5种海岛典型园林绿化植物的耐盐性
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摘要
为了解红叶石楠Photinia×fraseri,金森女贞Ligustrum japonicum‘Howardi’,龟甲冬青Ilex crenata,金边黄杨Euonymus japonicus和夏鹃Hododendron pulchrum等5种海岛典型园林绿化植物的耐盐性,利用盆栽方式对5种植物进行盐分胁迫试验,共设置4个处理,即圃地土(ck,盐质量分数0.28 g·kg~(-1)),1.00,2.00和4.00 g·kg~(-1)氯化钠,测定相关的生长生理指标,利用隶属函数法对5种植物的耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明:5种植物在盐分胁迫下均出现不同程度的受害症状,土壤盐分为4.00 g·kg~(-1)时,夏鹃、红叶石楠和龟甲冬青全部死亡,金森女贞和金边黄杨的存活率分别达到60.00%和66.67%。生物量下降,降幅最高的是夏鹃,为30.03%~64.72%;最低是龟甲冬青,为10.34%~44.46%;红叶石楠、金森女贞和金边黄杨降幅范围分别达20.54%~47.10%,18.76%~51.90%和26.71%~52.48%。净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率随盐分质量分数增加而降低,胞间二氧化碳摩尔分数先下降后上升。随着盐胁迫质量分数的升高,5种植物叶片中钠离子(Na~+)明显积累,增幅最大的为金边黄杨,比ck增加6.60~24.31倍;最小的是金森女贞,较ck提高1.44~1.82倍;钾离子(K~+)质量分数变化并无明显规律,Na~+/K~+比值上升。综合生长表现和生理指标测定结果认为,5种植物的耐盐能力从高到低依次为金森女贞>金边黄杨>龟甲冬青>红叶石楠>夏鹃。
To reveal the salt tolerance of 5 landscape plant species, Photinia × fraseri, Ligustrum japonicum‘Howardi', Ilex crenata, Euonymus japonicus, Rhododendron pulchrum, a pot experiment for 2-year-old seedlings was conducted to investigated the 5 plants' growth status and physiology indexes under different salinity(NaCl) treatments,design with 4 treaments consisting of 0.28 g·kg~(-1)control), 1.00, 2.00 and 4.00 g·kg~(-1)soil salt mass fraction. Membership function value method was adopted to comprehensively evaluate salt tolerance of the 5 plants. The results show that the 5 plants showed different degree of salt-damaged symptoms;When soil salt mass fraction was 4.00 g·kg~(-1), Hododendron pulchrum, Photinia × fraseri and Ilex crenata were all death, Ligustrum japonicum ‘Howardi' and Euonymus japonicus survival rate reached 60.00% and 66.67%respectively. The biomass deceased under salt stress, Hododendron pulchrum decline the largest, 30.03%-64.72%, whlie Ilex crenata decline the least, 10.34%-44.46%; Photinia × fraseri, Ligustrum japonicum‘Howardi' and Euonymus japonicus decline range was 20.54%-47.10%, 18.76%-51.90% and 26.71%-52.48%, respectively. With the increasing of salt content, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were decreased, but the utilization of CO_2 were increased. There were no visible change of K~+,whereas Na~+concentration and Na~+/K~+ratio all rose significantly with the increasing of salinity concentration.The most increases of Na~+was Euonymus japonicus, 6.60-24.31 times more than the ck, and the least increases is Ligustrum japonicum ‘Howardi', compared with the ck increased by 1.44-1.82 times. The membership function was used to rank their salt tolerance followed in the order: Ligustrum japonicum ‘Howardi'>Euonymus japonicus>Ilex crenata>Photinia × fraseri>Rhododendron pulchrum.
