内蒙古地区生态草牧业政策梳理与评估——基于社会网络分析方法
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摘要
"草牧业"概念首现于2015年中央"一号文件",加快发展"草牧业"是实现我国草地资源可持续利用的有效途径。随着各级政府相关政策的出台,对政策落实情况、实施效果进行评估具有重要的学术价值与现实意义。基于社会网络分析方法,通过绘制草牧业社会网络图,并结合草牧业内涵,从草地生态、生产功能两个方面对政策实施效果进行评估。研究发现,保护草原生态、提高人民生活水平是草原工作的核心,"粮改饲"试点工程等方面虽然取得了一定的成效,但也存在草牧业发展缺乏产业链总体设计、土地流转成本高、科学技术水平薄弱、支撑力度小等问题。通过辨识政策缺口,为后续政策调整及制定提供科技支持。
The concept of"grassland livestock husbandry" was first proposed in the central No. 1 document in 2015. Accelerating the development of"grassland livestock husbandry" was an effective way to realize the sustainable utilization of grassland resources in China. With the introduction of relevant policies by governments among all levels,it was of great academic and practical significance to evaluate the implementation and effect of policies. Based on the analysis method of Social Network Analysis,this paper evaluated the effect of policy implementation from two aspects of grassland ecology and production function by drawing the social network diagram of grassland livestock husbandry and combining the connotation of grass animal husbandry. The results showed that protecting grassland ecology and improving people's living standards were the core of grassland work,and the pilot project of"grain to feed" achieved some results,but there were also problems such as lack of overall design of industrial chain,high land transfer cost,weak science and technology,and small support strength. By identifying policy gaps,It was to provide scientific and technological support for subsequent policy adjustment and formulation.
The concept of"grassland livestock husbandry" was first proposed in the central No. 1 document in 2015. Accelerating the development of"grassland livestock husbandry" was an effective way to realize the sustainable utilization of grassland resources in China. With the introduction of relevant policies by governments among all levels,it was of great academic and practical significance to evaluate the implementation and effect of policies. Based on the analysis method of Social Network Analysis,this paper evaluated the effect of policy implementation from two aspects of grassland ecology and production function by drawing the social network diagram of grassland livestock husbandry and combining the connotation of grass animal husbandry. The results showed that protecting grassland ecology and improving people's living standards were the core of grassland work,and the pilot project of"grain to feed" achieved some results,but there were also problems such as lack of overall design of industrial chain,high land transfer cost,weak science and technology,and small support strength. By identifying policy gaps,It was to provide scientific and technological support for subsequent policy adjustment and formulation.
引文
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[27]张建同,方陈承,何芳.上海市房地产限购限贷政策评估:基于断点回归设计的研究[J].科学决策,2015,(7)∶1-23.
[28]曲婉,冯海红,侯沁江.创新政策评估方法及应用研究:以高新技术企业税收优惠政策为例[J].科研管理,2017,38(1)∶1-11.
[29]张炜,费小燕,肖云,等.基于多维度评价模型的区域创新政策评估———以江浙沪三省为例[J].科研管理,2016,37(S1)∶614-622.
[30]方精云,潘庆民,高树琴,等.“以小保大”原理:用小面积人工草地建设换取大面积天然草地的保护与修复[J].草业科学,2016,33(10)∶1913-1916.
[31]杜华东,赵尚梅.中国产业结构变迁的实证研究———基于社会网络分析法的分析[J].管理评论,2013,25(3)∶38-47,90.
[32]柳卸林.技术创新经济学[M].北京:中国经济出版社,1993.
[2]缪冬梅,刘源. 2012年全国草原监测报告[J].中国畜牧业,2013,(8)∶14-29.
[3]白永飞,潘庆民,邢旗.草地生产与生态功能合理配置的理论基础与关键技术[J].科学通报,2016,61(2)∶201-212.
[4]侯扶江,宁娇,冯琦胜.草原放牧系统的类型与生产力[J].草业科学,2016,33(3)∶353-367.
