感应电动机自耦磁控软起动系统的建模及瞬态特性分析
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摘要
针对大容量感应电动机在恶劣环境下起动时存在的电流过大和电压暂降等问题,提出了自耦磁控起动新型拓扑结构,该结构结合了自耦降压起动和磁控软起动两种方式的优点,能够实现大电机在恶劣环境下的平滑起动。通过对自耦磁控起动系统中机电磁原理的分析,建立了基于空间矢量的电机起动瞬态模型,深入分析了感应电动机在起动控制过程中各机电磁物理量的瞬变特性,并通过仿真和实验予以验证。该软起动系统采用可平滑切换的新型拓扑结构及其控制策略,有效解决了无磁控环节的自耦降压起动存在的二次冲击问题,改善了起动电流、电网压降等运行特性,兼具自耦起动与磁控起动两者的优势,可靠性高,成本低,免维护。
In order to solve the problems of excessive current and voltage sag during the starting of large capacity induction motors under severe conditions, a novel topology structure based on autotransformer and magnetic control(ATMC) is proposed. The structure combines the merits of auto-transformer starting and magnetic-control starting, which can realize the smooth starting of large motor in harsh environment. Through the analysis of the electromagnetic principle of the system, the transient model expressed with space vector is established, and the transient characteristics of the mechanical and electromagnetic physical quantities of the starting process are analyzed. The correctness of the transient model and its characteristics is verified with the simulation and experimental results. By adopting an improved topology structure which can be switched smoothly and its control strategy, the system effectively solves the high spike of auto-transformer starting without magnetic-control link. Moreover, the system improves the starting current, grid voltage sag and other operating characteristics. The system has the advantages of auto-transformer starting and magnetic control starting,high reliability,low cost,and maintenance-free.
In order to solve the problems of excessive current and voltage sag during the starting of large capacity induction motors under severe conditions, a novel topology structure based on autotransformer and magnetic control(ATMC) is proposed. The structure combines the merits of auto-transformer starting and magnetic-control starting, which can realize the smooth starting of large motor in harsh environment. Through the analysis of the electromagnetic principle of the system, the transient model expressed with space vector is established, and the transient characteristics of the mechanical and electromagnetic physical quantities of the starting process are analyzed. The correctness of the transient model and its characteristics is verified with the simulation and experimental results. By adopting an improved topology structure which can be switched smoothly and its control strategy, the system effectively solves the high spike of auto-transformer starting without magnetic-control link. Moreover, the system improves the starting current, grid voltage sag and other operating characteristics. The system has the advantages of auto-transformer starting and magnetic control starting,high reliability,low cost,and maintenance-free.
引文
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[16]崔学深,张自力,王泽忠,等.基于固态切换开关的感应电机类负荷电源快速切换新策略及参数计算[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(18):21-28.CUI Xueshen,ZHANG Zili,WANG Zezhong,et al.Novel rapid power switching strategy and its parameter calculation of induction motor-load based on solid state transfer switch[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(18):21-28.
[17]黄迪,曾正,邵伟华,等.基于DVR的感应电动机柔性快速再启动方法[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(1):197-203.HUANG Di,ZENG Zheng,SHAO Weihua,et al.Flexible and fast restart of induction motor based on DVR[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(1):197-203.
[18]刘子文,苗世洪,范志华,等.统一电能质量调节器最优输出跟踪控制策略[J].高电压技术,2018,44(7):2385-2392.LIU Ziwen,MIAO Shihong,FAN Zhihua,et al.Optimal output tracking control strategy of unified power quality conditioner[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(7):2385-2392.
[19]李超,李钢,董云龙,等.MMC-HVDC启动过程用限流电阻保护策略[J].高电压技术,2019,45(1):39-45.LI Chao,LI Gang,DONG Yunlong,et al.Protection strategy of current suppression resistor used in MMC-HVDC startup process[J].High Voltage Engineering,2019,45(1):39-45.
[20]陈君,孟彦京,段明亮,等.一种高起动转矩的感应电机起动方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(9):32-39.CHEN Jun,MENG Yanjing,DUAN Mingliang,et al.A starting method of induction motor with high starting torque[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(9):32-39.
[2]WANG X,YONG J,XU W,et al.Practical power quality charts for motor starting assessment[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2011,26(2):799-808.
[3]王颖.中压电动机传统起动方式的危害性[J].大电机技术,2003(4):42-45.WANG Ying.Harmfulness of the traditional way to start middle voltage motors[J].Large Electric Machine and Hydraulic Turbine,2003(4):42-45.
[4]杜姗姗,陈柏超,余梦泽,等.磁阀式可控电抗器在高压电机软起动中的应用[J].高压电器,2006,42(3):228-230.DU Shanshan,CHEN Baichao,YU Mengze,et al.The application of magnetically controllable reactor in the soft-start of high voltage motor[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2006,42(3):228-230.
