二化螟雄蛾交配行为与精巢大小的关系
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摘要
【目的】为了明确二化螟Chilo suppressalis雄蛾交配行为与精巢大小的关系,阐明信息素群集诱杀防治二化螟的有效性。【方法】本研究通过测定和比较不同日龄、交配状态以及性信息素诱捕的二化螟雄蛾精巢体积,建立精巢体积与雄蛾发育及交配状态的相关性。【结果】雄蛾日龄显著影响二化螟的交配,刚羽化(0日龄)雄蛾的交配率较低,1日龄雄蛾的交配率最高,之后随着日龄增加交配率逐渐降低。精巢体积与二化螟雄蛾日龄之间存在显著的负相关性。同一日龄交配的二化螟雄蛾的精巢体积显著大于未交配雄蛾;性诱捕器诱捕雄蛾的精巢体积显著大于未被性诱捕器诱捕雄蛾,与已交配雄蛾的精巢体积相似。交配之后,精巢的发育过程和未交配雄蛾相似。田间性信息素引诱二化螟雄蛾精巢体积小于0-1日龄未交配雄蛾,大于2-6日龄未交配雄蛾。【结论】本研究结果表明,二化螟雄蛾对雌蛾性信息素的反应与其精巢大小存在正相关性;性信息素引诱的二化螟雄蛾具有更强的性信息素反应能力,同时性信息素引诱的大部分雄蛾为未交配状态;交配过程并不影响二化螟雄蛾精巢体积,也不影响精巢发育。二化螟交配能力与精巢大小的关系在理论上解释了性信息素群集诱杀二化螟的防控有效性,并为其他蛾类昆虫的交配研究提供依据。
【Aim】To explore the relationship between the testicular volume and mating activity of male moths of the striped rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, and to evaluate the effectiveness of sex pheromone trapping in the pest management. 【Methods】The testicular volume of different day-old male moths of C. suppressalis under different mating statuses and trapped by sex pheromone were measured and compared,and the relationship between the testicular volume and the developmental and mating statuses of male moths was established. 【Results 】 The age( day-old) of male moths of C. suppressalis significantly affected their mating activity. The mating rate of the newly emerged( 0-day-old) male moths was low,and the mating rate was the highest in the 1-day-old male moth and then decreased gradually as the age( day-old) of male moths increased. There was a significant negative correlation between the testicular volume and the age of male moths of C. suppressalis. The testicular volume of the mated male moths was significantly larger than that of the unmated male moths of the same age. The testicular volume of the male moths caught by pheromone traps was significantly larger than that of the untrapped male moths,but was as large as that of the mated male moths of the same age. The development of the testis in the mated moths was similar to that of the unmated individuals. The testicular volume of male moths caught by sex pheromone traps in the field was smaller than that of the unmated male moths of 0-1-dayold,but larger than that of the unmated male moths of 2-6-day-old. 【Conclusion】The results indicate a positive correlation between the response of male moths of C. suppressalis to sex pheromone and their testicular volume. Male moths trapped by sex pheromone lures show stronger responding activity to sex pheromone,and most of individuals caught by sex pheromone traps are the unmated ones. Copulation does not affect the testicular volume and the development of the testis of male moths of C. suppressalis.The relationship between the mating ability and testicular volume of male moths of C. suppressalis explains the effectiveness of sex pheromone trapping in pest management,and provides a basis for the mating study of other moths.
