典型农田退耕后土壤真菌与细菌群落的演替
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摘要
土壤真菌和细菌作为地下生态系统的重要组成部分,其群落的恢复状况是评价农田退耕还林生态效益的重要指标。以云南省维西县典型退耕还林农田为对象,利用高通量测序等方法比较了不同退耕年限的农田土壤中真菌和细菌群落随植被演替的变化特征。结果发现,农田撂荒后土壤细菌多样性先显著降低后缓慢上升,真菌多样性变化不明显;地上部植被由草本经灌丛再向林地演替的过程中,土壤真菌的群落组成随植被变化呈现明显的改变,主要体现在粪壳菌纲(Sordariomycetes)所占比例的减少(由30%减至10%左右)和伞菌纲(Agaricomycetes)所占比例的增加(由5%以下增至20%以上);而细菌的群落组成无明显变化。聚类分析的结果显示,真菌的群落组成变化与植物群落的演替规律更为同步。不同演替阶段的退耕农田土壤真菌和细菌群落均明显区别于未经扰动的天然林,表明人为扰动对土壤微生物群落的影响可能在较长时间内持续存在。研究揭示了云南典型农田退耕后地下土壤真菌和细菌群落随植被演替的变化特征,为全面评价该地区退耕还林的生态效益提供了数据支撑。
As pivotal components of belowground communities, soil fungi and bacteria are important indices for evaluating the ecological benefits of the Grain for Green program in China. In this study, we used a high-throughput sequencing approach to compare the succession of soil fungal and bacterial communities in a typical chronosequence of abandoned agricultural lands in Yunnan Province, southwest China. The results showed that bacterial diversity decreased significantly and then increased gradually after the soil was abandoned, while fungal diversity showed no significant change. However, when plant communities changed from herb to woodland via the shrub stage during reforestation, the proportion of Sordariomycetes decreased significantly from 30% to approximately 10% and the proportion of Agaricomycetes increased from 5% to more than 20%; there was no obvious change in the bacterial community composition along the chronosequence. Clustering analysis showed that the successional pattern of the fungi community was more consistent with plant communities than bacterial along successional stages. Both fungi and bacteria communities in undisturbed natural forest soil differed significantly from those in other stages, indicating that anthropogenic disturbance of soil microbial communities has long-term effects. These results revealed the succession characteristics of soil fungal and bacterial communities during reforestation in typical abandoned soil in Yunnan Province and provide essential data support for the comprehensive evaluation of the ecological benefits of the Grain for Green project in Southwest China.
As pivotal components of belowground communities, soil fungi and bacteria are important indices for evaluating the ecological benefits of the Grain for Green program in China. In this study, we used a high-throughput sequencing approach to compare the succession of soil fungal and bacterial communities in a typical chronosequence of abandoned agricultural lands in Yunnan Province, southwest China. The results showed that bacterial diversity decreased significantly and then increased gradually after the soil was abandoned, while fungal diversity showed no significant change. However, when plant communities changed from herb to woodland via the shrub stage during reforestation, the proportion of Sordariomycetes decreased significantly from 30% to approximately 10% and the proportion of Agaricomycetes increased from 5% to more than 20%; there was no obvious change in the bacterial community composition along the chronosequence. Clustering analysis showed that the successional pattern of the fungi community was more consistent with plant communities than bacterial along successional stages. Both fungi and bacteria communities in undisturbed natural forest soil differed significantly from those in other stages, indicating that anthropogenic disturbance of soil microbial communities has long-term effects. These results revealed the succession characteristics of soil fungal and bacterial communities during reforestation in typical abandoned soil in Yunnan Province and provide essential data support for the comprehensive evaluation of the ecological benefits of the Grain for Green project in Southwest China.
引文
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[29] 曹鹏,贺纪正.微生物生态学理论框架.生态学报,2015,35(22):7263- 7273.
[30] Zhang C,Liu G B,Xue S,Wang G L.Soil bacterial community dynamics reflect changes in plant community and soil properties during the secondary succession of abandoned farmland in the Loess Plateau.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2016,97:40- 49.
[31] 贺纪正,王军涛.土壤微生物群落构建理论与时空演变特征.生态学报,2015,35(20):6575- 6583.
[2] Caldwell I M,Maclaren V W,Chen J M,Ju W M,Zhou S,Yin Y,Boland A.An integrated assessment model of carbon sequestration benefits:a case study of Liping county,China.Journal of Environmental Management,2007,85(3):757- 773.
[3] Dong J W,Liu J Y,Shi W J.China′s sloping land conversion program at the beginning of 21st century and its habitat suitability in typical region of loess plateau.Journal of Resources and Ecology,2010,1(1):36- 44.
[4] 程冬兵,蔡崇法,孙艳艳.植被恢复研究综述.亚热带水土保持,2006,18(2):24- 26.
[5] 邹厚远,刘国彬,王晗生.子午岭林区北部近50年植被的变化发展.西北植物学报,2002,22(1):1- 8.
[6] 许明祥,王征,张金,刘国彬.黄土丘陵区土壤有机碳固存对退耕还林草的时空响应.生态学报,2012,32(17):5405- 5415.
[7] 董莉丽,陈益娥,李晓华.吴起县退耕还林对土壤团聚体水稳性和养分含量的影响.林业科学,2014,50(5):140- 146.
[8] Fierer N.Embracing the unknown:disentangling the complexities of the soil microbiome.Nature Reviews Microbiology,2017,15(10):579- 590.
[9] Hu H W,He J Z.Comammox—a newly discovered nitrification process in the terrestrial nitrogen cycle.Journal of Soils and Sediments,2017,17(12):2709- 2717.
