基于Hotelling模型的充电服务费双寡头联盟定价方法
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摘要
为了减少电动汽车充电负荷大规模接入对电网安全稳定运行的负面影响,针对含有多主体运营商充电站的充电市场竞争定价问题,提出了基于Hotelling模型的充电服务费双寡头联盟定价方法。首先,分析了多元充电市场中电网公司、充电站运营商和电动汽车用户各自的利益追求。其次,利用Hotelling模型刻画了充电需求受价格引导的分布特性,设计了多元活性充电市场中的充电站运营商充电服务费定价方案。最后,通过仿真算例分析,验证了所提充电服务费双寡头联盟定价方法的有效性。
In order to reduce the negative impact of large-scale access of electric vehicle charging load on the safe and stable operation of the power grid, a Hotelling model based duopoly alliance pricing method for charging service fee is proposed to solve the problem of charging market competition pricing with multi-agent operator charging stations. Firstly, the respective interests of power grid companies, charging station operators and electric vehicle users in the multi-charge market are analyzed. Secondly, the Hotelling model is used to describe the distribution characteristics of charging demand guided by price, and a charging station operator charging service fee pricing scheme in the multi-active charging market is designed. Finally, the validity of the proposed pricing method for charging service fee duopoly alliance is verified by simulation analysis.
In order to reduce the negative impact of large-scale access of electric vehicle charging load on the safe and stable operation of the power grid, a Hotelling model based duopoly alliance pricing method for charging service fee is proposed to solve the problem of charging market competition pricing with multi-agent operator charging stations. Firstly, the respective interests of power grid companies, charging station operators and electric vehicle users in the multi-charge market are analyzed. Secondly, the Hotelling model is used to describe the distribution characteristics of charging demand guided by price, and a charging station operator charging service fee pricing scheme in the multi-active charging market is designed. Finally, the validity of the proposed pricing method for charging service fee duopoly alliance is verified by simulation analysis.
引文
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[19]许庆强,寇英刚,马建伟,等.电动汽车充换电设施典型设计方案研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(13):118-124.XU Qingqiang,KOU Yinggang,MA Jianwei,et al.Research on typical design scheme of charging/battery swap infrastructure for electric vehicle[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(13):118-124.
[20]CHUANG A S,WU F,VARAIYA P.A game-theoretic model for generation expansion planning:problem formulation and numerical comparisons[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2001,16(4):885-891.
[21]王树东,杜巍,林莉,等.基于合作博弈的需求侧响应下光储微电网优化配置[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(1):129-137.WANG Shudong,DU Wei,LIN Li,et al.Optimal allocation of photovoltaic energy storage microgrid under the demand side response based on cooperative game[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(1):129-137.
[22]周兴华,杜松怀.双边交易电力市场下基于核仁理论的网损分摊方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(1):63-68.ZHOU Xinghua,DU Songhuai.A novel nucleolus theory based allocation method of power losses in bilateral electricity markets[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(1):63-68.
[23]尚星宇,何永君,王瑞,等.基于数据拟合的汽轮机调节阀流量特性优化[J].热力发电,2017,46(3):121-125.SHANG Xingyu,HE Yongjun,WANG Rui,et al.Flow characteristics optimization for steam turbine valves based on data fitting[J].Thermal Power Generation,2017,46(3):121-125.
[2]马玲玲,杨军,付聪,等.电动汽车充放电对电网影响研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(3):140-148.MA Lingling,YANG Jun,FU Cong,et al.Review on impact of electric car charging and discharging on power grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(3):140-148.
[3]卢强,陈来军,梅生伟.博弈论在电力系统中典型应用及若干展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):5009-5017.LU Qiang,CHEN Laijun,MEI Shengwei.Typical applications and prospects of game theory in power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):5009-5017.
[4]BITAR E,XU Y.Deadline differentiated pricing of deferrable electric loads[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2017,8(1):13-25.
[5]LI H,ESEYE A T,ZHANG J,et al.Optimal energy management for industrial microgrids with highpenetration renewables[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2017,2(2):122-135.DOI:10.1186/s41601-017-0040-6.
[5]CHEKIRED D A,KHOUKHI L,MOUFTAH H T.Decentralized cloud-SDN architecture in smart grid:a dynamic pricing model[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2018,14(3):1220-1231.
[6]CHEN Q,WANG F,HODGE B,et al.Dynamic price vector formation model-based automatic demand response strategy for PV-assisted EV charging stations[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2017,8(6):2903-2915.
