伊拉克HF油田上白垩统碳酸盐缓坡相储层发育特征
|
摘要
伊拉克HF油田上白垩统Hartha组灰岩沉积在碳酸盐缓坡环境,储层发育特征及其主控因素尚不明确。通过钻井、测井、岩芯和地震资料,并结合薄片观察、分析化验,研究了该油田Hartha组的岩石学特征、储集空间特征及物性特征,并分析了沉积相和成岩作用对储层发育的控制。结果表明,厚度约50 m的Hartha组的储层岩石类型主要为粒泥灰岩、泥粒灰岩和颗粒灰岩,孔隙度10%～22%,渗透率集中在(0.1～0.5)×10~(-3 )μm~2和(1～5)×10~(-3 )μm~2,基质物性较好。Hartha组上段储集性能相对较好,Hartha组下段发育外缓坡灰泥,储集性较差。沉积作用对储层的物性起着主要控制作用,滩相储层的物性明显好于非滩相。该套灰岩的储集空间为粒间孔、铸模孔、生物体腔孔,以及粒内溶孔和微裂缝。晚白垩世暴露剥蚀期,在表生作用下Hartha A层溶孔部分被胶结物充填,存在局部的强烈胶结带。
The limestone deposits of the Upper Cretaceous Hartha Formation in the Iraqi HF oilfield are found in a carbonate ramp environment. The reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors are still unclear. Through drilling, logging, core, and seismic data, combined with thin section observations and analysis, the petrological characteristics, reservoir space types, and physical properties of the Hartha Formation in this oilfield are studied, and the controlling factors for the sedimentary facies and diagenesis are analyzed. The results show that the reservoir rocks of the Hartha Formation, with a thickness of about 50 m, are mainly wackstone, packstone and grainstone, with a porosity range of 10%-22% and permeability of(0.1-0.5)×10~(-3 )μm~2 and(1-5)×10~(-3 )μm~2, and the physical properties of the matrix are good. The upper part of the Hartha Formation has relatively good reservoir performance, while the lower part of the Hartha Formation develops external gentle slope mortar with poor reservoir performance. Sedimentation plays a major role in controlling the physical properties of reservoirs, the physical properties of reservoir rocks in shoal facies are better than that in non-shoal facies. The limestone reservoir develops inter-granular pores, biological mould pores, intra fossil pores, dissolved pores and micro fractures. During the exposure period of the Late Cretaceous, the dissolved pores were partially filled by cements under the epi-diagenesis, and there were strong cementation zones locally.
The limestone deposits of the Upper Cretaceous Hartha Formation in the Iraqi HF oilfield are found in a carbonate ramp environment. The reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors are still unclear. Through drilling, logging, core, and seismic data, combined with thin section observations and analysis, the petrological characteristics, reservoir space types, and physical properties of the Hartha Formation in this oilfield are studied, and the controlling factors for the sedimentary facies and diagenesis are analyzed. The results show that the reservoir rocks of the Hartha Formation, with a thickness of about 50 m, are mainly wackstone, packstone and grainstone, with a porosity range of 10%-22% and permeability of(0.1-0.5)×10~(-3 )μm~2 and(1-5)×10~(-3 )μm~2, and the physical properties of the matrix are good. The upper part of the Hartha Formation has relatively good reservoir performance, while the lower part of the Hartha Formation develops external gentle slope mortar with poor reservoir performance. Sedimentation plays a major role in controlling the physical properties of reservoirs, the physical properties of reservoir rocks in shoal facies are better than that in non-shoal facies. The limestone reservoir develops inter-granular pores, biological mould pores, intra fossil pores, dissolved pores and micro fractures. During the exposure period of the Late Cretaceous, the dissolved pores were partially filled by cements under the epi-diagenesis, and there were strong cementation zones locally.
引文
[1] Ahr W M. The carbonate ramp: an alternative to the shelf model[J]. Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, 1973, 23: 221-225.