[5]黄文聪,常雨芳,肖义平,等.自耦磁控软起动过程中无功功率动态补偿策略[J].电力电子技术,2015,49(7):29-32.HUANG Wencong,CHAN Yufang,XIAO Yiping,et al.Reactive power compensation strategy during motors soft starting process based on auto transformer magnetic control[J].Power Electronics,2015,49(7):29-32.
[6]吕广强,许扬,程明,等.新型软起动最小转矩脉动的控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报.2005,25(19):140-145.LüGuangqiang,XU Yang,CHENG Ming,et al.Control strategy of minimum torque pulsation for a novel soft starter of induction motors[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(19):140-145.
[7]孙津济,房建成,王建民.异步电动机软起动过程中的振荡[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(2):15-21.SUN Jinji,FANG Jiancheng,WANG Jianmin.Oscillation in soft-starting of induction motor[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(2):15-21.
[8]白华,赵争鸣,胡弦,等.三电平变频调速系统中直流预励磁试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(3):159-163.BAI Hua,ZHAO Zhengming,HU Xian,et al.The experimental analysis of DC pre-excitation for 3-Level inverter-motor system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(3):159-163.
[9]张臻,童军,韩海伦,等.基于分级变频的高转矩软起动器[J].电机与控制应用,2015(3):76-81.ZHANG Zhen,TONG Jue,HAN Hailun,et al.High torque soft starter based on discrete frequency[J].Electric Machines&Control Applictoation,2015(3):76-81.
[10]邓桂平,孙元章,徐箭.应用综合负荷模型的电容补偿配电网感应电动机起动方法[J].电网技术,2009,33(4):61-64.DENG Guiping,SUN Yuanzhang,XU Jian.Capacitor-compensated starting of induction motors in distribution network based on synthesis load model[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(4):61-64.
[11]赵云,刘世琦,李晓明,等.考虑电磁暂态过程的大功率异步电机全压起动方法[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):464-473.ZHAO Yun,LIU Shiqi,LI Xiaoming,et al.Full voltage starting method of high-power asynchronous motor considering electromagnetic transient process[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):464-473.
[12]常雨芳,孙磊,黄文聪,等.自耦磁控软起动器起动性能分析[J].电力电子技术,2014,48(1):58-59.CHANG Yufang,SUN Lei,HUANG Wencong,et al.Analysis of starting performance of soft based on ATMC[J].Power Electronics,2014,48(1):58-59.
[13]YUAN J,ZHOU J,CHEN B,et al.A novel compact high-voltage test system based on a magnetically controlled resonant transformer[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2015,51(11):1-4.
[14]陈柏超,宋继明,周俊卫,等.紧凑型升压补偿一体化特高压工频耐压试验系统设计[J].高电压技术,2015,41(5):1719-1725.CHEN Baichao,SONG Jiming,ZHOU Junwei,et al.Design of compact UHV power-frequency withstand voltage testing system integrated with compensation and boost function[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(5):1719-1725.
[15]崔学深,罗应立,周振华,等.感应电动机的电源快速软投入技术及其初始瞬态解析[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(6):93-99.CUI Xueshen,LUO Yingli,ZHOU Zhenhua,et al.Rapid soft re-switching technique of three-phase induction motors and its initial transient analytical method[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2009,29(6):93-99.
[16]崔学深,张自力,王泽忠,等.基于固态切换开关的感应电机类负荷电源快速切换新策略及参数计算[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(18):21-28.CUI Xueshen,ZHANG Zili,WANG Zezhong,et al.Novel rapid power switching strategy and its parameter calculation of induction motor-load based on solid state transfer switch[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(18):21-28.
[17]黄迪,曾正,邵伟华,等.基于DVR的感应电动机柔性快速再启动方法[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(1):197-203.HUANG Di,ZENG Zheng,SHAO Weihua,et al.Flexible and fast restart of induction motor based on DVR[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(1):197-203.
[18]刘子文,苗世洪,范志华,等.统一电能质量调节器最优输出跟踪控制策略[J].高电压技术,2018,44(7):2385-2392.LIU Ziwen,MIAO Shihong,FAN Zhihua,et al.Optimal output tracking control strategy of unified power quality conditioner[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(7):2385-2392.
[19]李超,李钢,董云龙,等.MMC-HVDC启动过程用限流电阻保护策略[J].高电压技术,2019,45(1):39-45.LI Chao,LI Gang,DONG Yunlong,et al.Protection strategy of current suppression resistor used in MMC-HVDC startup process[J].High Voltage Engineering,2019,45(1):39-45.
[20]陈君,孟彦京,段明亮,等.一种高起动转矩的感应电机起动方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(9):32-39.CHEN Jun,MENG Yanjing,DUAN Mingliang,et al.A starting method of induction motor with high starting torque[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(9):32-39.