液压支架换向阀的液动力计算方法及其应用
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摘要
液动力计算模型是液压阀建模和特性分析的基础和前提,液压支架用换向阀流道复杂,其液动力的分析计算与常规液压阀不同,且这种复杂流道下的液动力大小不易通过试验测试得到,计算模型也无法得到较好的验证。为解决这个问题,建立了液压支架用换向阀的复杂流道模型,利用2个控制体将流道划分为两部分,采用理论计算与流场仿真的方法分别研究阀口处和阀芯折弯流道处的液动力,并根据流场分布特征对传统液动力计算公式进行修正,得到了相应的修正系数;而在液动力的验证方法上,不采用传统的直接测试法,而是分别将修正前和修正后的液动力计算公式/min的换向阀数学建模中,通过对比2种情况下换向阀动态特性的仿真结果与试验结果,间接验证液动力修正模型的准确性,避免了直接测试法在应对复杂流道问题时的不足。2种情况下的动态特性仿真与试验结果对比显示,采用修正后的模型进行仿真得到的动态特性与试验所得数据非常接近,而用未经修正的传统计算模型得到的仿真结果与试验结果存在较大的误差,此结果说明了液动力修正模型的准确性,同时验证了复杂流道液压阀的液动力计算方法与试验方法的合理性。本文在液动力的理论分析与试验验证两方面均有不同,并结合工程实际对所用方法进行了验证,提供了面对复杂流道液动力的解决办法。
The calculation model of the flow force is the basis of modeling and dynamic analysis of a hydraulic valve.However,the flow passage of the directional valve used on the hydraulic roof support is complex,so the calculation method of the flow force is different from that of the conventional valves,and it is difficult to verify the flow force model through the direct test of flow force under such conditions. In order to solve this problem,the complex flow passage model was established,and two control volumes were used to divide the model into two parts. The combination of theoretical calculation and flow simulation was used to study the flow force at the valve port and that at the turning channel. The flow force calculation formula was modified according to the distribution characteristics of the flow field and the corresponding modified factors were obtained. On the verification method of the flow force,the indirect method which tests the dynamic characteristics of the valve was used instead of the conventional direct method which focuses on the direct test of flow forces. When the 1 000 L the modified formula and the unmodified model of the flow force were applied to its mathematical model. The effects of the modified model and the unmodified model on the valve dynamic characteristics were compared through the combination of simulations and experiments so as to verify the accuracy of the modified model. The new method avoids the shortcomings of the direct method in dealing with complex flow passage model. The comparison between the simulations and the experiments in the two cases shows that the simulation dynamic characteristics of the valve using the modified formula are close to the experimental results while there is great difference in the other cases. Results illustrates the accuracy of the modified flow force model,and verifies the rationality of the calculation and tests methods of the flow force for the valve with complex flow passages. The methods of theoretical analysis and experimental verification are all different from others,and they are verified in the practical engineering application. It provides solutions for the flow force of hydraulic valve with complex passages.
The calculation model of the flow force is the basis of modeling and dynamic analysis of a hydraulic valve.However,the flow passage of the directional valve used on the hydraulic roof support is complex,so the calculation method of the flow force is different from that of the conventional valves,and it is difficult to verify the flow force model through the direct test of flow force under such conditions. In order to solve this problem,the complex flow passage model was established,and two control volumes were used to divide the model into two parts. The combination of theoretical calculation and flow simulation was used to study the flow force at the valve port and that at the turning channel. The flow force calculation formula was modified according to the distribution characteristics of the flow field and the corresponding modified factors were obtained. On the verification method of the flow force,the indirect method which tests the dynamic characteristics of the valve was used instead of the conventional direct method which focuses on the direct test of flow forces. When the 1 000 L the modified formula and the unmodified model of the flow force were applied to its mathematical model. The effects of the modified model and the unmodified model on the valve dynamic characteristics were compared through the combination of simulations and experiments so as to verify the accuracy of the modified model. The new method avoids the shortcomings of the direct method in dealing with complex flow passage model. The comparison between the simulations and the experiments in the two cases shows that the simulation dynamic characteristics of the valve using the modified formula are close to the experimental results while there is great difference in the other cases. Results illustrates the accuracy of the modified flow force model,and verifies the rationality of the calculation and tests methods of the flow force for the valve with complex flow passages. The methods of theoretical analysis and experimental verification are all different from others,and they are verified in the practical engineering application. It provides solutions for the flow force of hydraulic valve with complex passages.
引文
[1]王国法,庞义辉,任怀伟,等.煤炭安全高效综采理论、技术与装备的创新和实践[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(4):903-913.WANG Guofa,PANG Yihui,REN Huaiwei,et al.Coal safe and efficient mining theory,technology and equipment innovation practice[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(4):903-913.
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[7]曹秉刚,史维祥,葛思华.两通锥阀稳态液动力的探讨[J].液压工业,1983(3):12-17.CAO Binggang,SHI Weixiang,GE Sihua.The study on the steady flow force of the two stage poppet valve[J].Hydraulics Pneumatics&Seals,1983(3):12-17.
[8]黄振德,边耀刚.内流式圆锥阀轴向液压推力的研究[J].农业机械学报,1984(4):64-71.HUANG Zhende,BIAN Yaogang.Study on flow forces acting on hydraulic poppet valves(convergence flow)[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1984(4):64-71.
[9]延皓,康硕,宋佳,等.基于仿真离散数据的偏转板射流式伺服阀液动力计算方法研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(12):181-191.YAN Hao,KANG Shuo,SONG Jia,et al.Research on the calculation methods of fluid force at prestage of jet deflector servo valve based on the simulated discrete data[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(12):181-191.
[10]延皓,康硕,王凤聚,等.偏转板射流式伺服阀前置级液动力计算方法研究[J].兵工学报,2016,37(7):1258-1265.YAN Hao,KANG Shuo,WANG Fengjü,et al.Research on the calculation methods of fluid force in pilot stage of jet deflector servo valve[J].ACTA Armamentarii,2016,37(7):1258-1265.
[11]王建森,刘耀林,冀宏,等.非全周开口滑阀运动过程液动力数值计算[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2016,50(10):1922-1926,1972.WANG Jiansen,LIU Yaolin,JI Hong,et al.Transient simulation on flow force of non-circular opening spool valve[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2016,50(10):1922-1926,1972.
[12]AMIRANTE R,VESCOVO G Del,LIPPOLIS A.Flow forces analysis of an open center hydraulic directional control valve sliding spool[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2006,47(1):114-131.
[13]AMIRANTE R,CATALANO L A,TAMBURRANO P.The importance of a full 3D fluid dynamic analysis to evaluate the flow forces in a hydraulic directional proportional valve[J].Engineering Computations,2014,31(5):898-922.
[14]LISOWSKI E,CZYZYCKI W,RAJDA J.Three dimensional CFD analysis and experimental test of flow force acting on the spool of solenoid operated directional control valve[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2013,70:220-229.
[15]LISOWSKI E,FILO G,RAJDA J.Analysis of flow florces in the initial phase of throttle gap opening in a proportional control valve[J].Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2018,59(3):157-167.
[16]LI Baoren,GAO Longlong,YANG Gang.Evaluation and compensation of steady flow force on the high-pressure electro-pneumatic servo valve direct-driven by voice coil motor[J].Energy Convention and Management,2013,67:92-102.
[17]LIAO Yaoyao,YUAN Hongbing,LIAN Zisheng,et al.Research and analysis of the hysteresis characteristics of a large flow directional valve[J].Strojniski Vestnik-Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,61(6):355-364.
[18]GAO Haiping,LI Baoren,YANG Gang.Study on the influence of flow force on a large flowrate directional control valve[A].6th IF-AC Symposium on Mechatronic Systems[C].Hangzhou,2013.
[19]CHEN Qianpeng,JI Hong,ZHU Yi,et al.Proposal for optimization of spool valve flow force based on the matlab-amesim-fluent joint simulation method[J].IEEE Access,2018,6(6):33148-33158.
[20]弓永军,王祖温,徐杰,等.先导式纯水溢流阀仿真与试验研究[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(24):136-142.GONG Yongjun,WANG Zuwen,XU Jie,et al.Simulation and experiments study on water hydraulic pressure relief valve with pilot stage[J].Journal of Mechnical Engineering,2010,46(24):136-142.
[21]张增猛,孟繁毅,侯交义,等.音圈电机直驱水液压节流控制阀仿真与试验[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(S1):275-281.ZHANG Zengmeng,MENG Fanyi,HOU Jiaoyi,et al.Simulation and experiments of water hydraulic throttle valve with direct voice coil motor actuation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(S1):275-281.
[2]HARGRAVE Chad O,JAMES Craig A,RALSTON Jonathon C.Infrastructure-based localization of automated coal mining equipment[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2017,4(3):252-261.
[3]韩明兴,刘银水,吴德发,等.基于液动力的水压插装阀阀口优化仿真研究[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(3):65-68.HAN Mingxing,LIU Yinshui,WU Defa,et al.Flow force reduction in large flow cartridge valve by optimizing geometric parameters of orifice[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2018,46(3):65-68.
[4]ZHANG Junhui,WANG Di,XU Bing,et al.Experimental and numerical investigation of flow forces in a seat valve using a damping sleeve with orifices[J].Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics&Engineering),2018,19(6):417-430.