[2] Wright V P, Ries A C, Munn S G. Intraplatformal basin-fill deposits from the Infracambrian Huqf Group, east Central Oman[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1990, 49(1): 601-616.
[3] 顾家裕,马锋,季丽丹. 碳酸盐岩台地类型、特征及主控因素[J]. 古地理学报,2009,11(1):21-27. [Gu Jiayu, Ma Feng, Ji Lidan. Types, characteristics and main controlling factors of carbonate platform[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2009, 11(1): 21-27.]
[4] 刘小洪,刘畅,李宁辛,等. 差异型碳酸盐岩缓坡特征及沉积格局:以川西地区中二叠统栖霞—茅口组为例[J]. 西安科技大学学报,2017,37(2):242-250. [Liu Xiaohong, Liu Chang, Li Ningxin, et al. Depositional characters and framework of differential carbonate ramp in Qixia and Maokou Formation, the Middle Permian of western Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 2017, 37(2): 242-250.]
[5] Burchette T P, Wright V P. Carbonate ramp depositional systems[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1992, 79(1/2/3/4): 3-57.
[6] 王剑. 缓坡及其构造背景:以中国南方早寒武世龙王庙期扬子碳酸盐缓坡为例[J]. 岩相古地理,1990(5):13-22. [Wang Jian. Carbonate ramps and their tectonic controls, with an example from the Longwangmiaoian (Early Cambrian) Yangzi carbonate ramp in South China[J]. Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography, 1990(5): 13-22.]
[7] 韦恒叶,陈代钊. 鄂西—湘西北地区二叠纪栖霞期岩相古地理[J]. 古地理学报,2011,13(5):551-562. [Wei Hengye, Chen Daizhao. Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Qixia age of Permian in western Hubei-northwestern Hunan provinces[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2011, 13(5): 551-562.]
[8] 何君毅,蔡忠贤,张恒,等. 塔中隆起顺西地区良里塔格组沉积相类型及其展布特征[J]. 地质科技情报,2018,37(2):24-34. [He Junyi, Cai Zhongxian, Zhang Heng, et al. Sedimentary facies and distribution characteristics of Lianglitage Formation in Shunxi area of Tazhong uplift[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2018, 37(2): 24-34.]
[9] 李凤杰,屈雪林,杜凌春,等. 龙门山甘溪土桥子组碳酸盐岩沉积相及其演化[J]. 岩性油气藏,2015,27(5):6-12. [Li Fengjie, Qu Xuelin, Du Lingchun, et al. Carbonate facies and sedimentary evolution of Upper Devonian Tuqiaozi Formation in Ganxi section of Longmen Mountain[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2015, 27(5): 6-12.]
[10] Guo C, Chen D Z, Song Y F, et al. Depositional environments and cyclicity of the Early Ordovician carbonate ramp in the western Tarim Basin (NW China)[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2018, 158: 29-48.
[11] Sadooni F N. The nature and origin of Upper Cretaceous basin-margin rudist buildups of the Mesopotamian Basin, southern Iraq, with consideration of possible hydrocarbon stratigraphic entrapment[J]. Cretaceous Research, 2005, 26(2): 213-224.
[12] Al-Qayim B. Sequence stratigraphy and reservoir characteristics of the Turonian-Coniacian Khasib Formation in central Iraq[J]. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 2010, 33(4): 387-403.
[13] Ghabeishavi A, Vaziri-Moghaddam H, Taheri A, et al. Microfacies and depositional environment of the Cenomanian of the Bangestan anticline, SW Iran[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2010, 37(3): 275-285.
[14] 周文,郭睿,伏美燕,等. 伊拉克艾哈代布油田白垩系生物铸模孔及体腔孔发育的灰岩储层特征及成因分析[J]. 岩石学报,2014,30(3):813-821. [Zhou Wen, Guo Rui, Fu Meiyan, et al. Characteristics and origin of Cretaceous limestone reservoir with bio-moldic pore and intrafossil pore, in AHDEB oilfield, Iraq[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 30(3): 813-821.]
