水肥一体化减量施肥对芒果产量、品质及肥耗的影响
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摘要
为探究芒果水肥一体化条件下最佳施肥量,在昌江农场以红玉芒为试材,研究了在常规沟施化肥(CK),水肥一体化等量施肥(T1)、减量10%(T2)、减量20%(T3)、减量30%(T4)、减量40%(T5)施肥对芒果产量、品质及肥耗的影响。结果表明,各处理产量之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。与CK相比,T4、T5处理肥料产出率显著提升(P<0.05)。各减量施肥对芒果的生物学性状略有影响,随着施肥量降低,芒果果实横径显著增加;芒果果实果长、果宽及品质无显著差异。对芒果经济性状的分析,各水肥处理的经济效益均高于CK,其中T2处理经济效益最高,达到了324 566.5元/hm~2,较CK增幅达15.23%。通过对果实品质以及产量的主成分评价,果实各指标的主成分打分由高到低排列依次为T3>T4>T2>CK>T5>T1。因此,在水肥一体化条件下,90%常规施肥量经济效益最高;在常规施肥量减少40%的水肥一体化条件下,肥料的产出率最高,肥耗最低且不会降低果实产量和品质;在常规施肥量减少20%水肥一体化条件下,芒果的各项品质指标及产量综合得分最高。
Taking the Hongyu mango variety in Changjiang Farm as the test material,the conventional ditch fertilization(CK),same amount of fertilizer with CK but integrated with water(T1),fertigation with reduction of 10% fertilizer(T2),fertigation with reduction of 20% fertilizer(T3),fertigation with reduction of 30% fertilizer(T4),and fertigation with reduction of 40% fertilizer(T5)were conducted to study the effect of fertilization on the size,yield and quality of mango fruit.The results showed that there was no significant difference among the yields of different treatments(P>0.05).Compared with CK,the fertilizer efficiency of T4 and T5 was significantly increased(P<0.05).The reduction of fertilization had a slight effect on the biological characteristics of mango.With the decrease of fertilizer amount,the cross-stalk of mango fruit increased significantly.There was no significant difference in fruit length,fruit width and quality of mango fruit.For the analysis of economic traits of mango,the economic benefits of fertigation treatments were higher than CK,and the economic benefit of T2 treatment was the highest,reaching 324.566 5 yuan/hm~2,which was 15.23% higher than that of CK. Based on the evaluation of fruit quality and yield by the main components analysis,the main component scores of the fruit indicators ranked from high to low was T3>T4>T2>CK>T5>T1.Therefore,under the fertigation condition,90% of the conventional fertilizer amount had the highest economic benefit;under the fertigation condition with 40% reduction of conventional fertilizer amount,the fertilizer yield was the highest and the fertilizer consumption was the lowest,but the fruit yield and quality were not lowered. Under the fertigation condition with 20% reduction of fertilizer,mango's quality index and yield comprehensive score were the highest.
Taking the Hongyu mango variety in Changjiang Farm as the test material,the conventional ditch fertilization(CK),same amount of fertilizer with CK but integrated with water(T1),fertigation with reduction of 10% fertilizer(T2),fertigation with reduction of 20% fertilizer(T3),fertigation with reduction of 30% fertilizer(T4),and fertigation with reduction of 40% fertilizer(T5)were conducted to study the effect of fertilization on the size,yield and quality of mango fruit.The results showed that there was no significant difference among the yields of different treatments(P>0.05).Compared with CK,the fertilizer efficiency of T4 and T5 was significantly increased(P<0.05).The reduction of fertilization had a slight effect on the biological characteristics of mango.With the decrease of fertilizer amount,the cross-stalk of mango fruit increased significantly.There was no significant difference in fruit length,fruit width and quality of mango fruit.For the analysis of economic traits of mango,the economic benefits of fertigation treatments were higher than CK,and the economic benefit of T2 treatment was the highest,reaching 324.566 5 yuan/hm~2,which was 15.23% higher than that of CK. Based on the evaluation of fruit quality and yield by the main components analysis,the main component scores of the fruit indicators ranked from high to low was T3>T4>T2>CK>T5>T1.Therefore,under the fertigation condition,90% of the conventional fertilizer amount had the highest economic benefit;under the fertigation condition with 40% reduction of conventional fertilizer amount,the fertilizer yield was the highest and the fertilizer consumption was the lowest,but the fruit yield and quality were not lowered. Under the fertigation condition with 20% reduction of fertilizer,mango's quality index and yield comprehensive score were the highest.