[5]曹秉刚,史维祥,中野和夫.内流式锥阀液动力的理论探讨[J].西安交通大学学报,1995,29(7):1-6.CAO Binggang,SHI Weixiang,KAZUO Nakano.Theoretical application on the flow force of a converged flow poppet valve[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,1995,29(7):1-6.
[6]曹秉刚,史维祥,中野和夫.内流式锥阀液动力及阀芯锥面压强分布的试验研究[J].西安交通大学学报,1995,29(7):7-13.CAO Binggang,SHI Weixiang,KAZUO Nakano.Experimental study on flow force and pressure distribution on the poppet of a converged flow poppet valve[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,1995,29(7):7-13.
[7]曹秉刚,史维祥,葛思华.两通锥阀稳态液动力的探讨[J].液压工业,1983(3):12-17.CAO Binggang,SHI Weixiang,GE Sihua.The study on the steady flow force of the two stage poppet valve[J].Hydraulics Pneumatics&Seals,1983(3):12-17.
[8]黄振德,边耀刚.内流式圆锥阀轴向液压推力的研究[J].农业机械学报,1984(4):64-71.HUANG Zhende,BIAN Yaogang.Study on flow forces acting on hydraulic poppet valves(convergence flow)[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1984(4):64-71.
[9]延皓,康硕,宋佳,等.基于仿真离散数据的偏转板射流式伺服阀液动力计算方法研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(12):181-191.YAN Hao,KANG Shuo,SONG Jia,et al.Research on the calculation methods of fluid force at prestage of jet deflector servo valve based on the simulated discrete data[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(12):181-191.
[10]延皓,康硕,王凤聚,等.偏转板射流式伺服阀前置级液动力计算方法研究[J].兵工学报,2016,37(7):1258-1265.YAN Hao,KANG Shuo,WANG Fengjü,et al.Research on the calculation methods of fluid force in pilot stage of jet deflector servo valve[J].ACTA Armamentarii,2016,37(7):1258-1265.
[11]王建森,刘耀林,冀宏,等.非全周开口滑阀运动过程液动力数值计算[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2016,50(10):1922-1926,1972.WANG Jiansen,LIU Yaolin,JI Hong,et al.Transient simulation on flow force of non-circular opening spool valve[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2016,50(10):1922-1926,1972.
[12]AMIRANTE R,VESCOVO G Del,LIPPOLIS A.Flow forces analysis of an open center hydraulic directional control valve sliding spool[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2006,47(1):114-131.
[13]AMIRANTE R,CATALANO L A,TAMBURRANO P.The importance of a full 3D fluid dynamic analysis to evaluate the flow forces in a hydraulic directional proportional valve[J].Engineering Computations,2014,31(5):898-922.
[14]LISOWSKI E,CZYZYCKI W,RAJDA J.Three dimensional CFD analysis and experimental test of flow force acting on the spool of solenoid operated directional control valve[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2013,70:220-229.
[15]LISOWSKI E,FILO G,RAJDA J.Analysis of flow florces in the initial phase of throttle gap opening in a proportional control valve[J].Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2018,59(3):157-167.
[16]LI Baoren,GAO Longlong,YANG Gang.Evaluation and compensation of steady flow force on the high-pressure electro-pneumatic servo valve direct-driven by voice coil motor[J].Energy Convention and Management,2013,67:92-102.
[17]LIAO Yaoyao,YUAN Hongbing,LIAN Zisheng,et al.Research and analysis of the hysteresis characteristics of a large flow directional valve[J].Strojniski Vestnik-Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,61(6):355-364.
[18]GAO Haiping,LI Baoren,YANG Gang.Study on the influence of flow force on a large flowrate directional control valve[A].6th IF-AC Symposium on Mechatronic Systems[C].Hangzhou,2013.
[19]CHEN Qianpeng,JI Hong,ZHU Yi,et al.Proposal for optimization of spool valve flow force based on the matlab-amesim-fluent joint simulation method[J].IEEE Access,2018,6(6):33148-33158.
[20]弓永军,王祖温,徐杰,等.先导式纯水溢流阀仿真与试验研究[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(24):136-142.GONG Yongjun,WANG Zuwen,XU Jie,et al.Simulation and experiments study on water hydraulic pressure relief valve with pilot stage[J].Journal of Mechnical Engineering,2010,46(24):136-142.
[21]张增猛,孟繁毅,侯交义,等.音圈电机直驱水液压节流控制阀仿真与试验[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(S1):275-281.ZHANG Zengmeng,MENG Fanyi,HOU Jiaoyi,et al.Simulation and experiments of water hydraulic throttle valve with direct voice coil motor actuation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(S1):275-281.