土地利用/覆被变化对太湖贡湖湾水质影响的研究
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摘要
土地利用/覆被变化对湖泊水质的定量化影响研究是湖泊生态学的研究热点之一。运用贡湖湾遥感影像数据,四季的总氮、总磷、叶绿素a、透明度水质参数,从5个不同缓冲区和贡湖湾尺度,深入分析了土地利用/覆被变化对湖区水质的影响。研究结果发现贡湖湾水体污染物浓度与农业用地、建设用地呈显著正相关,与林地呈显著负相关,与草地、未利用地相关性不明显;农业用地、建设用地和林地对贡湖湾水质的影响存在尺度效应,贡湖湾近域地带的土地利用/覆被对湖泊水质的影响比远离湖泊地带更为显著。研究表明,贡湖湾林地具有较强的减水减沙效应,对水质改善有着积极作用。在贡湖湾沿岸0~2 km内开展植树造林、退耕还林工作,实施湿地恢复工程,有利于防治水土流失,保护生态环境。
The quantitative impact of land use / cover( LULC) on the receiving water quality is one of research highlights of lake ecology. By using Landsat Thematic Mapper( TM) images and water quality indices( TN,TP,Chl. a,Secchi depth) of four seasons,this paper analyzed the relationship between land use / cover and water quality of Gonghu Bay based on five different buffer zones and the whole bay scale. Results showed that the land use pattern in Gonghu Bay had a significant impact on surface water quality. Construction land and cultivated land had a significant positive effect on water quality in Gonghu Bay,while forest land exhibited significant negative effect on water quality; grass land and non-used land had not significant effect. There was a scale effect between land use pattern and water quality indices in Gonghu Bay. The land use / cover type near to Gonghu Bay had more significant influence on water quality than that away from Gonghu Bay. Studies have shown that the forest land in Gonghu Bay had a strong effect on reducing water and sand,positively improving the receiving water quality. Developing afforestation, returning farmland to forest, and implementing wetland restoration project along the littoral zones within 0-2 km of Gonghu Bay will positively prevent soil erosion and protect the ecological environment.
The quantitative impact of land use / cover( LULC) on the receiving water quality is one of research highlights of lake ecology. By using Landsat Thematic Mapper( TM) images and water quality indices( TN,TP,Chl. a,Secchi depth) of four seasons,this paper analyzed the relationship between land use / cover and water quality of Gonghu Bay based on five different buffer zones and the whole bay scale. Results showed that the land use pattern in Gonghu Bay had a significant impact on surface water quality. Construction land and cultivated land had a significant positive effect on water quality in Gonghu Bay,while forest land exhibited significant negative effect on water quality; grass land and non-used land had not significant effect. There was a scale effect between land use pattern and water quality indices in Gonghu Bay. The land use / cover type near to Gonghu Bay had more significant influence on water quality than that away from Gonghu Bay. Studies have shown that the forest land in Gonghu Bay had a strong effect on reducing water and sand,positively improving the receiving water quality. Developing afforestation, returning farmland to forest, and implementing wetland restoration project along the littoral zones within 0-2 km of Gonghu Bay will positively prevent soil erosion and protect the ecological environment.
引文
[1]梅艳.区域土地利用变化及其对生态安全的影响研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2009.MEI Y.Study on regional land use change and its influence on ecological security[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2009.
[2]鲍全盛,毛显强,王华东.我国水环境非点源污染研究与展望[J].上海环境科学,1996,15(5):11-16.BAO Q S,MAO X Q,WANG H D.Prospect and progress of water environmental non-point pollution source study in China[J].Shanghai Environmental Science,1996,15(5):11-16.
[3]刘瑞民,杨志峰,丁晓雯,等.土地利用/覆盖变化对长江上游非点源污染影响研究[J].环境科学,2006,27(12):2407-2414.LIU R M,YANG Z F,DING X W,et al.Effect of land use/cover change on pollution load of non-point source in upper reach of Yangtze River Basin[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(12):2407-2414.
[4]胥彦玲.基于土地利用/覆被变化的陕西黑河流域非点源污染研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2007.XU Y L.Non-point Source Pollution research based on landuse/coverage changes in Shaanxi Heihe River Watershed[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2007.
