大连市某油品码头公司职业病危害因素现状调查
|
摘要
目的了解大连市某油品码头企业在生产过程中的职业病危害因素种类及其危害程度。方法对大连市某油品码头公司作业现场进行调查,对职业病危害因素进行现场采样及测量、实验室分析。结果苯系物(苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯)、戊烷、己烷、汽油、硫化氢和噪声等是该企业主要的职业病危害因素,检测发现,空气中化学有害因素浓度均低于最低检出限,工人接触的每周40 h等效声级强度均低于国家限值85 dB(A),其中消防泵房噪声强度最高,达103 dB(A),3个变电所变电柜处工频电场强度均为0.001 kV/m,远低于国家限值5 k V/m的要求,各工作场所采光照度达315～1 062 lx,均符合国家标准要求。结论大连某油品码头公司生产中存在的化学因素种类虽多,但其浓度极低,正常生产运行过程中发生中毒的可能性较小,职业病危害较重。但大修或清罐作业时属于密闭空间作业,如果防护不当,极易发生急性中毒。
[Objective]To understand the species and extent of the occupational hazard factors existing in production process in an oil terminal company of Dalian City.[Methods] Investigation was carried out on the working site of an oil terminal company in Dalian City, and on-site sampling, measurement and laboratory analysis of occupational hazards were performed.[Results]The main occupational hazard factors in the company included benzene series(benzene, toluene, xylene and ethyl benzene), pentane,hexane, gasolines, hydrogen sulfide and noise. The detection results of all chemical hazard factors were lower than the minimum detection limit. The normalization of equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level to a nominal 40 h working week of workers' exposure were e all less than the national limit of 85 dB(A), and the highest noise intensity was in the fire pump room,reaching 103 dB(A). Power frequency electric field strength in three substations were all 0.001 kV/m and far below national limit of 5 kV/m. The illumination of workplace was 315-1 062 lx, which met the national standard.[Conclusion] Although there are many kinds of chemical factors in the production of this oil terminal enterprise, its concentration is extremely low, so poisoning is less likely to occur during normal production operation, and occupational hazards are serious. However, overhaul or tank cleaning operation are in a closed space and acute poisoning is highly likely to occur if the protection is improper.
[Objective]To understand the species and extent of the occupational hazard factors existing in production process in an oil terminal company of Dalian City.[Methods] Investigation was carried out on the working site of an oil terminal company in Dalian City, and on-site sampling, measurement and laboratory analysis of occupational hazards were performed.[Results]The main occupational hazard factors in the company included benzene series(benzene, toluene, xylene and ethyl benzene), pentane,hexane, gasolines, hydrogen sulfide and noise. The detection results of all chemical hazard factors were lower than the minimum detection limit. The normalization of equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level to a nominal 40 h working week of workers' exposure were e all less than the national limit of 85 dB(A), and the highest noise intensity was in the fire pump room,reaching 103 dB(A). Power frequency electric field strength in three substations were all 0.001 kV/m and far below national limit of 5 kV/m. The illumination of workplace was 315-1 062 lx, which met the national standard.[Conclusion] Although there are many kinds of chemical factors in the production of this oil terminal enterprise, its concentration is extremely low, so poisoning is less likely to occur during normal production operation, and occupational hazards are serious. However, overhaul or tank cleaning operation are in a closed space and acute poisoning is highly likely to occur if the protection is improper.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值化学危害因素:GBZ 2.1-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007.
[2]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值物理因素:GBZ 2.2-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007.
[3]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范:GBZ 159-2004[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004.
[4]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气有毒物质测定系列标准:GBZ/T 160-2004[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004.
[5]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气有毒物质测定系列标准:GBZ/T 300-2017[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2017.
[6]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所物理因素测量系列标准GBZ/T189-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007.
[7]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.建筑采光设计标准:GB 50033-2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
[8]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.建筑照明设计标准:GB 50034-2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.
[9]张高峰,李万年,李铭,等.山东省龙口港某油品罐组项目职业病危害控制效果评价[J],职业与健康,2017,33(22):3029-3033.
[10]闫庆倩,张荣,宋伟,等.某石化公司油品储运项目职业病危害现状评价[J],职业卫生与应急救援,2015,4,33(2):127-128.
[11]邹华,栾俞清,周莉芳,等.油品码头职业病危害工程防护措施分析及风险评估[J],浙江预防医学,2014,26(9):884-887,892.
[12]李旭东,邹剑明,苏世标,等.储运码头职业病危害关键控制点及防控措施分析[J],中国职业医学,2013,40(2):131-134.
[13]中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会常务委员会.中华人民共和国职业病防治法[S].北京:法律出版社,2017:5-15.
[14]中华人民共和国卫生部.工业企业设计卫生标准:GBZ 1-2010[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2010.
[15]中华人民共和国卫生部.密闭空间作业职业危害防护规范:GBZ/T205-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.
[16]黄慧隆,李谊,邱永祥,等.油品码头职业危害特点及应急救援要点分析[J],职业卫生与应急救援,2014,32(3):178-179.
[2]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值物理因素:GBZ 2.2-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007.
[3]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范:GBZ 159-2004[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004.
[4]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气有毒物质测定系列标准:GBZ/T 160-2004[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004.
[5]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气有毒物质测定系列标准:GBZ/T 300-2017[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2017.
[6]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所物理因素测量系列标准GBZ/T189-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007.
[7]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.建筑采光设计标准:GB 50033-2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
[8]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.建筑照明设计标准:GB 50034-2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.
[9]张高峰,李万年,李铭,等.山东省龙口港某油品罐组项目职业病危害控制效果评价[J],职业与健康,2017,33(22):3029-3033.
[10]闫庆倩,张荣,宋伟,等.某石化公司油品储运项目职业病危害现状评价[J],职业卫生与应急救援,2015,4,33(2):127-128.
[11]邹华,栾俞清,周莉芳,等.油品码头职业病危害工程防护措施分析及风险评估[J],浙江预防医学,2014,26(9):884-887,892.
[12]李旭东,邹剑明,苏世标,等.储运码头职业病危害关键控制点及防控措施分析[J],中国职业医学,2013,40(2):131-134.
[13]中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会常务委员会.中华人民共和国职业病防治法[S].北京:法律出版社,2017:5-15.
[14]中华人民共和国卫生部.工业企业设计卫生标准:GBZ 1-2010[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2010.
[15]中华人民共和国卫生部.密闭空间作业职业危害防护规范:GBZ/T205-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.
[16]黄慧隆,李谊,邱永祥,等.油品码头职业危害特点及应急救援要点分析[J],职业卫生与应急救援,2014,32(3):178-179.