To reveal the salt tolerance of 5 landscape plant species, Photinia × fraseri, Ligustrum japonicum‘Howardi', Ilex crenata, Euonymus japonicus, Rhododendron pulchrum, a pot experiment for 2-year-old seedlings was conducted to investigated the 5 plants' growth status and physiology indexes under different salinity(NaCl) treatments,design with 4 treaments consisting of 0.28 g·kg~(-1)control), 1.00, 2.00 and 4.00 g·kg~(-1)soil salt mass fraction. Membership function value method was adopted to comprehensively evaluate salt tolerance of the 5 plants. The results show that the 5 plants showed different degree of salt-damaged symptoms;When soil salt mass fraction was 4.00 g·kg~(-1), Hododendron pulchrum, Photinia × fraseri and Ilex crenata were all death, Ligustrum japonicum ‘Howardi' and Euonymus japonicus survival rate reached 60.00% and 66.67%respectively. The biomass deceased under salt stress, Hododendron pulchrum decline the largest, 30.03%-64.72%, whlie Ilex crenata decline the least, 10.34%-44.46%; Photinia × fraseri, Ligustrum japonicum‘Howardi' and Euonymus japonicus decline range was 20.54%-47.10%, 18.76%-51.90% and 26.71%-52.48%, respectively. With the increasing of salt content, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were decreased, but the utilization of CO_2 were increased. There were no visible change of K~+,whereas Na~+concentration and Na~+/K~+ratio all rose significantly with the increasing of salinity concentration.The most increases of Na~+was Euonymus japonicus, 6.60-24.31 times more than the ck, and the least increases is Ligustrum japonicum ‘Howardi', compared with the ck increased by 1.44-1.82 times. The membership function was used to rank their salt tolerance followed in the order: Ligustrum japonicum ‘Howardi'>Euonymus japonicus>Ilex crenata>Photinia × fraseri>Rhododendron pulchrum.
引文
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[9]宋盈颖,张饮江,李博炎,等.盐胁迫对金森女贞生理特征的影响[J].上海农业学报,2016,32(2):89-93.SONG Yingying,ZHANG Yinjiang,LI Boyan,et al.Effect of salt stress on physiological characteristics of Ligustrum higginson[J].Acta Agric Shanghai,2016,32(2):89-93.
[10]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
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[14]李峰,谢永宏,覃盈盈.盐胁迫条件下湿地植物的适应策略[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(2):314-321.LI Feng,XIE Yonghong,QIN Yingying.Adaptive strategies of wetland plants in salt stress environment[J].Chin J Ecol,2009,28(2):314-321.
[15]BERNSTEIN N,MEIRI A,ZILBERSTAINE M.Root growth of Avocado is more sensitive to salinity than shoot growth[J].J Am Soc Hortic Sci,2004,129(2):188-192.
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[17]MAUCHAMP A,M魪SLEARD F.Salt tolerance in Phragmites australis populations from coastal Mediterranean marshes[J].Aquatic Bot,2001,70(1):39-52.
[18]SALTER J,MORRIS K,BAILEY P C E,et al.Interactive effects of salinity and water depth on the growth of Melaleuca ericifolia Sm(Swamp paperbark)seedlings[J].Aquatic Bot,2007,86(3):213-222.
[19]汪贵斌,曹福亮.土壤盐分和水分含量对落羽杉光合特性的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(3):14-18.WANG Guibin,CAO Fuliang.Effects of soil water and salt contents on photosynthetic characteristics[J].J Nanjing For Univ Nat Sci Ed,2004,28(3):14-18.
[20]张川红,沈应柏,尹伟伦,等.盐胁迫对几种苗木生长及光合作用的影响[J].林业科学,2002,38(2):27-31.ZHANG Chuanhong,SHEN Yingbai,YIN Weilun,et al.Effect of salt stress on photosynthesis and growth of four tree species seedlings[J].Sci Silv Sin,2002,38(2):27-31.
[21]刘昊华.几种滨海盐碱地绿化植物耐盐特性研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2011.LIU Haohua.The Study of Several Afforestation Plants Salt-tolerance in Coastal Saline[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2011.
[22]汪贵斌,曹福亮,游庆方,等.盐胁迫对4树种叶片中K+和Na+的影响及其耐盐能力的评价[J].植物资源与环境学报,2001,10(1):30-34.WANG Guibin,CAO Fuliang,YOU Qingfang,et al.Effects of salt stress on concentrations of Na+,K+and Na+/K+in the leaves of four tree species and evaluation of salt tolerance[J].J Plant Resour Environ,2001,10(1):30-34.
[23]左照江,张汝民,高岩.盐胁迫下植物细胞离子流变化的研究进展[J].浙江农林大学学报,2014,31(5):805-811.ZUO Zhaojiang,ZHANG Rumin,GAO Yan.Advances in plant cell ion flux with salt stress:a review[J].J Zhejiang A&F Univ,2014,31(5):805-811.
[24]MANSOUR M M F,SALAMA K H A.Cellular basis of salinity tolerance in plant[J].Environ Exp Bot,2004,52(2):113-122.
[25]宋丹.几种引进树种幼苗耐盐特性及其耐盐性评价研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2006.SONG Dan.Study on Characters and Assessments of Salt Tolerance in the Seedlings of Several Introductory Tree Species[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2006.
[2]吴琼.新型城镇化下乡村聚落的植物景观研究:以舟山本岛乡村为例[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014.WU Qiong.Study on the Plant Landscape of Rural Settlement Under the New Urbanization:Taking the Zhoushan Island as Example[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2014.
[3]张华新,刘正祥,刘秋芳.盐胁迫下树种幼苗生长及其耐盐性[J].生态学报,2009,29(5):2263-2271.ZHANG Huaxin,LIU Zhengxiang,LIU Qiufang.Seedling growth and salt tolerance of tree species under Na Cl stress[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2009,29(5):2263-2271.
[4]王树凤,胡韵雪,孙海菁,等.盐胁迫对2种栎树苗期生长和根系生长发育的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(4):1021-1029.WANG Shufeng,HU Yunxue,SUN Haijing,et al.Effects of salt stress on growth and root development of two oak seedlings[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2014,34(4):1021-1029.
[5]宗鹏鹏,曲艳华,柴朋,等.八棱海棠耐盐碱性评价[J].中国农业大学学报,2013,18(3):96-100.ZONG Pengpeng,QU Yanhua,CHAI Peng,et al.Evaluation on the resistance of Malus robusta Rehd.to alkalinity and salinity[J].J China Agric Univ,2013,18(3):96-100.
[6]李庆贱,李悦,陈志强,等.不同白榆家系苗期耐盐碱综合评价[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(3):8-11.LI Qingjian,LI Yue,CHEN Zhiqiang,et al.Integrated evaluation of saline-alkali tolerance of Ulmus pumila seedlings from different families[J].J Northeast For Univ,2011,39(3):8-11.
[7]王臣,虞木奎,王宗星,等.9个楸树无性系对盐胁迫的差异响应[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(2):20-24.WANG Chen,YU Mukui,WANG Zongxing,et al.Difference of response to salt stress of nine clones of Catalpa bungei[J].J Nanjing For Univ Nat Sci Ed,2011,35(2):20-24.
[8]申亚梅,童再康,马进,等.海水胁迫下2种观赏植物的生长与生理特性比较[J].浙江林学院学报,2009,26(4):490-497.SHEN Yamei,TONG Zaikang,MA Jin,et al.Seawater stress on vegetative and physiological characteristics of Photinia glabra×P.fraseri‘Red Robin’and Euonymus japonica‘Aureo-marinatus’cuttings[J].J Zhejiang For Coll,2009,26(4):490-497.
[9]宋盈颖,张饮江,李博炎,等.盐胁迫对金森女贞生理特征的影响[J].上海农业学报,2016,32(2):89-93.SONG Yingying,ZHANG Yinjiang,LI Boyan,et al.Effect of salt stress on physiological characteristics of Ligustrum higginson[J].Acta Agric Shanghai,2016,32(2):89-93.
[10]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[11]MUNNS R.Comparative physiology of salt and water stress[J].Plant Cell Environ,2002,25(2):239-250.
[12]KOZLOWSKI T T.Responses of woody plants to flooding and salinity[J].Tree Physiol,1997,1(7):129-163.
[13]VICENTE O,BOSCAIU M,NARANJO M魣,et al.Responses to salt stress in the halophyte Plantago crassifolia(Plantaginaceae)[J].J Arid Environ,2004,58(4):463-481.
[14]李峰,谢永宏,覃盈盈.盐胁迫条件下湿地植物的适应策略[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(2):314-321.LI Feng,XIE Yonghong,QIN Yingying.Adaptive strategies of wetland plants in salt stress environment[J].Chin J Ecol,2009,28(2):314-321.
[15]BERNSTEIN N,MEIRI A,ZILBERSTAINE M.Root growth of Avocado is more sensitive to salinity than shoot growth[J].J Am Soc Hortic Sci,2004,129(2):188-192.
[16]弋良朋,王祖伟.盐胁迫下3种滨海盐生植物的根系生长和分布[J].生态学报,2011,31(5):1195-1202.YI Liangpeng,WANG Zuwei.Root system characters in growth and distribution among three littoral halophytes[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2011,31(5):1195-1202.
[17]MAUCHAMP A,M魪SLEARD F.Salt tolerance in Phragmites australis populations from coastal Mediterranean marshes[J].Aquatic Bot,2001,70(1):39-52.
[18]SALTER J,MORRIS K,BAILEY P C E,et al.Interactive effects of salinity and water depth on the growth of Melaleuca ericifolia Sm(Swamp paperbark)seedlings[J].Aquatic Bot,2007,86(3):213-222.
[19]汪贵斌,曹福亮.土壤盐分和水分含量对落羽杉光合特性的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(3):14-18.WANG Guibin,CAO Fuliang.Effects of soil water and salt contents on photosynthetic characteristics[J].J Nanjing For Univ Nat Sci Ed,2004,28(3):14-18.
[20]张川红,沈应柏,尹伟伦,等.盐胁迫对几种苗木生长及光合作用的影响[J].林业科学,2002,38(2):27-31.ZHANG Chuanhong,SHEN Yingbai,YIN Weilun,et al.Effect of salt stress on photosynthesis and growth of four tree species seedlings[J].Sci Silv Sin,2002,38(2):27-31.
[21]刘昊华.几种滨海盐碱地绿化植物耐盐特性研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2011.LIU Haohua.The Study of Several Afforestation Plants Salt-tolerance in Coastal Saline[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2011.
[22]汪贵斌,曹福亮,游庆方,等.盐胁迫对4树种叶片中K+和Na+的影响及其耐盐能力的评价[J].植物资源与环境学报,2001,10(1):30-34.WANG Guibin,CAO Fuliang,YOU Qingfang,et al.Effects of salt stress on concentrations of Na+,K+and Na+/K+in the leaves of four tree species and evaluation of salt tolerance[J].J Plant Resour Environ,2001,10(1):30-34.
[23]左照江,张汝民,高岩.盐胁迫下植物细胞离子流变化的研究进展[J].浙江农林大学学报,2014,31(5):805-811.ZUO Zhaojiang,ZHANG Rumin,GAO Yan.Advances in plant cell ion flux with salt stress:a review[J].J Zhejiang A&F Univ,2014,31(5):805-811.
[24]MANSOUR M M F,SALAMA K H A.Cellular basis of salinity tolerance in plant[J].Environ Exp Bot,2004,52(2):113-122.
[25]宋丹.几种引进树种幼苗耐盐特性及其耐盐性评价研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2006.SONG Dan.Study on Characters and Assessments of Salt Tolerance in the Seedlings of Several Introductory Tree Species[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2006.
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