苏北浅滩绿藻从定生到漂浮过程中的组成及其生长特性
|
摘要
本文研究了苏北浅滩紫菜养殖筏架上附生的定生绿藻及海面上的漂浮绿藻在3月底和5月初的群落组成及其演替变化。分别通过设置滩涂围隔实验和船基围隔实验,研究附着态和漂浮态绿藻和浒苔(Ulvaprolifera)的相对生长率,分析浒苔在苏北浅滩的实际生长状况以及滩涂潮水涨落对于浒苔成为优势种的影响,以期了解其暴发绿潮的原因。结果显示3月底定生绿藻群落主要以曲浒苔(U. flexuosa)和盘苔(Blidingia minima)为主要优势种,未见浒苔出现。5月初定生绿藻群落中主要以盘苔和扁浒苔(U.compressa)为优势种,其中浒苔只占15%。而在5月初海面漂浮的绿藻中,浒苔成为主要优势种,比例达到76%。在设置的船基围隔和滩涂围隔的生长实验中,均以5月初定生绿藻为初始生物量,其中附着态浒苔在转变为漂浮态浒苔过程中都获得了较高生长率,其平均相对生长率分别为53.0和64.2%/d,而漂浮态浒苔在船基围隔中获得相对生长率则较低,为19.1%/d。实验结果表明,定生绿藻中定生浒苔更快适应漂浮状态,可以通过高生长率迅速成为漂浮绿藻中的绝对优势种,为其暴发绿潮奠定生物量基础。
We studied the community structure of attached green algae and floated green algae in late March and early May. The relative growth rate(RGR) of green algae and Ulva prolifera was conducted in the experiments of ship-based mesocosm and shoal-based mesocosm. The results show that the main dominant species of the green algae community in late March were U. flexuosa and Blidingia minima but no U. prolifera occurred. The dominant species in early May were Blidingia minima and U. compressa. U. prolifera accounted for 15% of the total biomass of attached green algae in late May, but increased to 76.0% after they floated onto the sea surface. The results of ship-based mesocosm and shoal-based mosocosm experiments showed that the relative growth rate of attached U. prolifera reached the highest RGR value of64.2%/d. The RGR of the free-floating U. prolifera was 19.1%/d lower than the attached U. prolifera. Therefore, the fast floating ability and high growth ability of U. prolifera were the main reasons for blooming into the green tides.
We studied the community structure of attached green algae and floated green algae in late March and early May. The relative growth rate(RGR) of green algae and Ulva prolifera was conducted in the experiments of ship-based mesocosm and shoal-based mesocosm. The results show that the main dominant species of the green algae community in late March were U. flexuosa and Blidingia minima but no U. prolifera occurred. The dominant species in early May were Blidingia minima and U. compressa. U. prolifera accounted for 15% of the total biomass of attached green algae in late May, but increased to 76.0% after they floated onto the sea surface. The results of ship-based mesocosm and shoal-based mosocosm experiments showed that the relative growth rate of attached U. prolifera reached the highest RGR value of64.2%/d. The RGR of the free-floating U. prolifera was 19.1%/d lower than the attached U. prolifera. Therefore, the fast floating ability and high growth ability of U. prolifera were the main reasons for blooming into the green tides.
