基于长时平漂间隔的上下二次探空研究
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摘要
基于气象探空运动的动力学理论模型,设计开发了实现"上升1 h-平漂4 h-下降1 h"3阶段约6 h左右的往返平漂式探空系统(即基于长时平漂间隔的上下二次探空)。研究分析了气球平漂运动轨迹,结合地面接收机探测能力进行站网理论设计,以期达到世界气象组织的要求。在此基础上,选择长沙探空站及其周边的2个接受点组成实验网,进行小区域范围的验证对比和分析实验。实验表明系统上升探测相对现有单次气球探空准确度要高,其中温度偏差整体在±2.0℃内;下降探测实现了在原有单次放球探空基础上的时间加密,结合上升探测可以实现捕获天气细微变化,平漂探测弥补了平流层长时效连续直接探测的资料空白,具有很好的应用前景。
Based on meteorological sounding motion dynamics theory, "ringing about one hour-flat-floating about four hours-falling about one hour" three stages about six hours sounding system was designed. The movement trajectory of flat-floating was studied and analyzed. The station net was theoretically redesigned in accordance with the detect-ability of ground receiver to meet the requirements of World Meteorological Organization. Afterwareds, Changsha upper-air station and two circumjacent site were selected to form an experimental network and to carry out the verification experiment of small area. Experiments show that the accuracy of the system rising is higher than the single operation sounding by balloon. The overall deviation of temperature is within ±2.0℃. The system falling can realize the time encryption of the original single balloon sounding, and could capture subtle weather changes by combining with the system rising. The system flat-floating can make up the lack of data of stratosphere-troposphere continuous direct detection with long aging, which has a good prospect of application.
Based on meteorological sounding motion dynamics theory, "ringing about one hour-flat-floating about four hours-falling about one hour" three stages about six hours sounding system was designed. The movement trajectory of flat-floating was studied and analyzed. The station net was theoretically redesigned in accordance with the detect-ability of ground receiver to meet the requirements of World Meteorological Organization. Afterwareds, Changsha upper-air station and two circumjacent site were selected to form an experimental network and to carry out the verification experiment of small area. Experiments show that the accuracy of the system rising is higher than the single operation sounding by balloon. The overall deviation of temperature is within ±2.0℃. The system falling can realize the time encryption of the original single balloon sounding, and could capture subtle weather changes by combining with the system rising. The system flat-floating can make up the lack of data of stratosphere-troposphere continuous direct detection with long aging, which has a good prospect of application.
引文
[1] 郭启云,杨荣康,钱媛,等. 气球携带探空仪上升和降落伞携带探空仪下降的全程探空对比分析[J].气象,2018,44(8):1094-1103.GUO Q Y, YANG R K, QIAN Y, et al. Full-range sounding comparison analysis of balloon borne radiosonde rising and parachute carrying radiosonde descending [J]. Meteorological Monthly, 2018, 44(8):1094-1103.
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[9] 陈婧亚,许龙霞,李孝辉. 接收机位置误差对GNSS定时的影响分析[J].仪器仪表学报,2017, 38(6): 1458-1465.CHEN J, XU L X, LI X H. Analysis of receiver position error impact on GNSS timing [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2017, 38(6): 1458-1465.
[10] JOHN N, TIM O, HOLGER V, et al. WMO intercomparison of high quality radiosonde systems, YangJiang, China 12 July-3August, 2010 [R]. World Meteorological Organisation, Instruments and Observing Methods, 2011.
[11] STEPHEN A C, TERRY H, PHILIPPE C, et al. Driftsondes: Providing in situ long-duration dropsonde observation over remote regions [J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2013, 94(11): 1661-1674.
[12] WANG J H. A long-term, high-quality, high-vertical-resolution gps dropsonde dataset for hurricane and other studies [J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2015, 96(6): 961-973.
[13] 刘宇迪,李国义,任景鹏. 散射计和下投式探空仪资料对台风模拟的影响[J]. 气象科学,2012,32(1): 18- 28.LIU Y D, LI G Y, REN J P. The impact of scatterometer and dropsonde data on the numerical simulation of typhoons [J]. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences, 2012, 32(1): 18- 28.
[14] RATNAM V M, PRAVALLIKA N, BABU R S, et al. Assessment of GPS radiosonde descent data[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2014, 7(4): 1011-1025.