[7]IBARS C,NAVARRO M,GIUPPONI L.Distributed demand management in smart grid with a congestion game[C]//IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications,IEEE,2010:495-500.
[8]ZHU Q,BASAR T.A multi-resolution large population game framework for smart grid demand response management[C]//2011 5th International Conference on Network Games,Control and Optimization(NetGCooP),IEEE,October 12-14,2011,Paris,France:1-8.
[9]ROOZBEHANI M,DAHLEH M,MITTER S.Dynamic pricing and stabilization of supply and demand in modern electric power grids[C]//First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications,IEEE,October4-6,2010,Gaithersburg,MD,USA:543-548.
[10]CARON S,KESIDIS G.Incentive-based energy consumption scheduling algorithms for the smart grid[C]//First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications,IEEE,October 4-6,2010,Gaithersburg,MD,USA:391-396.
[11]刘连光,潘明明,田世明,等.考虑源网荷多元主体的售电竞争非合作博弈方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(6):1618-1626.LIU Lianguang,PAN Mingming,TIAN Shiming,et al.Anon-cooperative game analysis of an competitive electricity retail considering multiple subjects of source-grid-load[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(6):1618-1626.
[12]曾博,欧阳邵杰,张建华,等.考虑复杂预想场景下光伏高效利用的微电网综合规划[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4259-4269.ZENG Bo,OUYANG Shaojie,ZHANG Jianhua,et al.Integrated planning of micro-grid for efficient utilization of photovoltaic generation considering complicated operation scenarios[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4259-4269.
[13]LI H,ESEYE A T,ZHANG J H,et al.Optimal energy management for industrial microgrids with highpenetration renewables[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2017,2(2):122-135.DOI:10.1186/s41601-017-0040-6.
[14]赵敏,沈沉,刘锋,等.基于博弈论的多微电网系统交易模式研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(4):848-857.ZHAO Min,SHEN Chen,LIU Feng,et al.A gametheoretic approach to analyzing power trading possibilities in multi-microgrids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(4):848-857.
[15]宋巍,王佳伟,赵海波,等.考虑需求响应交易市场的虚拟电厂多阶段竞价策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(19):1-10.SONG Wei,WANG Jiawei,ZHAO Haibo,et al.Research on multi-stage bidding strategy of virtual power plant considering demand response market[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(19):1-10.
[16]梅生伟,王莹莹,刘锋.风-光-储混合电力系统的博弈论规划模型与分析[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(20):13-19.MEI Shengwei,WANG Yingying,LIU Feng.A game theory based planning model and analysis for hybrid power system with wind generators-photovoltaic panelsstorage batteries[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(20):13-19.
[17]韩笑,周明,李庚银.基于无迹变换随机潮流建模的主动配电网优化调度[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(3):9-17.HAN Xiao,ZHOU Ming,LI Gengyin.Stochastic optimal dispatching of active distribution networks based on stochastic power flow modeling using unscented transformation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(3):9-17.
[18]刘辉,魏岩岩,汪旎,等.电动汽车入网一次调频控制策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(23):90-95.LIU Hui,WEI Yanyan,WANG Ni,et al.V2G control for EVs participating in primary frequency regulation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(23):90-95.
[19]许庆强,寇英刚,马建伟,等.电动汽车充换电设施典型设计方案研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(13):118-124.XU Qingqiang,KOU Yinggang,MA Jianwei,et al.Research on typical design scheme of charging/battery swap infrastructure for electric vehicle[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(13):118-124.
[20]CHUANG A S,WU F,VARAIYA P.A game-theoretic model for generation expansion planning:problem formulation and numerical comparisons[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2001,16(4):885-891.
[21]王树东,杜巍,林莉,等.基于合作博弈的需求侧响应下光储微电网优化配置[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(1):129-137.WANG Shudong,DU Wei,LIN Li,et al.Optimal allocation of photovoltaic energy storage microgrid under the demand side response based on cooperative game[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(1):129-137.
[22]周兴华,杜松怀.双边交易电力市场下基于核仁理论的网损分摊方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(1):63-68.ZHOU Xinghua,DU Songhuai.A novel nucleolus theory based allocation method of power losses in bilateral electricity markets[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(1):63-68.
[23]尚星宇,何永君,王瑞,等.基于数据拟合的汽轮机调节阀流量特性优化[J].热力发电,2017,46(3):121-125.SHANG Xingyu,HE Yongjun,WANG Rui,et al.Flow characteristics optimization for steam turbine valves based on data fitting[J].Thermal Power Generation,2017,46(3):121-125.