【Aim】To explore the relationship between the testicular volume and mating activity of male moths of the striped rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, and to evaluate the effectiveness of sex pheromone trapping in the pest management. 【Methods】The testicular volume of different day-old male moths of C. suppressalis under different mating statuses and trapped by sex pheromone were measured and compared,and the relationship between the testicular volume and the developmental and mating statuses of male moths was established. 【Results 】 The age( day-old) of male moths of C. suppressalis significantly affected their mating activity. The mating rate of the newly emerged( 0-day-old) male moths was low,and the mating rate was the highest in the 1-day-old male moth and then decreased gradually as the age( day-old) of male moths increased. There was a significant negative correlation between the testicular volume and the age of male moths of C. suppressalis. The testicular volume of the mated male moths was significantly larger than that of the unmated male moths of the same age. The testicular volume of the male moths caught by pheromone traps was significantly larger than that of the untrapped male moths,but was as large as that of the mated male moths of the same age. The development of the testis in the mated moths was similar to that of the unmated individuals. The testicular volume of male moths caught by sex pheromone traps in the field was smaller than that of the unmated male moths of 0-1-dayold,but larger than that of the unmated male moths of 2-6-day-old. 【Conclusion】The results indicate a positive correlation between the response of male moths of C. suppressalis to sex pheromone and their testicular volume. Male moths trapped by sex pheromone lures show stronger responding activity to sex pheromone,and most of individuals caught by sex pheromone traps are the unmated ones. Copulation does not affect the testicular volume and the development of the testis of male moths of C. suppressalis.The relationship between the mating ability and testicular volume of male moths of C. suppressalis explains the effectiveness of sex pheromone trapping in pest management,and provides a basis for the mating study of other moths.
引文
Alfaro C,Navarro-Llopis V,Primo J,2009.Optimization of pheromone dispenser density for managing the rice striped stem borer,Chilo suppressalis(Walker),by mating disruption.Crop Prot.,28(7):567-572.
Baker RH,Denniff M,Futerman P,Fowler K,Pomiankowski A,Chapman T,2003.Accessory gland size influences time to sexual maturity and mating frequency in the stalk-eyed fly,Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni.Behav.Ecol.,14(5):607-611.
Bangham J,Chapman T,Partridge L,2002.Effects of body size,accessory gland and testis size on pre-and postcopulatory success in Drosophila melanogaster.Anim.Behav.,64(6):915-921.
Chaudhury MFB,Raun ES,1966.Spermatogenesis and testicular development of the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis(Lepidoptera:Pyraustidae).Ann.Entomol.Soc.Am.,59(6):1157-1159.
Chen RZ,Klein MG,Sheng CF,Li QY,Li Y,Li LB,Hung X,2014.Mating disruption or mass trapping,compared with chemical insecticides,for suppression of Chilo suppressalis(Lepidoptera:Crambidae)in northeastern China.J.Econ.Entomol.,107(5):1828-1838.
Cuong NL,Cohen MB,2003.Mating and dispersal behaviour of Scirpophaga incertulas and Chilo suppressalis(Lepidoptera;Pyralidae)in relation to resistance management for rice transformed with Bacillus thuringiensis toxin genes.Int.J.Pest Manag.,49(4):275-279.
Du YJ,Guo R,Han QR,2013.The application of insect sex pheromone to control the rice stem borer and the rice leaf roller.China Plant Prot.,33(11):40-42,39.[杜永均,郭荣,韩清瑞,2013.利用昆虫性信息素防治水稻二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟应用技术.中国植保导刊,33(11):40-42,39]
Gage MJG,1994.Associations between body size,mating pattern,testis size and sperm lengths across butterflies.Proc.R.Soc.Lond.BBiol.Sci.,258(1353):247-254.
Gay L,Hosken DJ,Vasudev R,Tregenza T,Eady PE,2009.Sperm competition and maternal effects differentially influence testis and sperm size in Callosobruchus maculatus.J.Evol.Biol.,22(5):1143-1150.
Gomendio M,Harcourt AH,Roldán ERS,1998.Sperm competition in mammals.In:Birkhead TR,Moller AP eds.Sperm Competition and Sexual Selection Academic Press,San Diego.667-755.