引文
丁兰平,栾日孝,2009.浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)的分类鉴定、生境习性及分布.海洋与湖沼,40(1):68-71
丁兰平,栾日孝,黄冰心等,2008.黄海西部、渤海海域盒管藻科Capsosiphonaceae(石莼目Ulvales)的分类研究.海洋学报,30(2):169-174
吴洪喜,徐爱光,吴美宁,2000.浒苔实验生态的初步研究.浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),19(3):230-234
邹定辉,阮祚禧,陈伟洲,2004.干出状态下羊栖菜的光合作用特性.海洋通报,2004,23(5):33-39
宋伟,2014.苏北浅滩定生绿藻的鉴定、生理特征及群落演替研究.长沙:湖南农业大学博士学位论文
黄显军,骆其君,2012.光照与低温对3种浒苔存活的影响.宁波大学学报(理工版),25(1):24-26
Blomster J,B?ck S,Fewer D P et al,2002.Novel morphology in Enteromorpha(Ulvophyceae)forming green tides.American Journal of Botany,89(11):1756-1763
Burkholder J M,Tomasko D A,Touchette B W,2007.Seagrasses and eutrophication.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,350(1-2):46-72
Fan S L,Fu M Z,Wang Z L et al,2015.Temporal variation of green macroalgal assemblage on Porphyra aquaculture rafts in the Subei Shoal,China.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,163:23-28
Fletcher R L,1996.The occurrence of‘‘green tides’’-a review.In:Schramm W,Nienhuis P H eds.Marine Benthic Vegetation.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,7-43
Han W,Chen L P,Zhang J H et al,2013.Seasonal variation of dominant free-floating and attached Ulva species in Rudong coastal area,China.Harmful Algae,28:46-54
Hu C M,Li D Q,Chen C S et al,2010.On the recurrent Ulva prolifera blooms in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,115(C5):C05017,doi:10.1029/2009JC005561
Keesing J K,Liu D Y,Shi Y J et al,2016.Abiotic factors influencing biomass accumulation of green tide causing Ulva spp.on Pyropia culture rafts in the Yellow Sea,China.Marine Pollution Bulletin,105(1):88-97
Li R X,Wu X W,Wei Q S et al,2009.Growth of Enteromorpha prolifera under different nutrient conditions.Advances in Marine Science,27(2):211-216
Li Y,Song W,Xiao J et al,2014.Tempo-spatial distribution and species diversity of green algae micro-propagules in the Yellow Sea during the large-scale green tide development.Harmful Algae,39:40-47
Liu D,Keesing J K,Dong Z et al,2010.Recurrence of Yellow Sea green tide in June 2009 confirms coastal seaweed aquaculture provides nursery for generation of macroalgal blooms.Marine Pollution Bulletin,60:1423-1432
Liu D Y,Keesing J K,He P M et al,2013.The world’s largest macroalgal bloom in the Yellow Sea,China:formation and implications.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,129:2-10
Liu D Y,Keesing J K,Xing Q G et al,2009.World’s largest macroalgal bloom caused by expansion of seaweed aquaculture in China.Marine Pollution Bulletin,58(6):888-895
Luo M B,Liu F,Xu Z L,2012,Growth and nutrient uptake capacity of two co-occurring species,Ulva prolifera and Ulva linza,Aquatic Botany,100:18-24
Morand P,Merceron M,2004.Coastal eutrophication and excessive growth of macroalgae.In:Pandalai S G ed.Recent Research Developments in Environmental Biology,Vol 1(2).Trivandrum,Kerala,India:Research Signpost,395-449
Nelson T A,Haberlin K,Nelson A V et al,2008.Ecological and physiological controls of species composition in green macroalgal blooms.Ecology,89(5):1287-1298
Nelson T A,Lee D J,Smith B C,2003.Are“green tides”harmful algal blooms?Toxic properties of water-soluble extracts from two bloom-forming macroalgae,Ulva fenestrata and Ulvaria obscura(Ulvophyceae).Journal of Phycology,2003,39(5):874-879
Shen Q,Li H Y,Li Y et al,2012.Molecular identification of green algae from the rafts based infrastructure of Porphyra yezoensis.Marine Pollution Bulletin,64(10):2077-2082
Son Y B,Min J E,Ryu J H,2012.Detecting massive green algae(Ulva prolifera)blooms in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea using geostationary ocean color imager(GOCI)data.Ocean Science Journal,47(3):359-375
