种稻年限对苏打盐碱土理化性质及真菌群落的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究不同种稻年限对苏打盐碱土理化性质及真菌群落的影响,为盐碱地改良提供理论依据。【方法】以分别种植水稻1年、3年、5年、15年、20年和50年的苏打盐碱地土壤为研究对象,通过常规分析和IlluminaMiSeq平台测序分析,对不同种稻年限苏打盐碱土基本理化性质及真菌在ITS1+ITS2区域的丰度和多样性进行研究。【结果】随种稻年限增加,苏打盐碱土的pH、电导率、总碱度以及水溶性盐分总量均显著下降;有机质和微生物量碳含量显著增加;全氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量随种稻年限增加呈升高趋势;速效磷含量先显著增加,在种稻20年时达最大值,之后略有下降;速效钾含量没有明显变化规律。种稻1年、3年、5年、15年、20年和50年的土壤中获得的真菌有效序列数量分别为56 942、42 482、45 987、92 214、64 665与68 515,包括5门12纲25目26科45属59种,其中枝孢菌属Cladosporium、霍特曼尼菌属Holtermanniella和马氏链球菌属Massariosphaeria为优势菌属,相对丰度均大于2%。α多样性指数随种稻年限增加先增大后逐渐减小,种稻5年时最大。土壤pH、电导率、总碱度、水溶性盐分总量和速效钾含量是影响种稻后苏打盐碱土真菌群落结构的主要环境因素。【结论】种植水稻可以明显改变苏打盐碱土基本理化性质和真菌群落结构,促进苏打盐碱土的改良。
【Objective】 To investigate the effects of different rice planting years on physicochemical properties and fungi communities of soda saline-alkali soil, and provide a theoretical basis for saline-alkali soil improvement.【Method】 Soda alkali-saline soil that had been planted with rice for 1, 3, 5, 15, 20 and 50 years respectively were chosen as research objects. The routine analysis and IlluminaMiSeq platform sequencing analysis were conducted to study the basic soil physicochemical properties, richness and diversity of fungi in ITS1+ITS2domain in soda saline-alkali soil with different rice planting year. 【Result】 With the increase of rice planting year, pH, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity and water soluble total salt of saline-alkali soil decreasedsignificantly; soil organic matter and microbial biomass carbon contents increased significantly; total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents presented increasing trends; available phosphorus increased significantly first, reaching the maximum in the treatment of planting rice for 20 years, then decreased slightly;and available potassium content had no obvious changing pattern. The effective sequence numbers of fungi obtained in soil with 1-, 3-, 5-, 15-, 20-and 50-year rice planting periods were 56 942, 42 482, 45 987, 92 214,64 665 and 68 515, including five phyla, 12 classes, 25 orders, 26 families, 45 genera and 59 species.Cladosporium, Holtermanniella and Massariosphaeria were dominant with relative abundance more than 2%.The α diversity indexes first increased and then decreased with the extension of rice planting years, reaching the largest in soil planted with rice for five years. Soil pH, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, water soluble total salt and available potassium contents were the main environmental factors affecting fungi communities of soda alkali-saline soil after planting rice. 【Conclusion】 Planting rice can siginificantly change the basic physicochemical properties and fungi community structures of soda alkali-saline soil, and promote soil improvement.
【Objective】 To investigate the effects of different rice planting years on physicochemical properties and fungi communities of soda saline-alkali soil, and provide a theoretical basis for saline-alkali soil improvement.【Method】 Soda alkali-saline soil that had been planted with rice for 1, 3, 5, 15, 20 and 50 years respectively were chosen as research objects. The routine analysis and IlluminaMiSeq platform sequencing analysis were conducted to study the basic soil physicochemical properties, richness and diversity of fungi in ITS1+ITS2domain in soda saline-alkali soil with different rice planting year. 【Result】 With the increase of rice planting year, pH, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity and water soluble total salt of saline-alkali soil decreasedsignificantly; soil organic matter and microbial biomass carbon contents increased significantly; total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents presented increasing trends; available phosphorus increased significantly first, reaching the maximum in the treatment of planting rice for 20 years, then decreased slightly;and available potassium content had no obvious changing pattern. The effective sequence numbers of fungi obtained in soil with 1-, 3-, 5-, 15-, 20-and 50-year rice planting periods were 56 942, 42 482, 45 987, 92 214,64 665 and 68 515, including five phyla, 12 classes, 25 orders, 26 families, 45 genera and 59 species.Cladosporium, Holtermanniella and Massariosphaeria were dominant with relative abundance more than 2%.The α diversity indexes first increased and then decreased with the extension of rice planting years, reaching the largest in soil planted with rice for five years. Soil pH, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, water soluble total salt and available potassium contents were the main environmental factors affecting fungi communities of soda alkali-saline soil after planting rice. 【Conclusion】 Planting rice can siginificantly change the basic physicochemical properties and fungi community structures of soda alkali-saline soil, and promote soil improvement.
引文
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[12]崔振.云计算在高通量测序数据分析中的应用[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2014,33(2):467-471.
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[15]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[16]AMATO K R,YEOMAN C J,KENT A,et al.Habitat degradation impacts black howler monkey(Alouatta pigra)gastrointestinal microbiomes[J].ISME J,2013,7(7):1344-1353.
[17]牛世全,龙洋,李海云,等.应用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析河西走廊地区盐碱土壤微生物多样性[J].微生物学通报,2017,44(9):2067-2078.
[18]冯君,马秀兰,王宇,等.微域内苏打盐碱化草原草甸碱土和草甸盐土土壤剖面特征[J].吉林农业大学学报,2018,40(6):1-8.
[19]LIU C,DING N,FU Q,et al.The influence of soil properties on the size and structure of bacterial and fungal communities along a paddy soil chronosequence[J].Eur JSoil Biol,2016,76:9-18.
[20]CHENG Y Q,YANG L Z,CAO Z H,et al.Chronosequential changes of selected pedogenic properties in paddy soils as compared with non-paddy soils[J].Geoderma,2009,151(1/2):31-41.
[21]LI Z P,ZHANG T L,HAN F X,et al.Changes in soil Cand N contents and mineralization across a cultivation chronosequence of paddy fields in subtropical China[J].Pedosphere,2005,15(5):554-562.
[22]赵兰坡,王宇,冯君,等.松嫩平原盐碱地改良利用:理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[23]徐晓腾,赵兰坡.种稻法对苏打盐碱土改良贡献的研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(12):130-133.
[24]王巍巍,魏春雁,张之鑫,等.不同种稻年限盐碱地水田表层土壤酶活性变化及其与土壤养分关系[J].东北农业科学,2016,41(4):43-48.
[25]KONG C,XU X,ZHOU B,et al.Two compounds from allelopathic rice accession and their inhibitory activity on weeds and fungal pathogens[J].Phytochemistry,2004,65(8):1123-1128.
[26]BACILIO-JIMENEZ M,AGUILAR-FLORES S,VEN-TURA-ZAPATA E,et al.Chemical characterization of root exudates from rice(Oryza sativa)and their effects on the chemotactic response of endophytic bacteria[J].Plant Soil,2003,249(2):271-277.
[27]李忠和.吉林西部稻田土壤微生物及酶活性对碳变化响应机制研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.
[28]陈丹梅,袁玲,黄建国,等.长期施肥对南方典型水稻土养分含量及真菌群落的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(2):286-295.
[29]AL-SADI A M,AL-MAZROUI S S,PHILLIPS A J L.Evaluation of culture-based techniques and 454pyrosequencing for the analysis of fungal diversity in potting media and organic fertilizers[J].J Appl Microbiol,2015,119(2):500-509.
[30]YELLE D J,RALPH J,LU F C,et al.Evidence for cleavage of lignin by a brown rot basidiomycete[J].Environ Microbiol,2008,10(7):1844-1849.
[31]FREY S D,KNORR M,PARRENT J L,et al.Chronic nitrogen enrichment affects the structure and function of the soil microbial community in temperate hardwood and pine forests[J].For Ecol Manage,2004,196(1):159-171.
[32]王艳云,郭笃发.黄河三角洲盐碱地土壤真菌多样性[J].北方园艺,2016(18):185-189.
[33]ZHOU J,JIANG X,ZHOU B K,et al.Thirty four years of nitrogen fertilization decreases fungal diversity and alters fungal community composition in black soil in northeast China[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2016,95:135-143.
[34]李鹏,李永春,史加亮,等.水稻秸秆还田时间对土壤真菌群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(13):4309-4317.
[35]胡芳,杜虎,曾馥平,等.典型喀斯特峰丛洼地不同植被恢复对土壤养分含量和微生物多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(6):2170-2179.
[2]YU J,WANG Z,MEIXNER F X,et al.Biogeochemical characterizations and reclamation strategies of saline sodic soil in Northeastern China[J].Clean(Weinh),2010,38(11):1010-1016.
[3]赵兰坡,冯君,王宇,等.松嫩平原盐碱地种稻开发的理论与技术问题[J].吉林农业大学学报,2012,34(3):237-241.
[4]AHN M Y,ZIMMERMAN A R,COMERFORD N B,et al.Carbon mineralization and labile organic carbonpoolsin the sandy soils of a North Florida watershed[J].Ecosystems,2009,12(4):672-685.
[5]MORRIS S J,BLACKWOOD C B.Soil microbiology ecology and biochemistry[M].Salt Lake:Academic Press,2015:273-309.
[6]NANNIPIERI P,ASCHER J,CECCHERINI M T,et al.Microbial diversity and soil functions[J].Eur J Soil Sci,2003,54(4):655-670.
[7]JOHANSSON J F,PAUL L R,FINLAY R D.Microbial interactions in the mycorrhizosphere and their significance for sustainable agriculture[J].FEMS Microbiol Ecol,2004,48(1):1-13.
[8]O’DONNELL A G,SEASMAN M,MACRAE A,et al.Plants and fertilisers as drivers of change in microbial community structure and function in soils[J].Plant Soil,2001,232(1/2):135-145.
[9]SINGH B K,NUNAN N,RIDGWAY K P,et al.Relationship between assemblages of mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria on grass roots[J].Environ Microbiol,2008,10(2):534-541.
[10]HAWKSWORTH D L.Global species numbers of fungi:Are tropical studies and molecular approaches contributing to a more robust estimate?[J].Biodivers Conserv,2012,21(9):2425-2433.
[11]MARGULIES M,EGHOLM M,ALTMAN W E,et al.Genome sequencing in open microfabricated high-density picoliter reactors[J].Nature,2005,437(7057):376-380.
[12]崔振.云计算在高通量测序数据分析中的应用[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2014,33(2):467-471.
[13]WIBBERG D,RUPP O,JELONEK L,et al.Improved genome sequence of the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IB 7/3/14 as established by deep matepair sequencing on the MiSeq(Illumina)system[J].J Biotechnol,2015,203:19-21.
[14]柴立涛,耿玉辉,宋引弟,等.施磷对吉林省西部盐碱土水田土壤无机磷组分的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(6):197-201.
[15]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[16]AMATO K R,YEOMAN C J,KENT A,et al.Habitat degradation impacts black howler monkey(Alouatta pigra)gastrointestinal microbiomes[J].ISME J,2013,7(7):1344-1353.
[17]牛世全,龙洋,李海云,等.应用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析河西走廊地区盐碱土壤微生物多样性[J].微生物学通报,2017,44(9):2067-2078.
[18]冯君,马秀兰,王宇,等.微域内苏打盐碱化草原草甸碱土和草甸盐土土壤剖面特征[J].吉林农业大学学报,2018,40(6):1-8.
[19]LIU C,DING N,FU Q,et al.The influence of soil properties on the size and structure of bacterial and fungal communities along a paddy soil chronosequence[J].Eur JSoil Biol,2016,76:9-18.
[20]CHENG Y Q,YANG L Z,CAO Z H,et al.Chronosequential changes of selected pedogenic properties in paddy soils as compared with non-paddy soils[J].Geoderma,2009,151(1/2):31-41.
[21]LI Z P,ZHANG T L,HAN F X,et al.Changes in soil Cand N contents and mineralization across a cultivation chronosequence of paddy fields in subtropical China[J].Pedosphere,2005,15(5):554-562.
[22]赵兰坡,王宇,冯君,等.松嫩平原盐碱地改良利用:理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[23]徐晓腾,赵兰坡.种稻法对苏打盐碱土改良贡献的研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(12):130-133.
[24]王巍巍,魏春雁,张之鑫,等.不同种稻年限盐碱地水田表层土壤酶活性变化及其与土壤养分关系[J].东北农业科学,2016,41(4):43-48.
[25]KONG C,XU X,ZHOU B,et al.Two compounds from allelopathic rice accession and their inhibitory activity on weeds and fungal pathogens[J].Phytochemistry,2004,65(8):1123-1128.
[26]BACILIO-JIMENEZ M,AGUILAR-FLORES S,VEN-TURA-ZAPATA E,et al.Chemical characterization of root exudates from rice(Oryza sativa)and their effects on the chemotactic response of endophytic bacteria[J].Plant Soil,2003,249(2):271-277.
[27]李忠和.吉林西部稻田土壤微生物及酶活性对碳变化响应机制研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.
[28]陈丹梅,袁玲,黄建国,等.长期施肥对南方典型水稻土养分含量及真菌群落的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(2):286-295.
[29]AL-SADI A M,AL-MAZROUI S S,PHILLIPS A J L.Evaluation of culture-based techniques and 454pyrosequencing for the analysis of fungal diversity in potting media and organic fertilizers[J].J Appl Microbiol,2015,119(2):500-509.
[30]YELLE D J,RALPH J,LU F C,et al.Evidence for cleavage of lignin by a brown rot basidiomycete[J].Environ Microbiol,2008,10(7):1844-1849.
[31]FREY S D,KNORR M,PARRENT J L,et al.Chronic nitrogen enrichment affects the structure and function of the soil microbial community in temperate hardwood and pine forests[J].For Ecol Manage,2004,196(1):159-171.
[32]王艳云,郭笃发.黄河三角洲盐碱地土壤真菌多样性[J].北方园艺,2016(18):185-189.
[33]ZHOU J,JIANG X,ZHOU B K,et al.Thirty four years of nitrogen fertilization decreases fungal diversity and alters fungal community composition in black soil in northeast China[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2016,95:135-143.
[34]李鹏,李永春,史加亮,等.水稻秸秆还田时间对土壤真菌群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(13):4309-4317.
[35]胡芳,杜虎,曾馥平,等.典型喀斯特峰丛洼地不同植被恢复对土壤养分含量和微生物多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(6):2170-2179.
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