Guo QS,Wang CR,Song XD,Feng B,Du YJ,2019.Effects of age and mating status on the characteristics of internal genital organs of male adults of the striped rice borer,Chilo suppressalis(Lepidoptera:Crambidae).Acta Entomol.Sin.,62(7):838-848.[郭前爽,王春荣,宋显东,冯波,陈庆华,杜永均,2019.日龄和交配状态对二化螟雄蛾内生殖器特征的影响.昆虫学报,62(7):838-848]
Hao XL,Zhao Z,Zhou G,Ren BZ,2006.Spermarian development of six dominant locust species in Siping area of Jilin Province,China.Chin.J.Ecol.,25(8):950-953.[郝锡联,赵卓,周革,任炳忠,2006.四平地区六种优势蝗虫精巢发育的动态变化.生态学杂志,25(8):950-953]
Hiroyoshi S,Reddy VG,2018.Field and laboratory studies on the ecology,reproduction,and adult diapause of the asian comma butterfly,Polygonia caureum L.(Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae).Insects,9(4):1-30.
Hosken DJ,Ward PI,2001.Experimental evidence for testis size evolution via sperm competition.Ecol.Lett.,4(1):10-13.
Hu Y,Dai C,He J,Zhu J,Zheng Y,Fu Q,2018.A technique for determining the mating status of Chilo suppressalis(Lepidoptera:Crambidae)males.J.Entomol.Sci.,53(1):11-16.
Huang C,Hu B,Li J,Wang Y,2016.Water-oats harbors two strains of the striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis(Lepidoptera:Crambidae)with temporal divergence in mating behavior.App.Entomol.Zool.,51(3):457-463.
Ishiguro N,Yoshida K,Tsuchida K,2006.Genetic differences between rice and water-oat feeders in the rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis(Walker)(Lepidoptera:Crambidae).App.Entomol.Zool.,41(4):585-593.
Jiao X,Xuan W,Sheng C,2006.Effects of delayed mating and male mating history on longevity and reproductive performance of the rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis(Walker)(Lep.,Pyralidae).J.Appl.Entomol.,130(2):108-112.
Jiao XG,Xuan WJ,Sheng CF,2006.Mating behavior of the rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis(Walker).Acta Ecol.Sin.,26(4):1110-1115.[焦晓国,宣维健,盛承发,2006.水稻二化螟的交配行为.生态学报,26(4):1110-1115]
Kanno H,1981a.Mating Behaviour of the rice stem borer moth,Chilo suppressalis Walker(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).V.Critical illumination intensity for female calling and male sexual response under various temperatures.Appl.Entomol.Zool.,16(3):179-185.
Kanno H,1981b.Mating behaviour of the rice stem borer moth,Chilo suppressalis Walker(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).VI.Effects of photoperiod on the diel rhythms of mating behaviours.Appl.Entomol.Zool.,16(4):406-411.
Kanno H,1981c.Seasonal variation in periodicity of mating behaviour in the rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis(Walker)(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).Bull.Entomol.Res.,71(4):631-637.
Kanno H,1984.Mating behaviour of the rice stem borer moth,Chilo suppressalis(Walker)(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).VII.Circadian rhythm of mating behaviour.Appl.Entomol.Zool.,19(2):263-265.
Kanno H,Sato A,1978.Mating behavior of the rice stem borer moth,Chilo suppressalis Walker(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).I.Effects of moth age on mating activity.Appl.Entomol.Zool.,13(3):215-221.
Kanno H,Sato A,1979.Mating behaviour of the rice stem borer moth,Chilo suppressalis Walker(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).II.Effects of temperature and relative humidity on mating activity.Appl.Entomol.Zool.,14(4):419-427.
Katvala M,Ronn JL,Arnqvist G,2008.Correlated evolution between male ejaculate allocation and female remating behaviour in seed beetles(Bruchidae).J.Evol.Biol.,21:471-479.
Lei YY,Wei BX,He YR,Lan HX,Wen LK,Hu YH,Yang DZ,2009.Utilization of sweet corn grain in mass-rearing experimental populations of the striped stem borer,Chilo suppressalis.Chin.Bull.Entomol.,46(5):795-798.[雷妍圆,韦秉兴,何余容,蓝海讯,温丽葵,胡艳红,杨东制,2009.用甜玉米粒饲养二化螟实验种群.昆虫知识,46(5):795-798]
Osanai M,Aigaki T,Kasuga H,1987.Energy metabolism in the testis of the silkmoth,Bombyx mori,associated with accumulation of alanine derived from arginine.Insect Biochem.,17(1):71-75.