引文
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[18]张兰勤,唐新莲,黎晓峰,等.水肥一体化减量施肥对樱桃番茄产质量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(7):1273-1275.
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[21]张学军,赵营,陈晓群,等.滴灌施肥中施氮量对两年蔬菜产量、氮素平衡及土壤硝态氮累计的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,40(11):2535-2545.
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[2]刘国银,魏军亚,刘德兵,等.水分对芒果叶片、产量及品质影响的研究进展[J].热带农业科学,2015,35(10):1-5.
[3]Fereres E,Evans R G. Irrigation of fruit tress and vines:an introduction[J].Irrigation Science,2006,24(2):55-57.
[4]刘永华,沈明霞,蒋小平,等.水肥一体化灌溉施肥机吸肥器优化与性能实验[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(11):76-81.
[5]Kennedy T L,Suddick E C,Six J.Reduced nitrous oxide emissions and increased yields in California tomato cropping system under drip irrigation[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2013,170:16-27.
[6]Fuess L T,Garcia M L.Implications of stillage land disposal:A critical review on the impact of fertigation[J].Journey of Environmental Management,2014,145:210-229.
[7]Ravikumar V,Vijayakumar G,Simunek J,et al.Agricultural evaluation of fertigation scheduling for sugarcane using a vadose zone flow and transport model[J].Agricultural Water Management,2011,98:1431-1440.
[8]Qin W,Heinen M,Assinck F B T,et al.Exploring optimal fertigation strategies for orange production,using soil-crop modeling[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2016,223:31-40.
[9]杜晓东,程玉豆,陈光,等.果树水肥一体化的研究进展[J].河北农业科学,2016,20(2):23-26.
[10]路永莉,白凤华,杨宪龙,等.水肥一体化技术对不同生态区果园苹果生产的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(11):1281-1288.
[11]王立飞,刘水林,李英丽,等.水肥耦合对黄冠梨叶片光合效能及果实品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2015,(17):1-4.
[12]孙晓硕,谢同俊,蔡新华,等.水肥一体化管理对葡萄产量和品质的影响[J].农村科技,2017,(6):22-25.
[13]李全寨.水肥一体化对脐橙发育和品质影响试验的初报[J].农业影响研究与应用,2012,(1):13.
[14]欧阳勤友,陈军,徐社金,等.水肥一体化对‘珍珠’番石榴果实品质的影响[J].中国园艺文摘,2014(10):14.
[15]李晓天,林电,李华东,等.台农芒果叶片氮磷钾养分含量规律研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013,(6):63-68
[16]程宁宁,林电,廖志气,等.海南金煌芒果叶片营养规律研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,(8):305-309.
[17]姚智,白亭玉,林电,等.海南省芒果主产区土壤养分现状与果实矿质养分相关性评价与分析[J].土壤通报,2016,47(6):1410-1415.
[18]张兰勤,唐新莲,黎晓峰,等.水肥一体化减量施肥对樱桃番茄产质量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(7):1273-1275.
[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.359.
[20]张孟妮,毛平平,王丽,等.微喷水肥一体化提高冬小麦产量与品质[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017,(4):86-92.
[21]张学军,赵营,陈晓群,等.滴灌施肥中施氮量对两年蔬菜产量、氮素平衡及土壤硝态氮累计的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,40(11):2535-2545.
[22]杜文波.日光室温番茄应用滴灌水肥一体化技术初探[J].山西农业科学,2009,37(1):60-65.
[23]许恩军,闫鹏,孔晓民,等.大棚蔬菜滴灌施肥技术的效应分析[J].土壤肥料,2004,(2):37-43.
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