[5]梅立永,赵智杰,黄钱,等.小流域非点源污染模拟与仿真研究—以HSPF模型在西丽水库流域应用为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(1):64-70.MEI L Y,ZHAO Z J,HUANG Q,et al.Non-point sources pollution modeling in watershed scale:case study of Xili reservoir(Shenzhen)with HSPF[J].Journal of AgroEnvironment Science,2007,26(1):64-70.
[6]CORWIN D L,VAUGHAN P J.Modeling nonpoint source pollutants in the vadose zone with GIS[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1997,31(8):2157-2175.
[7]LI S Y,GU S,LIU W Z,et al.Water quality in relation to land use and land cover in the upper Han River Basin China[J].Catena,2008,75(2):216-222.
[8]SMART R P,SOULSBY C,NEAL C,et al.Factors regulating the spatial and temporal distribution of solute concentrations in a major river system in NE Scotland[J].Science of the Total Environment,1998,221(2/3):93-110.
[9]孙金华,曹晓峰,黄艺.滇池流域土地利用对入湖河流水质的影响[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(12):2052-2057.SUN J H,CAO X F,HUANG Y.Effect of land use on inflow rivers water quality in lake Dianchi watershed[J].China Environmental Science,2011,31(12):2052-2057.
[10]LI S Y,ZHANG Q F.Geochemistry of the upper Han River basin,China,1:spatial distribution of major ion compositions and their controlling factors[J].Applied Geochemistry,2008,23(12):3535-3544.
[11]曹芳芳,李雪,王东,等.新安江流域土地利用结构对水质的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2582-2587.CAO F F,LI X,WANG D,et al.Effects of land use structure on water quality in Xin’anjiang River[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(7):2582-2587.
[12]NASH M S,HEGGEM D T,EBERT D,et al.Multi-scale landscape factors influencing stream water quality in the state of Oregon[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2009,156(1/4):343-360.
[13]官宝红,李君,曾爱斌,等.杭州市城市土地利用对河流水质的影响[J].资源科学,2008,30(6):857-863.GUAN B H,LI J,ZENG A B,et al.Impacts of urban land use on water quality in Hangzhou[J].Resources Science,2008,30(6):857-863.
[14]张殷俊,陈爽,相景昌.河流近域土地利用格局与水质相关性分析—以巢湖流域为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(9):1054-1061.ZHANG Y J,CHEN S,XIANG J C.Correlation between the water quality and land use composition in the river side area—a case of Chaohu Lake Basin in China[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2011,20(9):1054-1061.
[15]SLIVA L,WILLIAMS D D.Buffer zone versus whole catchment approaches to studying land use impact on river water quality[J].Water Research,2001,35(14):3462-3472.
[16]JOHNSON L B,RICHARDS C,HOST G,et al.Landscape influences on water chemistry in Midwestern stream ecosystems[J].Freshwater Biology,1997,37(1):193-208.
[17]王晓平.太湖流域水资源保护局房玲娣建议:把保障供水水源地安全作为太湖流域水利工作的首要任务[J].中国水利,2005(5):20.WANG X P.Recommendation from water resources protection bureau of Taihu Lake Basin:protecting the source of water supply security is a priority in Taihu Lake Basin water conservancy[J].China Water Resources,2005(5):20.
[18]范成新,季江,张文华,等.贡湖水质富营养化综合评价及初步预测[J].海洋湖沼通报,1997(3):18-24.FAN C X,JI J,ZHANG W H,et al.Comprehensive evaluation and preliminary prediction for water quality and eutrophication of Gonghu Bay[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,1997(3):18-24.
[19]邓书斌.ENVI遥感图像处理方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.DENG S B.ENVI remote sensing image processing method[J].Beijing:Science Press,2010.
[20]余建英,何旭宏.数据统计分析与SPSS应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.YU J Y,HE X H.Statistical analysis and application of SPSS[J].Beijing:Posts&Telecom Press,2003.
[21]蒋勇军,袁道先,谢世友,等.典型岩溶农业区地下水质与土地利用变化分析—以云南小江流域为例[J].地理学报,2006,61(5):471-481.JIANG Y J,YUAN D X,XIE S Y,et al.The groundwater quality and land use change in a typical karst agricultural region:a case study of Xiaojiang watershed,Yunnan[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2006,61(5):471-481.
[22]李恒鹏,刘晓枚,黄文钰.太湖流域浙西区不同土地类型的面源污染产出[J].地理学报,2004,59(3):401-408.LI H P,LIU X M,HUANG W Y.The non-point output of different landuse types in Zhexi Hydraulic region of Taihu Basin[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2004,59(3):401-408.
[23]吴晶晶,蔡永立.快速城市化地区土地利用变化及其对水质的影响—以上海市奉贤区为例[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(26):16208-16211.WU J J,CAI Y L.Land use change and its impact on water quality in the rapidly urbanized Area[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(26):16208-16211.
[24]孙恩呈,周国明,张慧.国内外城市非点源污染研究进展[J].天津化工,2012,26(1):10-13.SUN E C,ZHOU G M,ZHANG H.Domestic and foreign urban non-point source pollution:Research progress[J].Tianjin Chemical Industry,2012,26(1):10-13.
[25]王阳阳.沉水植被恢复对贡湖水源保护区河流污染削减技术研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2011.WANG Y Y.Study on the pollution reduction efficiency of submerged vegetation restoration in Gonghu Lake[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2011.
[26]徐新洲,薛建辉,吕志刚,等.太湖贡湖湾湖滨湿地生态功能区与植被修复研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(3):35-40.XU X Z,XUE J H,LZ G,et al.A research of ecological function area and vegetation restoration at Taihu Gonghu bay wetland[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2013,37(3):35-40.
[27]陈利顶,傅伯杰,赵文武.“源”“汇”景观理论及其生态学意义[J].生态学报,2006,26(5):1444-1449.CHEN L D,FU B J,ZHAO W W.Source-sink landscape theory and its ecological significance[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(5):1444-1449.
[2]鲍全盛,毛显强,王华东.我国水环境非点源污染研究与展望[J].上海环境科学,1996,15(5):11-16.BAO Q S,MAO X Q,WANG H D.Prospect and progress of water environmental non-point pollution source study in China[J].Shanghai Environmental Science,1996,15(5):11-16.
[3]刘瑞民,杨志峰,丁晓雯,等.土地利用/覆盖变化对长江上游非点源污染影响研究[J].环境科学,2006,27(12):2407-2414.LIU R M,YANG Z F,DING X W,et al.Effect of land use/cover change on pollution load of non-point source in upper reach of Yangtze River Basin[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(12):2407-2414.
[4]胥彦玲.基于土地利用/覆被变化的陕西黑河流域非点源污染研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2007.XU Y L.Non-point Source Pollution research based on landuse/coverage changes in Shaanxi Heihe River Watershed[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2007.
[5]梅立永,赵智杰,黄钱,等.小流域非点源污染模拟与仿真研究—以HSPF模型在西丽水库流域应用为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(1):64-70.MEI L Y,ZHAO Z J,HUANG Q,et al.Non-point sources pollution modeling in watershed scale:case study of Xili reservoir(Shenzhen)with HSPF[J].Journal of AgroEnvironment Science,2007,26(1):64-70.
[6]CORWIN D L,VAUGHAN P J.Modeling nonpoint source pollutants in the vadose zone with GIS[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1997,31(8):2157-2175.
[7]LI S Y,GU S,LIU W Z,et al.Water quality in relation to land use and land cover in the upper Han River Basin China[J].Catena,2008,75(2):216-222.
[8]SMART R P,SOULSBY C,NEAL C,et al.Factors regulating the spatial and temporal distribution of solute concentrations in a major river system in NE Scotland[J].Science of the Total Environment,1998,221(2/3):93-110.
[9]孙金华,曹晓峰,黄艺.滇池流域土地利用对入湖河流水质的影响[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(12):2052-2057.SUN J H,CAO X F,HUANG Y.Effect of land use on inflow rivers water quality in lake Dianchi watershed[J].China Environmental Science,2011,31(12):2052-2057.
[10]LI S Y,ZHANG Q F.Geochemistry of the upper Han River basin,China,1:spatial distribution of major ion compositions and their controlling factors[J].Applied Geochemistry,2008,23(12):3535-3544.
[11]曹芳芳,李雪,王东,等.新安江流域土地利用结构对水质的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2582-2587.CAO F F,LI X,WANG D,et al.Effects of land use structure on water quality in Xin’anjiang River[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(7):2582-2587.