Preston BT,Stevenson IR,Pemberton JM,Coltman DW,Wilson K,2003.Overt and covert competition in a promiscuous mammal:the importance of weaponry and testes size to male reproductive success.Proc.Biol.Sci.,270(1515):633-640.
Quan WL,Liu W,Zhou RQ,Chen R,Ma WH,Lei CL,Wang XP,2017.Difference in diel mating time contributes to assortative mating between host plant-associated populations of Chilo suppressalis.Sci.Rep.,7:45265.
Reinhardt K,2007.Ejaculate size varies with remating interval in the grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus erythropus(Caelifera:Acrididae).Eur.J.Entomol.,104(4):725-729.
Schulte-Hostedde AI,Millar JS,2004.Intraspecific variation of testis size and sperm length in the yellow-pine chipmunk(Tamias amoenus):implications for sperm competition and reproductive success.Behav.Ecol.Sociobiol.,55(3):272-277.
Spurgeon DW,Raulston JR,Lingren PD,Shaver TN,Proshold IF,Gillespie JM,1994.Temporal aspects of sperm transfer and testis condition in Mexican rice borers(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).J.Econ.Entomol.,87(2):371-376.
Su JW,Xuan WJ,Sheng CF,Ge F,2003.The sex pheromone of rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis in paddy fields:suppressing effect of mass trapping with synthetic sex pheromone.Chin.J.Rice Sci.,17(2):171-174.[苏建伟,宣维健,盛承发,戈峰,2003.水稻二化螟性信息素技术:大量诱捕二化螟的防治效果研究.中国水稻科学,17(2):171-174]
Sun LJ,Dai HG,Yi WX,Lu YQ,2002.The adult emergence rhythm and mating rhythm of rice host population and water-oats host population of the rice stem borer.Entomol.Knowl.,39(6):421-423.[孙丽娟,戴华国,衣维贤,陆永钦,2002.二化螟水稻类群与茭白类群成虫羽化节律和交配节律研究.昆虫知识,39(6):421-423]
Ueno H,Furukawa S,Tsuchida K,2006.Difference in the time of mating activity between host-associated populations of the rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis(Walker).Entomol.Sci.,9(3):255-259.
Ueno K,Hayasaka T,1997.Control effect on mating disruption of rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis(Walker)(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)with synthetic pheromones in paddy fields.Annu.Rpt.Soc.Plant Protect.North Japan,48:159-163.
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Xiong XZ,Sun Y,Hu CF,1984.Study on copulation habit of Chilo suppressalis Walker and usage of sex hormone to control the pest.J.Southwest Agric.Univ.,(4):42-49.[熊兴占,孙英,胡崇富,1984.水稻二化螟的交配习性与性诱治螟的研究.西南农学院学报,(4):42-49]
Yu Q,Yan Q,Dong SL,2017.Effect of temperature on the sex pheromone communication of Chilo suppressalis Walker(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,28(11):3784-3788.[余棋,闫祺,董双林,2017.温度对二化螟性信息素通讯的影响.应用生态学报,28(11):3784-3788]
Zuo W,Zhu ZJ,Zhu ZR,Du YJ,Chen C,Cheng JA,2008.An efficiency comparison of several trapping equipments baited with sex pheromone for capturing male moths of rice striped stem borer,Chilo suppressalis(Walker).J.Nucl.Agr.Sci.,22(2):238-241.[左文,巩中军,祝增荣,杜永均,陈灿,程家安,2008.水稻二化螟性信息素和诱捕器组合的田间诱蛾效果比较.核农学报,22(2):238-241]
Baker RH,Denniff M,Futerman P,Fowler K,Pomiankowski A,Chapman T,2003.Accessory gland size influences time to sexual maturity and mating frequency in the stalk-eyed fly,Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni.Behav.Ecol.,14(5):607-611.
Bangham J,Chapman T,Partridge L,2002.Effects of body size,accessory gland and testis size on pre-and postcopulatory success in Drosophila melanogaster.Anim.Behav.,64(6):915-921.
