面向实时监测的无线传感网低功耗通信策略
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摘要
现场监测是无线传感网的主要应用领域之一,具有部署周期长、节点电池供电、感知数据实时上传等特点。针对此类数据采集应用的特点,提出了一种基于前导序列唤醒机制的媒体访问控制(MAC)层调度策略。通过对数据上传路径的节点唤醒时间的协调调度,减小了发送节点前导序列的长度,降低了节点的能耗和信道竞争的开销,提高了异常数据上传的实时性。对于多跳树形网络,本策略与现有的低功耗MAC协议进行了能耗分析对比。通过仿真和实验,验证了本策略的有效性,在保证数据实时性和投递率的同时,大大提高了网络寿命。
Field monitoring is one of the main applications of wireless sensor networks, which has the characteristics of long deployment period, battery powered nodes, real-time uploading sensing data and etc. Aiming at the characteristics of this type real-time data acquisition applications, in this paper a scheduling scheme for media access control(MAC) layer based on preamble sequence wake up mechanism is proposed. Through coordinating the scheduling of the node wake up time of the data uploading path, this scheme decreases the length of the preamble sequence of the sender, reduces the node energy consumption and channel contention overhead, and improves the real-time performance of abnormal data uploading. The energy consumption analysis and comparison for multi-hop tree network between the proposed scheme and the existing low-power MAC protocols were conducted. The simulation and experiment results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, the proposed scheme greatly increases the network lifetime, while ensures the real time performance and delivery ratio of the data at the same time.
Field monitoring is one of the main applications of wireless sensor networks, which has the characteristics of long deployment period, battery powered nodes, real-time uploading sensing data and etc. Aiming at the characteristics of this type real-time data acquisition applications, in this paper a scheduling scheme for media access control(MAC) layer based on preamble sequence wake up mechanism is proposed. Through coordinating the scheduling of the node wake up time of the data uploading path, this scheme decreases the length of the preamble sequence of the sender, reduces the node energy consumption and channel contention overhead, and improves the real-time performance of abnormal data uploading. The energy consumption analysis and comparison for multi-hop tree network between the proposed scheme and the existing low-power MAC protocols were conducted. The simulation and experiment results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, the proposed scheme greatly increases the network lifetime, while ensures the real time performance and delivery ratio of the data at the same time.
引文
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[2] KUMAR SA, ILANGO P. The impact of wireless sensor network in the field of precision agriculture: A review[J]. Wireless Personal Communications, 2018, 98(1):685- 698.
[3] APONTE-LUIS J, GóMEZ-GALáN J A, GóMEZ-BRAVO F, et al. An efficient wireless sensor network for industrial monitoring and control[J]. Sensors, 2018, 18(1):182-196.
[4] 董海俊,韦素媛,刘兴成,等. 面向环境感知的无线传感网络路由方法综述[J]. 计算机科学,2018,45(1):14- 23,33.DONG H J, WEI S Y, LIU X CH, et al. Review of wireless sensor network routing method for environment perception[J]. Computer Science, 2018,45(1):14- 23,33.
[5] 王頲,段斯静,黄庆卿,等.工业物联网确定性调度中TDMA紧时隙时间精度边界可靠性分析[J].仪器仪表学报,2018,39(6):120-131.WANG T, DUAN S J, HUANG Q Q, et al. Reliability analysis of time precision boundary for tight slots of TDMA in deterministic scheduling of industrial internet of things[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2018,39(6): 120-131.
[6] RAULT T, BOUABDALLAH A, CHALLAL Y. Energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks: A top-down survey[J]. Computer Networks, 2014, 67(8):104-122.
[7] VAQUERIZO-HDEZ D, MU?OZ P, R-MORENO M D, et al. A low power consumption algorithm for efficient energy consumption in ZigBee motes[J]. Sensors, 2017, 17(10): 2179- 2200.
[8] DJIROUN F Z, DJENOURI D. MAC protocols with wake-up radio for wireless sensor networks: A review[J]. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2016, 19 (1):587- 618.
[9] 梁俊斌,刘晓东,李陶深,等. 低占空比无线传感器网络中MAC协议研究进展[J]. 电视技术,2017,41(11/12):88-94.LIANG J B, LIU X D, LI T SH, et al. Research progress of MAC protocols in low-duty-cycle wireless sensor networks[J].Video Engineering,2017,41(11/12):88-94.
[10] 张晓玲, 梁炜, 于海斌,等. 无线传感器网络传输调度方法综述[J]. 通信学报,2012,33(5):143-157.ZHANG X L, LIANG W, YU H B, et al. Survey of transmission scheduling methods in wireless sensor networks[J]. Journal on Communications, 2012,33(5): 143-157.
[11] CANO C, BELLALTA B, SFAIROPOULOU A, et al. Low energy operation in WSNs: A survey of preamble sampling MAC protocols[J]. Computer Networks, 2011,55(15): 3351- 3363.
[12] BUETTNER M, YEE G V, ANDERSON E, et al. X-MAC: A short preamble MAC protocol for duty-cycled wireless sensor networks[C]. ACM SenSys,2006: 307-320.
[13] LIU S, FAN K W, SINHA P. CMAC: An energy-efficient MAC layer protocol using convergent packet forwarding for wireless sensor networks[J]. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, 2009, 5(4):1-34.
[14] MERLIN C J, HEINZELMAN W B. Schedule adaptation of low-power-listening protocols for wireless sensor networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2010, 9(5): 672- 685.
[15] MOSS D, LEVIS P. BoX-MACs: Exploiting physical and link layer boundaries in low-power networking[R]. Technical Report, 2008.
[16] MAHLKNECHT S, BOCK M. CSMA-MPS: A minimum preamble sampling MAC protocol for low power wireless sensor networks[C]. IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems, 2004, doi:1109/WFCS.2004.1377683.
[17] WONG K J, ARVIND D. SpeckMAC: Low-power decentralised MAC protocol low data rate transmissions in specknets[C]. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Multi-Hop Ad Hoc Networks: From Theory to Reality, 2006,doi:10.1145/1132983.1132996.
[18] MERLIN C J, HEINZELMAN W B. Node synchronization for minimizing delay and energy consumption in low-power-listening MAC protocols[C]. IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems, 2008: 265- 274.
[19] HURNI P, BRAUN T. Maxmac: A maximally traffic-adaptive MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks[C]. 7th Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2010: 289-305.
[20] CANO C, BELLALTA B, SFAIROPOULOU A, et al. A low power listening MAC with scheduled wake up after transmissions for WSNs[J]. IEEE Communication Letters, 2009, 13(4): 221- 223.
[21] GNAWALI O, FONSECA R, JAMIESON K, et al. Collection tree protocol[C]. ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems,2009:1-14.