基于语料库高中生英语书面语口语化特征研究
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摘要
基于包含2900余篇中国高中生同题英语作文的小型自建语料库,本文考察了高中生英语书面语中第一人称代词、第二人称代词、情态动词、缩略式、模糊词和强调小品词等六类口语化特征指标的使用规律。通过对比中国高中生与英国高中生的英语书面语,本文发现,中国高中生英语书面语中第一人称代词、第二人称代词、缩略式和情态动词等口语化特征的使用更为频繁。通过对比中国各年级高中生的英语书面语,本文发现,随着年级的增长,高三年级学生在英语书面语中口语化特征的使用比高一和高二阶段的学生显著减少。
Based on the self-built corpus which contains more than 2900 English texts written by Chinese senior high students, this article examines the use of six indicators for colloquial features in written English, namely the first person pronouns, second person pronouns, modal verbs, abbreviations, fuzzy words and emphatic particles. A comparison between the use of above-mentioned colloquial features in texts written by native English-speaking students and Chinese EFL students in senior high schools shows that Chinese students employ more first person singular pronouns, second person pronouns, abbreviations and modal verbs than their English counterparts do. A between-grades comparison among Chinese EFL students in senior high schools reveals that as grade level increases, there is a significant decline in the use of colloquial features, particularly in written English by students in Grade Three compared with those in Grade Two and Grade One.
Based on the self-built corpus which contains more than 2900 English texts written by Chinese senior high students, this article examines the use of six indicators for colloquial features in written English, namely the first person pronouns, second person pronouns, modal verbs, abbreviations, fuzzy words and emphatic particles. A comparison between the use of above-mentioned colloquial features in texts written by native English-speaking students and Chinese EFL students in senior high schools shows that Chinese students employ more first person singular pronouns, second person pronouns, abbreviations and modal verbs than their English counterparts do. A between-grades comparison among Chinese EFL students in senior high schools reveals that as grade level increases, there is a significant decline in the use of colloquial features, particularly in written English by students in Grade Three compared with those in Grade Two and Grade One.
引文
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Biber,D.1988.Variation across Speech and Writing[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Chafe,W.L.1982.Integration and involvement in speaking,writing,and oral literature[J].Spoken and Written Language:Exploring Orality and Literacy,35-54
Cobb,T.2003.Analyzing late inter-language with learner corpora:Quebec replications of three European studies[J].Canadian Modern Language Review,59(3):393-423
Hickey,R.2014.A Dictionary of Varieties of English[M].Hoboken:Wiley-Blackwell.
Huang,G.W.&G.Mohsen.2006.Functional Discourse Analysis[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Krauthamer,H.S.1999.Spoken Language Interference Patterns in Written English[M].New York:Peter Lang.
Leech,G.&J.Svartvik.1975.A Communicative Grammar of English[M].London:Longman.
Petch-Tyson,S.1998.Writer/reader visibility in EFL written discourse[A].In S.Granger(Ed.).Learner English on Computer[C].London&New York:Longman,107-118
段士平.2011.基于语料库的英语学习者写作词块特征研究[J].郑州航空工业管理学院学报(社会科学版),30(1):116-118
刘爱军,张会平.2008.基于语料库的输出假设研究--英语存在句缩略式的使用特征分析[J].四川外语学院学报,24(6):66-70
刘兴兵.2005.中国大学英语学习者英语书面语中的口语化倾向[J].理工高教研究,(1):109-112
龙绍赟,付贺宾,陈天真,等.2016.专业学生议论文中情态动词的使用特征[J].外语学刊,(1):124-131
马刚,吕晓娟.2007.基于中国学习者英语语料库的情态动词研究[J].外语电化教学,(3):17-21
马广惠.2004.英语口语体的语言特征分析--基于口语语料的研究[J].外语与外语教学,(10):1-3,14
文秋芳.2006.英语专业学生使用口语-笔语词汇的差异[J].外语与外语教学,(7):9-13
文秋芳.2009.学习者英语语体特征变化的研究[J].外国语(上海外国语大学学报),32(4):2-10
文秋芳,丁言仁,王文宇.2003.中国大学生英语书面语中的口语化倾向--高水平英语学习者语料对比分析[J].外语教学与研究,(4):268-274
赵小东,尚晓华.2012.从人称代词角度考察大学生作文的口语化表现[J].外语学刊,(6):119-123
朱晔,苏殷旦.2013.中国大学生英语论说文中人称代词的使用--语言水平与文本话题的交互影响[J].解放军外国语学院学报,36(3):52-56
Biber,D.1988.Variation across Speech and Writing[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Chafe,W.L.1982.Integration and involvement in speaking,writing,and oral literature[J].Spoken and Written Language:Exploring Orality and Literacy,35-54
Cobb,T.2003.Analyzing late inter-language with learner corpora:Quebec replications of three European studies[J].Canadian Modern Language Review,59(3):393-423
Hickey,R.2014.A Dictionary of Varieties of English[M].Hoboken:Wiley-Blackwell.
Huang,G.W.&G.Mohsen.2006.Functional Discourse Analysis[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Krauthamer,H.S.1999.Spoken Language Interference Patterns in Written English[M].New York:Peter Lang.
Leech,G.&J.Svartvik.1975.A Communicative Grammar of English[M].London:Longman.
Petch-Tyson,S.1998.Writer/reader visibility in EFL written discourse[A].In S.Granger(Ed.).Learner English on Computer[C].London&New York:Longman,107-118
段士平.2011.基于语料库的英语学习者写作词块特征研究[J].郑州航空工业管理学院学报(社会科学版),30(1):116-118
刘爱军,张会平.2008.基于语料库的输出假设研究--英语存在句缩略式的使用特征分析[J].四川外语学院学报,24(6):66-70
刘兴兵.2005.中国大学英语学习者英语书面语中的口语化倾向[J].理工高教研究,(1):109-112
龙绍赟,付贺宾,陈天真,等.2016.专业学生议论文中情态动词的使用特征[J].外语学刊,(1):124-131
马刚,吕晓娟.2007.基于中国学习者英语语料库的情态动词研究[J].外语电化教学,(3):17-21
马广惠.2004.英语口语体的语言特征分析--基于口语语料的研究[J].外语与外语教学,(10):1-3,14
文秋芳.2006.英语专业学生使用口语-笔语词汇的差异[J].外语与外语教学,(7):9-13
文秋芳.2009.学习者英语语体特征变化的研究[J].外国语(上海外国语大学学报),32(4):2-10
文秋芳,丁言仁,王文宇.2003.中国大学生英语书面语中的口语化倾向--高水平英语学习者语料对比分析[J].外语教学与研究,(4):268-274
赵小东,尚晓华.2012.从人称代词角度考察大学生作文的口语化表现[J].外语学刊,(6):119-123
朱晔,苏殷旦.2013.中国大学生英语论说文中人称代词的使用--语言水平与文本话题的交互影响[J].解放军外国语学院学报,36(3):52-56