[15] 刘敬强,黄海平,卢立泽,等. 伊拉克A油田中白垩统原油地球化学特征及油源对比[J]. 长江大学学报(自科版),2015,12(23):5-10. [Liu Jingqiang, Huang Haiping, Lu Lize, et al. Geochemical characteristics of the Middle Cretaceous crude oil and oil-source correlation in A oilfield of Iraq[J]. Journal of Yangtze University (Natural Science Edition), 2015, 12(23): 5-10.]
[16] 伏美燕,赵丽敏,段天向,等. 伊拉克HF油田Mishrif组厚壳蛤滩相储层沉积与早期成岩特征[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(5):1-9. [Fu Meiyan, Zhao Limin, Duan Tianxiang, et al. Reservoir and early diagenesis characteristics of rudist shoal of Mishrif Formation in HF oilfield of Iraq[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum, 2016, 40(5): 1-9.]
[17] Wright V P, Burchette T P. Carbonate ramps[M]. London: Geological Society Special Publication, 1998: 45-72.
[18] Aqrawi A A M, Goff J C, Horbury A D, et al. The petroleum geology of Iraq[M]. Beaconsfield, UK: Scientific Press, 2010: 200-207.
[19] Jassim S Z, Goff J C. Geology of Iraq[M]. Brno: Dolin, Prague and Moravian Museum, 2006: 56-60.
[20] Gayara A D, Nasser M E, Kadhim A J. Paleoenvironents and sequence development of the Hartha Formation, Southen Iraq[J]. International Journal of Advanced Research, 2016, 4(8): 1322-1333.
[21] Gayara A D, Mousa A K. Sequence stratigraphy and reservoir characterization of the Upper Campanian-Maastrichtian succession, Buzurgan Field, southeastern Iraqi[J]. Iraqi Journal of Science, 2015, 56(2B): 1457-1464.
[22] Dunham R J. Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture[M]//Ham W E. Classification of carbonate rocks: a symposium. Tulsa, OK: AAPG Memoir, 1962: 108-121.
[2] Wright V P, Ries A C, Munn S G. Intraplatformal basin-fill deposits from the Infracambrian Huqf Group, east Central Oman[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1990, 49(1): 601-616.
[3] 顾家裕,马锋,季丽丹. 碳酸盐岩台地类型、特征及主控因素[J]. 古地理学报,2009,11(1):21-27. [Gu Jiayu, Ma Feng, Ji Lidan. Types, characteristics and main controlling factors of carbonate platform[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2009, 11(1): 21-27.]
[4] 刘小洪,刘畅,李宁辛,等. 差异型碳酸盐岩缓坡特征及沉积格局:以川西地区中二叠统栖霞—茅口组为例[J]. 西安科技大学学报,2017,37(2):242-250. [Liu Xiaohong, Liu Chang, Li Ningxin, et al. Depositional characters and framework of differential carbonate ramp in Qixia and Maokou Formation, the Middle Permian of western Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 2017, 37(2): 242-250.]
[5] Burchette T P, Wright V P. Carbonate ramp depositional systems[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1992, 79(1/2/3/4): 3-57.
[6] 王剑. 缓坡及其构造背景:以中国南方早寒武世龙王庙期扬子碳酸盐缓坡为例[J]. 岩相古地理,1990(5):13-22. [Wang Jian. Carbonate ramps and their tectonic controls, with an example from the Longwangmiaoian (Early Cambrian) Yangzi carbonate ramp in South China[J]. Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography, 1990(5): 13-22.]
[7] 韦恒叶,陈代钊. 鄂西—湘西北地区二叠纪栖霞期岩相古地理[J]. 古地理学报,2011,13(5):551-562. [Wei Hengye, Chen Daizhao. Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Qixia age of Permian in western Hubei-northwestern Hunan provinces[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2011, 13(5): 551-562.]
[8] 何君毅,蔡忠贤,张恒,等. 塔中隆起顺西地区良里塔格组沉积相类型及其展布特征[J]. 地质科技情报,2018,37(2):24-34. [He Junyi, Cai Zhongxian, Zhang Heng, et al. Sedimentary facies and distribution characteristics of Lianglitage Formation in Shunxi area of Tazhong uplift[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2018, 37(2): 24-34.]