Taylor R,Fletcher R L,Raven J A,2001.Preliminary studies on the growth of selected‘green tide’algae in laboratory culture:effects of irradiance,temperature,salinity and nutrients on growth rate.Botanica Marina,44:327-336
Van Alstyne K L,Nelson T A,Ridgway R L,2015.Environmental chemistry and chemical ecology of‘‘green tide’’seaweed blooms.Integrative and Comparative Biology,55(3):518-532
Wang X H,Li L,Bao X et al,2009.Economic cost of an algae bloom cleanup in China’s 2008 Olympic sailing venue.Eos,Transactions American Geophysical Union,90(28):238-239
Wang X H,Qiao F L,Lu J et al,2011.The turbidity maxima of the northern Jiangsu shoal-water in the Yellow Sea,China.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,93(3):202-211
Wang Z L,Xiao J,Fan S L et al,2015.Who made the world’s largest green tide in China?-An integrated study on the initiation and early development of the green tide in Yellow Sea.Limnology and Oceanography,60(4):1105-1117
Ye N H,Zhang X W,Mao Y Z et al,2011.‘Green tides’are overwhelming the coastline of our blue planet:taking the world's largest example.Ecological Research,26(3):477-485
Zhang J H,Huo Y Z,Wu H L et al,2014.The origin of the Ulva macroalgal blooms in the Yellow Sea in 2013.Marine Pollution Bulletin,89(1-2):276-283
Zhang X W,Xu D,Mao Y Z et al,2011.Settlement of vegetative fragments of Ulva prolifera confirmed as an important seed source for succession of a large-scale green tide bloom.Limnology and Oceanography,56(1):233-242
Zhao J,Jiang P,Liu Z Y et al,2013.The Yellow Sea green tides were dominated by one species,Ulva(Enteromorpha)prolifera,from 2007 to 2011.Chinese Science Bulletin,58(19):2298-2302
Zhou M J,Liu D Y,Anderson D M et al,2015.Introduction to the Special Issue on green tides in the Yellow Sea.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,163:3-8
Zhou C Z,Sun G S,1981.On the genesis of the shoal off north Jiangsu.Marine Geological Research,1(1):83-91
丁兰平,栾日孝,黄冰心等,2008.黄海西部、渤海海域盒管藻科Capsosiphonaceae(石莼目Ulvales)的分类研究.海洋学报,30(2):169-174
吴洪喜,徐爱光,吴美宁,2000.浒苔实验生态的初步研究.浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),19(3):230-234
邹定辉,阮祚禧,陈伟洲,2004.干出状态下羊栖菜的光合作用特性.海洋通报,2004,23(5):33-39
宋伟,2014.苏北浅滩定生绿藻的鉴定、生理特征及群落演替研究.长沙:湖南农业大学博士学位论文
黄显军,骆其君,2012.光照与低温对3种浒苔存活的影响.宁波大学学报(理工版),25(1):24-26
Blomster J,B?ck S,Fewer D P et al,2002.Novel morphology in Enteromorpha(Ulvophyceae)forming green tides.American Journal of Botany,89(11):1756-1763
Burkholder J M,Tomasko D A,Touchette B W,2007.Seagrasses and eutrophication.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,350(1-2):46-72
Fan S L,Fu M Z,Wang Z L et al,2015.Temporal variation of green macroalgal assemblage on Porphyra aquaculture rafts in the Subei Shoal,China.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,163:23-28
Fletcher R L,1996.The occurrence of‘‘green tides’’-a review.In:Schramm W,Nienhuis P H eds.Marine Benthic Vegetation.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,7-43
Han W,Chen L P,Zhang J H et al,2013.Seasonal variation of dominant free-floating and attached Ulva species in Rudong coastal area,China.Harmful Algae,28:46-54
Hu C M,Li D Q,Chen C S et al,2010.On the recurrent Ulva prolifera blooms in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,115(C5):C05017,doi:10.1029/2009JC005561
Keesing J K,Liu D Y,Shi Y J et al,2016.Abiotic factors influencing biomass accumulation of green tide causing Ulva spp.on Pyropia culture rafts in the Yellow Sea,China.Marine Pollution Bulletin,105(1):88-97
Li R X,Wu X W,Wei Q S et al,2009.Growth of Enteromorpha prolifera under different nutrient conditions.Advances in Marine Science,27(2):211-216
Li Y,Song W,Xiao J et al,2014.Tempo-spatial distribution and species diversity of green algae micro-propagules in the Yellow Sea during the large-scale green tide development.Harmful Algae,39:40-47
Liu D,Keesing J K,Dong Z et al,2010.Recurrence of Yellow Sea green tide in June 2009 confirms coastal seaweed aquaculture provides nursery for generation of macroalgal blooms.Marine Pollution Bulletin,60:1423-1432
Liu D Y,Keesing J K,He P M et al,2013.The world’s largest macroalgal bloom in the Yellow Sea,China:formation and implications.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,129:2-10
Liu D Y,Keesing J K,Xing Q G et al,2009.World’s largest macroalgal bloom caused by expansion of seaweed aquaculture in China.Marine Pollution Bulletin,58(6):888-895
Luo M B,Liu F,Xu Z L,2012,Growth and nutrient uptake capacity of two co-occurring species,Ulva prolifera and Ulva linza,Aquatic Botany,100:18-24
Morand P,Merceron M,2004.Coastal eutrophication and excessive growth of macroalgae.In:Pandalai S G ed.Recent Research Developments in Environmental Biology,Vol 1(2).Trivandrum,Kerala,India:Research Signpost,395-449
Nelson T A,Haberlin K,Nelson A V et al,2008.Ecological and physiological controls of species composition in green macroalgal blooms.Ecology,89(5):1287-1298
Nelson T A,Lee D J,Smith B C,2003.Are“green tides”harmful algal blooms?Toxic properties of water-soluble extracts from two bloom-forming macroalgae,Ulva fenestrata and Ulvaria obscura(Ulvophyceae).Journal of Phycology,2003,39(5):874-879
Shen Q,Li H Y,Li Y et al,2012.Molecular identification of green algae from the rafts based infrastructure of Porphyra yezoensis.Marine Pollution Bulletin,64(10):2077-2082
Son Y B,Min J E,Ryu J H,2012.Detecting massive green algae(Ulva prolifera)blooms in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea using geostationary ocean color imager(GOCI)data.Ocean Science Journal,47(3):359-375
Taylor R,Fletcher R L,Raven J A,2001.Preliminary studies on the growth of selected‘green tide’algae in laboratory culture:effects of irradiance,temperature,salinity and nutrients on growth rate.Botanica Marina,44:327-336
Van Alstyne K L,Nelson T A,Ridgway R L,2015.Environmental chemistry and chemical ecology of‘‘green tide’’seaweed blooms.Integrative and Comparative Biology,55(3):518-532
Wang X H,Li L,Bao X et al,2009.Economic cost of an algae bloom cleanup in China’s 2008 Olympic sailing venue.Eos,Transactions American Geophysical Union,90(28):238-239
Wang X H,Qiao F L,Lu J et al,2011.The turbidity maxima of the northern Jiangsu shoal-water in the Yellow Sea,China.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,93(3):202-211
Wang Z L,Xiao J,Fan S L et al,2015.Who made the world’s largest green tide in China?-An integrated study on the initiation and early development of the green tide in Yellow Sea.Limnology and Oceanography,60(4):1105-1117
Ye N H,Zhang X W,Mao Y Z et al,2011.‘Green tides’are overwhelming the coastline of our blue planet:taking the world's largest example.Ecological Research,26(3):477-485
Zhang J H,Huo Y Z,Wu H L et al,2014.The origin of the Ulva macroalgal blooms in the Yellow Sea in 2013.Marine Pollution Bulletin,89(1-2):276-283
Zhang X W,Xu D,Mao Y Z et al,2011.Settlement of vegetative fragments of Ulva prolifera confirmed as an important seed source for succession of a large-scale green tide bloom.Limnology and Oceanography,56(1):233-242
Zhao J,Jiang P,Liu Z Y et al,2013.The Yellow Sea green tides were dominated by one species,Ulva(Enteromorpha)prolifera,from 2007 to 2011.Chinese Science Bulletin,58(19):2298-2302
Zhou M J,Liu D Y,Anderson D M et al,2015.Introduction to the Special Issue on green tides in the Yellow Sea.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,163:3-8
Zhou C Z,Sun G S,1981.On the genesis of the shoal off north Jiangsu.Marine Geological Research,1(1):83-91