibitors[J].Energy&Fuels,2017,31(4):4308-4317.
[16]LIU F,JIANG G,PENG S L,et al.An amphoteric polymer as anti-calcium contamination fluid loss additive in water-based drilling fluids[J].Energy&Fuels,2016,30(9):7221-7228.
[17]艾贵成,邱佩瑜,王宏,等.有机盐聚合醇氯化钾钻井液的应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2006,23(3):51-53.AI Guicheng,QIU Peiyu,WANG Hong,et al.Application of organic salt/polyglycol/KCl drilling fluid[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2006,23(3):51-53.