[5]赵颖,赵珩,Peter Ho.产权视角下的草原家庭承包制[J].草业科学,2017,34(3)∶635-643.
[6]杨旭东,杨春,孟志兴.我国草原生态保护现状、存在问题及建议[J].草业科学,2016,33(9)∶1901-1909.
[7]沈海花,朱言坤,赵霞,等.中国草地资源的现状分析[J].科学通报,2016,61(2)∶139-154.
[8]赵哲,陈建成,白羽萍,等.二氧化碳排放与经济增长关系的实证分析[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(7)∶2785-2793.
[9]Zhao Z,Wang G,Chen J,et al. Assessment of Climate Change Adaptation Measures on the Income of Herders in a Pastoral Region[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,(10).
[10]邢文渊,李大平,王蕾,等.巴里坤草原面积动态及其气象因素分析[J].草业科学,2014,31(3)∶408-414.
[11]侯向阳.发展草原生态畜牧业是解决草原退化困境的有效途径[J].中国草地学报,2010,32(4)∶1-9.
[12]马林.草原生态保护红线划定的基本思路与政策建议[J].草地学报,2014,22(2)∶229-233.
[13]中华人民共和国农业部.中国草原发展报告2011[J].北京:中国农业出版社,2013.
[14]方精云.我国草原牧区呼唤新的草业发展模式[J].科学通报,2016,61(2)∶137-138.
[15]任继周.我对“草牧业”一词的初步理解[J].草业科学,2015,32(5)∶710.
[16]方精云,李凌浩,蒋高明,等.如何理解“草牧业”?[J].环境经济,2015,(18)∶29.
[17]戚氵勇,王静.江苏省大众创新创业政策评估[J].科技管理研究,2017,37(1)∶75-81.
[18]徐双敏.政府绩效管理中的“第三方评估”模式及其完善[J].中国行政管理,2011,(1)∶28-32.
[19]赵莉晓.创新政策评估理论方法研究———基于公共政策评估逻辑框架的视角[J].科学学研究,2014,32(2)∶195-202.
[20]包国宪,周云飞.中国政府绩效评价:回顾与展望[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2010,31(7)∶105-111.
[21]Vedung E. Public Policy and Program Evaluation[M]. New Brunswick(USA)and London(UK):Transaction Publishers,1997.
[22]Patton C V,Sawicki D S. Basic Methods of Policy Analysis and Planning(3rd Edition)[M]. Pearson,2012.
[23]陈庆云.公共政策分析[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2006.
[24]王再进,方衍,田德录.国家中长期科技规划纲要配套政策评估指标体系研究[J].中国科技论坛,2011,(9)∶5-10.
[25]周建国.公共政策评估多元模式的困境及其解决的哲学思考[J].中国行政管理,2012,(2)∶41-44.
[26]薛二勇,李廷洲.义务教育师资城乡均衡配置政策评估[J].教育研究,2015,36(8)∶65-73.
[27]张建同,方陈承,何芳.上海市房地产限购限贷政策评估:基于断点回归设计的研究[J].科学决策,2015,(7)∶1-23.
[28]曲婉,冯海红,侯沁江.创新政策评估方法及应用研究:以高新技术企业税收优惠政策为例[J].科研管理,2017,38(1)∶1-11.
[29]张炜,费小燕,肖云,等.基于多维度评价模型的区域创新政策评估———以江浙沪三省为例[J].科研管理,2016,37(S1)∶614-622.
[30]方精云,潘庆民,高树琴,等.“以小保大”原理:用小面积人工草地建设换取大面积天然草地的保护与修复[J].草业科学,2016,33(10)∶1913-1916.
[31]杜华东,赵尚梅.中国产业结构变迁的实证研究———基于社会网络分析法的分析[J].管理评论,2013,25(3)∶38-47,90.
[32]柳卸林.技术创新经济学[M].北京:中国经济出版社,1993.