Chaudhury MFB,Raun ES,1966.Spermatogenesis and testicular development of the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis(Lepidoptera:Pyraustidae).Ann.Entomol.Soc.Am.,59(6):1157-1159.
Chen RZ,Klein MG,Sheng CF,Li QY,Li Y,Li LB,Hung X,2014.Mating disruption or mass trapping,compared with chemical insecticides,for suppression of Chilo suppressalis(Lepidoptera:Crambidae)in northeastern China.J.Econ.Entomol.,107(5):1828-1838.
Cuong NL,Cohen MB,2003.Mating and dispersal behaviour of Scirpophaga incertulas and Chilo suppressalis(Lepidoptera;Pyralidae)in relation to resistance management for rice transformed with Bacillus thuringiensis toxin genes.Int.J.Pest Manag.,49(4):275-279.
Du YJ,Guo R,Han QR,2013.The application of insect sex pheromone to control the rice stem borer and the rice leaf roller.China Plant Prot.,33(11):40-42,39.[杜永均,郭荣,韩清瑞,2013.利用昆虫性信息素防治水稻二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟应用技术.中国植保导刊,33(11):40-42,39]
Gage MJG,1994.Associations between body size,mating pattern,testis size and sperm lengths across butterflies.Proc.R.Soc.Lond.BBiol.Sci.,258(1353):247-254.
Gay L,Hosken DJ,Vasudev R,Tregenza T,Eady PE,2009.Sperm competition and maternal effects differentially influence testis and sperm size in Callosobruchus maculatus.J.Evol.Biol.,22(5):1143-1150.
Gomendio M,Harcourt AH,Roldán ERS,1998.Sperm competition in mammals.In:Birkhead TR,Moller AP eds.Sperm Competition and Sexual Selection Academic Press,San Diego.667-755.
Guo QS,Wang CR,Song XD,Feng B,Du YJ,2019.Effects of age and mating status on the characteristics of internal genital organs of male adults of the striped rice borer,Chilo suppressalis(Lepidoptera:Crambidae).Acta Entomol.Sin.,62(7):838-848.[郭前爽,王春荣,宋显东,冯波,陈庆华,杜永均,2019.日龄和交配状态对二化螟雄蛾内生殖器特征的影响.昆虫学报,62(7):838-848]
Hao XL,Zhao Z,Zhou G,Ren BZ,2006.Spermarian development of six dominant locust species in Siping area of Jilin Province,China.Chin.J.Ecol.,25(8):950-953.[郝锡联,赵卓,周革,任炳忠,2006.四平地区六种优势蝗虫精巢发育的动态变化.生态学杂志,25(8):950-953]
Hiroyoshi S,Reddy VG,2018.Field and laboratory studies on the ecology,reproduction,and adult diapause of the asian comma butterfly,Polygonia caureum L.(Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae).Insects,9(4):1-30.
Hosken DJ,Ward PI,2001.Experimental evidence for testis size evolution via sperm competition.Ecol.Lett.,4(1):10-13.
Hu Y,Dai C,He J,Zhu J,Zheng Y,Fu Q,2018.A technique for determining the mating status of Chilo suppressalis(Lepidoptera:Crambidae)males.J.Entomol.Sci.,53(1):11-16.
Huang C,Hu B,Li J,Wang Y,2016.Water-oats harbors two strains of the striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis(Lepidoptera:Crambidae)with temporal divergence in mating behavior.App.Entomol.Zool.,51(3):457-463.
Ishiguro N,Yoshida K,Tsuchida K,2006.Genetic differences between rice and water-oat feeders in the rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis(Walker)(Lepidoptera:Crambidae).App.Entomol.Zool.,41(4):585-593.
Jiao X,Xuan W,Sheng C,2006.Effects of delayed mating and male mating history on longevity and reproductive performance of the rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis(Walker)(Lep.,Pyralidae).J.Appl.Entomol.,130(2):108-112.