[15] SUSHKO A, TEDJARATI A, CREUS-COSTA J, et al. Low cost,high endurance,altitude-controlled latex balloon for near-space research(ValBal) [J]. IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings,2017,doi: 10.1109/AERO.2017.7943912.
[16] WMO. Guide to meteorological instruments and methods of observation [R]. World Meteorological Organization, 2014.
[2] 郭启云,杨加春,杨荣康,等.球载式下投国产北斗探空仪测风性能评估[J].南京信息工程大学学报(自然科学版),2018,10(5):629- 640.GUO Q Y, YANG J CH, YANG R K, et al. Evaluation of wind performance of domestic Beidou dropsonde of ball-loading [J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 10(5): 629- 640.
[3] 郭启云,李峰,郭凯,等.自动探空系统性能实验与评估[J].电子测量技术,2015,38(2): 10-15.GUO Q Y, LI F, GUO K, et al. The evaluation of experiment and the performance of automatic sounding system [J]. Electronic Measurement Technology, 2015, 38(2): 10-15.
[4] 崔云先,薛帅毅,周通,等.薄膜瞬态温度传感器的制备及性能研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(12): 3028-3035.CUI Y X, XUE SH Y, ZHOU T, et al. Fabrication and performance analysis of thin film transient temperature sensor [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2017, 38(12): 3028-3035.
[5] 姜力,贺晓雷,行鸿彦.改进GA-SVM的湿度传感器温度补偿研究[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2017,31(9): 1420-1426.JIANG L, HE XI L, XING H Y. Research of temperature compensation for humidity sensor based on improved GA SVM [J].Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, 2017, 31(9): 1420-1426.
[6] 张艳华,陈玉玲,赵爽,等.压阻式压力传感器温度补偿技术的研究及应用[J]. 电子测量技术,2017,40(5): 138-142,153.ZHANG Y H, CHEN Y L, ZAHO SH, et al. Research on method of temperature compensation for piezoresistive pressure sensor [J].Electronic Measurement Technology, 2017, 40(5): 138-142,153.
[7] 黄建明,张明达.光纤光栅应变传感器温度补偿[J].国外电子测量技术,2017,36(5): 74-77.HUANG J M, ZHANG M D. Temperature compensation of fiber brag grating strain sensors [J]. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 2017, 36(5): 74-77.
[8] BECKER J, TATE M W, SHANKS K S, et al. Characterization of chromium compensated GaAs as an X-ray sensor material for charge-integrating pixel array detectors [J]. Journal of Instrumentation, 2018, 11(21): 1- 29.
[9] 陈婧亚,许龙霞,李孝辉. 接收机位置误差对GNSS定时的影响分析[J].仪器仪表学报,2017, 38(6): 1458-1465.CHEN J, XU L X, LI X H. Analysis of receiver position error impact on GNSS timing [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2017, 38(6): 1458-1465.
[10] JOHN N, TIM O, HOLGER V, et al. WMO intercomparison of high quality radiosonde systems, YangJiang, China 12 July-3August, 2010 [R]. World Meteorological Organisation, Instruments and Observing Methods, 2011.
[11] STEPHEN A C, TERRY H, PHILIPPE C, et al. Driftsondes: Providing in situ long-duration dropsonde observation over remote regions [J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2013, 94(11): 1661-1674.
[12] WANG J H. A long-term, high-quality, high-vertical-resolution gps dropsonde dataset for hurricane and other studies [J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2015, 96(6): 961-973.
[13] 刘宇迪,李国义,任景鹏. 散射计和下投式探空仪资料对台风模拟的影响[J]. 气象科学,2012,32(1): 18- 28.LIU Y D, LI G Y, REN J P. The impact of scatterometer and dropsonde data on the numerical simulation of typhoons [J]. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences, 2012, 32(1): 18- 28.
[14] RATNAM V M, PRAVALLIKA N, BABU R S, et al. Assessment of GPS radiosonde descent data[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2014, 7(4): 1011-1025.
[15] SUSHKO A, TEDJARATI A, CREUS-COSTA J, et al. Low cost,high endurance,altitude-controlled latex balloon for near-space research(ValBal) [J]. IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings,2017,doi: 10.1109/AERO.2017.7943912.
[16] WMO. Guide to meteorological instruments and methods of observation [R]. World Meteorological Organization, 2014.