[12]NASH M S,HEGGEM D T,EBERT D,et al.Multi-scale landscape factors influencing stream water quality in the state of Oregon[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2009,156(1/4):343-360.
[13]官宝红,李君,曾爱斌,等.杭州市城市土地利用对河流水质的影响[J].资源科学,2008,30(6):857-863.GUAN B H,LI J,ZENG A B,et al.Impacts of urban land use on water quality in Hangzhou[J].Resources Science,2008,30(6):857-863.
[14]张殷俊,陈爽,相景昌.河流近域土地利用格局与水质相关性分析—以巢湖流域为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(9):1054-1061.ZHANG Y J,CHEN S,XIANG J C.Correlation between the water quality and land use composition in the river side area—a case of Chaohu Lake Basin in China[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2011,20(9):1054-1061.
[15]SLIVA L,WILLIAMS D D.Buffer zone versus whole catchment approaches to studying land use impact on river water quality[J].Water Research,2001,35(14):3462-3472.
[16]JOHNSON L B,RICHARDS C,HOST G,et al.Landscape influences on water chemistry in Midwestern stream ecosystems[J].Freshwater Biology,1997,37(1):193-208.
[17]王晓平.太湖流域水资源保护局房玲娣建议:把保障供水水源地安全作为太湖流域水利工作的首要任务[J].中国水利,2005(5):20.WANG X P.Recommendation from water resources protection bureau of Taihu Lake Basin:protecting the source of water supply security is a priority in Taihu Lake Basin water conservancy[J].China Water Resources,2005(5):20.
[18]范成新,季江,张文华,等.贡湖水质富营养化综合评价及初步预测[J].海洋湖沼通报,1997(3):18-24.FAN C X,JI J,ZHANG W H,et al.Comprehensive evaluation and preliminary prediction for water quality and eutrophication of Gonghu Bay[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,1997(3):18-24.
[19]邓书斌.ENVI遥感图像处理方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.DENG S B.ENVI remote sensing image processing method[J].Beijing:Science Press,2010.
[20]余建英,何旭宏.数据统计分析与SPSS应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.YU J Y,HE X H.Statistical analysis and application of SPSS[J].Beijing:Posts&Telecom Press,2003.
[21]蒋勇军,袁道先,谢世友,等.典型岩溶农业区地下水质与土地利用变化分析—以云南小江流域为例[J].地理学报,2006,61(5):471-481.JIANG Y J,YUAN D X,XIE S Y,et al.The groundwater quality and land use change in a typical karst agricultural region:a case study of Xiaojiang watershed,Yunnan[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2006,61(5):471-481.
[22]李恒鹏,刘晓枚,黄文钰.太湖流域浙西区不同土地类型的面源污染产出[J].地理学报,2004,59(3):401-408.LI H P,LIU X M,HUANG W Y.The non-point output of different landuse types in Zhexi Hydraulic region of Taihu Basin[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2004,59(3):401-408.
[23]吴晶晶,蔡永立.快速城市化地区土地利用变化及其对水质的影响—以上海市奉贤区为例[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(26):16208-16211.WU J J,CAI Y L.Land use change and its impact on water quality in the rapidly urbanized Area[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(26):16208-16211.
[24]孙恩呈,周国明,张慧.国内外城市非点源污染研究进展[J].天津化工,2012,26(1):10-13.SUN E C,ZHOU G M,ZHANG H.Domestic and foreign urban non-point source pollution:Research progress[J].Tianjin Chemical Industry,2012,26(1):10-13.
[25]王阳阳.沉水植被恢复对贡湖水源保护区河流污染削减技术研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2011.WANG Y Y.Study on the pollution reduction efficiency of submerged vegetation restoration in Gonghu Lake[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2011.
[26]徐新洲,薛建辉,吕志刚,等.太湖贡湖湾湖滨湿地生态功能区与植被修复研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(3):35-40.XU X Z,XUE J H,LZ G,et al.A research of ecological function area and vegetation restoration at Taihu Gonghu bay wetland[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2013,37(3):35-40.
[27]陈利顶,傅伯杰,赵文武.“源”“汇”景观理论及其生态学意义[J].生态学报,2006,26(5):1444-1449.CHEN L D,FU B J,ZHAO W W.Source-sink landscape theory and its ecological significance[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(5):1444-1449.
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