Jiao XG,Xuan WJ,Sheng CF,2006.Mating behavior of the rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis(Walker).Acta Ecol.Sin.,26(4):1110-1115.[焦晓国,宣维健,盛承发,2006.水稻二化螟的交配行为.生态学报,26(4):1110-1115]
Kanno H,1981a.Mating Behaviour of the rice stem borer moth,Chilo suppressalis Walker(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).V.Critical illumination intensity for female calling and male sexual response under various temperatures.Appl.Entomol.Zool.,16(3):179-185.
Kanno H,1981b.Mating behaviour of the rice stem borer moth,Chilo suppressalis Walker(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).VI.Effects of photoperiod on the diel rhythms of mating behaviours.Appl.Entomol.Zool.,16(4):406-411.
Kanno H,1981c.Seasonal variation in periodicity of mating behaviour in the rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis(Walker)(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).Bull.Entomol.Res.,71(4):631-637.
Kanno H,1984.Mating behaviour of the rice stem borer moth,Chilo suppressalis(Walker)(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).VII.Circadian rhythm of mating behaviour.Appl.Entomol.Zool.,19(2):263-265.
Kanno H,Sato A,1978.Mating behavior of the rice stem borer moth,Chilo suppressalis Walker(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).I.Effects of moth age on mating activity.Appl.Entomol.Zool.,13(3):215-221.
Kanno H,Sato A,1979.Mating behaviour of the rice stem borer moth,Chilo suppressalis Walker(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).II.Effects of temperature and relative humidity on mating activity.Appl.Entomol.Zool.,14(4):419-427.
Katvala M,Ronn JL,Arnqvist G,2008.Correlated evolution between male ejaculate allocation and female remating behaviour in seed beetles(Bruchidae).J.Evol.Biol.,21:471-479.
Lei YY,Wei BX,He YR,Lan HX,Wen LK,Hu YH,Yang DZ,2009.Utilization of sweet corn grain in mass-rearing experimental populations of the striped stem borer,Chilo suppressalis.Chin.Bull.Entomol.,46(5):795-798.[雷妍圆,韦秉兴,何余容,蓝海讯,温丽葵,胡艳红,杨东制,2009.用甜玉米粒饲养二化螟实验种群.昆虫知识,46(5):795-798]
Osanai M,Aigaki T,Kasuga H,1987.Energy metabolism in the testis of the silkmoth,Bombyx mori,associated with accumulation of alanine derived from arginine.Insect Biochem.,17(1):71-75.
Preston BT,Stevenson IR,Pemberton JM,Coltman DW,Wilson K,2003.Overt and covert competition in a promiscuous mammal:the importance of weaponry and testes size to male reproductive success.Proc.Biol.Sci.,270(1515):633-640.
Quan WL,Liu W,Zhou RQ,Chen R,Ma WH,Lei CL,Wang XP,2017.Difference in diel mating time contributes to assortative mating between host plant-associated populations of Chilo suppressalis.Sci.Rep.,7:45265.
Reinhardt K,2007.Ejaculate size varies with remating interval in the grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus erythropus(Caelifera:Acrididae).Eur.J.Entomol.,104(4):725-729.
Schulte-Hostedde AI,Millar JS,2004.Intraspecific variation of testis size and sperm length in the yellow-pine chipmunk(Tamias amoenus):implications for sperm competition and reproductive success.Behav.Ecol.Sociobiol.,55(3):272-277.
Spurgeon DW,Raulston JR,Lingren PD,Shaver TN,Proshold IF,Gillespie JM,1994.Temporal aspects of sperm transfer and testis condition in Mexican rice borers(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).J.Econ.Entomol.,87(2):371-376.
Su JW,Xuan WJ,Sheng CF,Ge F,2003.The sex pheromone of rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis in paddy fields:suppressing effect of mass trapping with synthetic sex pheromone.Chin.J.Rice Sci.,17(2):171-174.[苏建伟,宣维健,盛承发,戈峰,2003.水稻二化螟性信息素技术:大量诱捕二化螟的防治效果研究.中国水稻科学,17(2):171-174]
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