[10] Hu J L,Tsang W,Wu F Y,Wu S C,Wang J H,Lin X G,Wong M H.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi optimize the acquisition and translocation of Cd and P by cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plant cultivated on a Cd-contaminated soil.Journal of Soils and Sediments,2016,16(9):2195- 2202.
[11] Harris J A.Measurements of the soil microbial community for estimating the success of restoration.European Journal of Soil Science,2003,54(4):801- 808.
[12] An S S,Huang Y M,Zheng F L.Evaluation of soil microbial indices along a revegetation chronosequence in grassland soils on the Loess Plateau,Northwest China.Applied Soil Ecology,2009,41(3):286- 292.
[13] Jiang J P,Xiong Y C,Jiang H M,Ye D Y,Song Y J,Li F M.Soil microbial activity during secondary vegetation succession in semiarid abandoned lands of Loess Plateau.Pedosphere,2009,19(6):735- 747.
[14] Prober S M,Leff J W,Bates S T,Borer E T,Firn J,Harpole W S,Lind E M,Seabloom E W,Adler P B,Bakker J D,Cleland E E,DeCrappeo N M,DeLorenze E,Hagenah N,Hautier Y,Hofmockel K S,Kirkman K P,Knops J M H,La Pierre K J,MacDougall A S,McCulley R L,Mitchell C E,Risch A C,Schuetz M,Stevens C J,Williams R J,Fierer N.Plant diversity predicts beta but not alpha diversity of soil microbes across grasslands worldwide.Ecology Letters,2015,18(1):85- 95.
[15] Brown S P,Jumpponen A.Contrasting primary successional trajectories of fungi and bacteria in retreating glacier soils.Molecular Ecology,2014,23(2):481- 497.
[16] Delgado-Baquerizo M,Bissett A,Eldridge D J,Maestre F T,He J Z,Wang J T,Hamonts K,Liu Y R,Singh B K,Fierer N.Palaeoclimate explains a unique proportion of the global variation in soil bacterial communities.Nature Ecology & Evolution,2017,1(9):1339- 1347.
[17] Ge Y,He J Z,Zhu Y G,Zhang J B,Xu Z H,Zhang L M,Zheng Y M.Differences in soil bacterial diversity:driven by contemporary disturbances or historical contingencies?The ISME Journal,2008,2(3):254- 264.
[18] Wang J T,Zheng Y M,Hu H W,Li J,Zhang L M,Chen B D,Chen W P,He J Z.Coupling of soil prokaryotic diversity and plant diversity across latitudinal forest ecosystems.Scientific Reports,2016,6:19561.
[19] Fernandes C A,Martins-Santos I C.Mapping of the 18S and 5S ribosomal RNA genes in Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski,2000 (Teleostei,Characidae) from the upper Paraná river basin,Brazil.Genetics and Molecular Biology,2006,29(3):464- 468.
[20] Claesson M J,Wang Q,O′Sullivan O,Greene-Diniz R,Cole J R,Ross R P,O′Toole P W.Comparison of two next-generation sequencing technologies for resolving highly complex microbiota composition using tandem variable 16S rRNA gene regions.Nucleic Acids Research,2010,38(22):e200.
[21] Caporaso J G,Kuczynski J,Stombaugh J,Bittinger K,Bushman F D,Costello E K,Fierer N,Peňa A G,Goodrich J K,Gordon J I,Huttley G A,Kelley S T,Knights D,Koenig J E,Ley R E,Lozupone C A,McDonald D,Muegge B D,Pirrung M,Reeder J,Sevinsky J R,Turnbaugh P J,Walters W A,Widmann J,Yatsunenko T,Zaneveld J,Knight R.QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data.Nature Methods,2010,7(5):335- 336.
[22] Pruesse E,Quast C,Knittel K,Fuchs B M,Ludwig W,Peplies J,Gl?ckner F O.SILVA:a comprehensive online resource for quality checked and aligned ribosomal RNA sequence data compatible with ARB.Nucleic Acids Research,2007,35(21):7188- 7196.
[23] Oksanen J,Blanchet F G,Kindt R,Legend P,Minchin P R,O′Hara R B,Simpson G L,Solymos P,Stevens M H H,Wagner H.Community ecology package.2013- 12- 12.http:// cran.r-project.org,http://vegan.r-forge.r-project.org/.
[24] 王海英,郭守玉,黄满荣,Thorsten L H,魏江春.子囊菌较担子菌具有更快的进化速率和更高的物种多样性.中国科学:生命科学,2010,40(8):731- 737.
[25] 秦越,马琨,刘萍.马铃薯连作栽培对土壤微生物多样性的影响.中国生态农业学报,2015,23(2):225- 232.
[26] Mali T,Kuuskeri J,Shah F,Lundell T K.Interactions affect hyphal growth and enzyme profiles in combinations of coniferous wood-decaying fungi of Agaricomycetes.PLoS One,2017,12(9):e0185171.
[27] Fierer N,Jackson R B.The diversity and biogeography of soil bacterial communities.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006,103(3):626- 631.
[28] Li J J,Zheng Y M,Yan J X,Li H J,He J Z.Succession of plant and soil microbial communities with restoration of abandoned land in the Loess Plateau,China.Journal of Soils and Sediments,2013,13(4):760- 769.
[29] 曹鹏,贺纪正.微生物生态学理论框架.生态学报,2015,35(22):7263- 7273.
[30] Zhang C,Liu G B,Xue S,Wang G L.Soil bacterial community dynamics reflect changes in plant community and soil properties during the secondary succession of abandoned farmland in the Loess Plateau.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2016,97:40- 49.
[31] 贺纪正,王军涛.土壤微生物群落构建理论与时空演变特征.生态学报,2015,35(20):6575- 6583.