[9] 李凤杰,屈雪林,杜凌春,等. 龙门山甘溪土桥子组碳酸盐岩沉积相及其演化[J]. 岩性油气藏,2015,27(5):6-12. [Li Fengjie, Qu Xuelin, Du Lingchun, et al. Carbonate facies and sedimentary evolution of Upper Devonian Tuqiaozi Formation in Ganxi section of Longmen Mountain[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2015, 27(5): 6-12.]
[10] Guo C, Chen D Z, Song Y F, et al. Depositional environments and cyclicity of the Early Ordovician carbonate ramp in the western Tarim Basin (NW China)[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2018, 158: 29-48.
[11] Sadooni F N. The nature and origin of Upper Cretaceous basin-margin rudist buildups of the Mesopotamian Basin, southern Iraq, with consideration of possible hydrocarbon stratigraphic entrapment[J]. Cretaceous Research, 2005, 26(2): 213-224.
[12] Al-Qayim B. Sequence stratigraphy and reservoir characteristics of the Turonian-Coniacian Khasib Formation in central Iraq[J]. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 2010, 33(4): 387-403.
[13] Ghabeishavi A, Vaziri-Moghaddam H, Taheri A, et al. Microfacies and depositional environment of the Cenomanian of the Bangestan anticline, SW Iran[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2010, 37(3): 275-285.
[14] 周文,郭睿,伏美燕,等. 伊拉克艾哈代布油田白垩系生物铸模孔及体腔孔发育的灰岩储层特征及成因分析[J]. 岩石学报,2014,30(3):813-821. [Zhou Wen, Guo Rui, Fu Meiyan, et al. Characteristics and origin of Cretaceous limestone reservoir with bio-moldic pore and intrafossil pore, in AHDEB oilfield, Iraq[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 30(3): 813-821.]
[15] 刘敬强,黄海平,卢立泽,等. 伊拉克A油田中白垩统原油地球化学特征及油源对比[J]. 长江大学学报(自科版),2015,12(23):5-10. [Liu Jingqiang, Huang Haiping, Lu Lize, et al. Geochemical characteristics of the Middle Cretaceous crude oil and oil-source correlation in A oilfield of Iraq[J]. Journal of Yangtze University (Natural Science Edition), 2015, 12(23): 5-10.]
[16] 伏美燕,赵丽敏,段天向,等. 伊拉克HF油田Mishrif组厚壳蛤滩相储层沉积与早期成岩特征[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(5):1-9. [Fu Meiyan, Zhao Limin, Duan Tianxiang, et al. Reservoir and early diagenesis characteristics of rudist shoal of Mishrif Formation in HF oilfield of Iraq[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum, 2016, 40(5): 1-9.]
[17] Wright V P, Burchette T P. Carbonate ramps[M]. London: Geological Society Special Publication, 1998: 45-72.
[18] Aqrawi A A M, Goff J C, Horbury A D, et al. The petroleum geology of Iraq[M]. Beaconsfield, UK: Scientific Press, 2010: 200-207.
[19] Jassim S Z, Goff J C. Geology of Iraq[M]. Brno: Dolin, Prague and Moravian Museum, 2006: 56-60.
[20] Gayara A D, Nasser M E, Kadhim A J. Paleoenvironents and sequence development of the Hartha Formation, Southen Iraq[J]. International Journal of Advanced Research, 2016, 4(8): 1322-1333.
[21] Gayara A D, Mousa A K. Sequence stratigraphy and reservoir characterization of the Upper Campanian-Maastrichtian succession, Buzurgan Field, southeastern Iraqi[J]. Iraqi Journal of Science, 2015, 56(2B): 1457-1464.
[22] Dunham R J. Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture[M]//Ham W E. Classification of carbonate rocks: a symposium. Tulsa, OK: AAPG Memoir, 1962: 108-121.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |