降水对重庆市大气污染物浓度的影响分析
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摘要
利用2013—2015年逐日沙坪坝气象站气象及临近的环境监测数据,探讨降水对重庆市大气污染物浓度的影响,结果表明:PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_2浓度随降水量增加逐渐降低,降低趋势线较为明显,降低幅度为SO_2的> PM_(10)的>PM_(2.5)的;NO_2和CO随降水量增加减少趋势不明显;O_3浓度随降水量的增加而逐渐增加。各类大气污染物在不同量级降水量时变化特征有所不同。在降水量小于1 mm时,弱降水的气象条件更有利于污染物的积累,不利于污染的稀释扩散和沉降,空气质量恶化;大于1 mm后,降水对各种大气污染物均有明显的清除作用,清除能力随着降水量级的增加而增大,在降水量大于10mm后湿清除能力明显提升,降水量大于20 mm时湿清除能力最强,粗细颗粒与雨滴碰并效应增加,降水对PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的湿清除率分别达30%和25%。连续降水时,各季节降水对各类大气污染物的湿清除能力不尽相同:冬季降水对PM_(2.5)湿清除作用最为明显,对其余污染物清除作用从大到小依次为PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2、CO,而O_3在冬季降水使O_3浓度增加非常明显,通常冬季臭氧浓度相对较低,降水一定程度上使冬季空气质量变好,太阳辐射增加,二次污染物光合作用增强,臭氧浓度也一定程度上增加。
Based on the meteorological and environmental monitoring data from 2013 to 2015, the influence of precipitation on concentration of air pollutants in Chongqing was investigated. The results showed that the concentration of PM_(2.5), PM_(10) and SO_2decreased gradually with the increase of precipitation, and the decreasing trend line was relatively obvious, the decreased magnitude was SO_2>PM_(10)> PM_(2.5), while the decreasing trend of NO_2 and CO with the increase of precipitation was not obvious. The concentration of O_3 gradually increased with the increase of precipitation. The variation characteristics of all kinds of air pollutants are different in different quantity of precipitation. When the precipitation is less than 1 mm, the weather conditions of the weak precipitation are more conducive to the accumulation of pollutants, which is detrimental to the dilution and diffusion and settlement of the pollution,and the air quality gets worse. When the precipitation is more than 1 mm, the precipitation has a clear clearance effect on all kinds of air pollutants, the scavenging ability increases with the increase precipitation quantity. When the precipitation is more than 10 mm, the wet clearance ability is obviously enhanced, which is strongest when the precipitation is greater than 20 mm, the coalescence effect between particles and the raindrops increase, and the wet clearance rate of precipitation to PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) is 30% and 25% respectively. In the continuous precipitation process, the wet clearance of various kinds of atmospheric pollutants varies in each season. In winter,the wet clearance of precipitation to PM_(2.5) is the most obviously, the removal effects sequence to the other pollutants is PM_(10), SO_2, NO_2 and CO from strong to weak in turn, while the O_3 concentration increases obviously.The concentration of O_3 in winter is relative. In a certain degree, the quality of the air in winter is better when precipitation occurring, then the solar radiation increases, the photosynthesis of the secondary pollutants increases, and the O_3 concentration also increases to a certain extent.
Based on the meteorological and environmental monitoring data from 2013 to 2015, the influence of precipitation on concentration of air pollutants in Chongqing was investigated. The results showed that the concentration of PM_(2.5), PM_(10) and SO_2decreased gradually with the increase of precipitation, and the decreasing trend line was relatively obvious, the decreased magnitude was SO_2>PM_(10)> PM_(2.5), while the decreasing trend of NO_2 and CO with the increase of precipitation was not obvious. The concentration of O_3 gradually increased with the increase of precipitation. The variation characteristics of all kinds of air pollutants are different in different quantity of precipitation. When the precipitation is less than 1 mm, the weather conditions of the weak precipitation are more conducive to the accumulation of pollutants, which is detrimental to the dilution and diffusion and settlement of the pollution,and the air quality gets worse. When the precipitation is more than 1 mm, the precipitation has a clear clearance effect on all kinds of air pollutants, the scavenging ability increases with the increase precipitation quantity. When the precipitation is more than 10 mm, the wet clearance ability is obviously enhanced, which is strongest when the precipitation is greater than 20 mm, the coalescence effect between particles and the raindrops increase, and the wet clearance rate of precipitation to PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) is 30% and 25% respectively. In the continuous precipitation process, the wet clearance of various kinds of atmospheric pollutants varies in each season. In winter,the wet clearance of precipitation to PM_(2.5) is the most obviously, the removal effects sequence to the other pollutants is PM_(10), SO_2, NO_2 and CO from strong to weak in turn, while the O_3 concentration increases obviously.The concentration of O_3 in winter is relative. In a certain degree, the quality of the air in winter is better when precipitation occurring, then the solar radiation increases, the photosynthesis of the secondary pollutants increases, and the O_3 concentration also increases to a certain extent.
引文
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[18]吴序鹏,刘端阳,谢真珍,等.江苏淮安地区大气污染变化特征及其与气象条件的关系[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(1):31-38.
[19]陈挚秋,王建力,杨平恒,等.2014年重庆市大气污染物浓度变化特征及其与气象条件的关系[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(10):147-153.
[20]李九彬,王建力.2001—2011年重庆市空气质量特征分析[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(9):145-153.
[21]王颖,梁依玲,王丽霞.气象条件对污染物浓度分布影响的研究[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2015,9(2):69-74.
[22]王妮,何太蓉,刘金萍,等.重庆城区夏季降水对大气污染物的清除效果[J].环境工程,2017,35(4):69-73.
[23]陆琛莉,李海军,张雪慧,等.2013年12月浙北北部两次重度霾过程的对比分析[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(1):47-55.
[24]钟玉婷,刘新春,何清,等.乌鲁木齐冬季黑碳气溶胶污染特征初步研究[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2014,8(6):36- 40.
[25]周莉,周慧,杨云芸,等.2014年秋季长株潭城市群一次典型霾污染天气过程的气象特征及成因分析[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(1):39-46.
[26]黄伟,翟崇治,余家燕,等.重庆区域性灰霾天气下大气污染分析初探[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,37(7):142-146.
[27]张丹,周志恩,张灿,等.重庆市主城区春夏季不同粒径颗粒物污染特征分析[J].城市环境与城市生态,2011,24(5):1-5.
[28]郭立平,乔林,石茗化,等.河北廊坊市连续重污染天气的气象条件分析[J].干旱气象,2015,33(3):497-504.
[2]刘红年,胡荣章,张美根,等.城市灰霾数值预报模式的建立与应用[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(6):631-636.
[3]高歌.1961-2005年中国霾日气候特征及变化分析[J].地理学报,2008,63(7):761-768.
[4]邓涛,吴兑,邓雪娇,等.一次严重灰霾过程的气溶胶光学特性垂直分布[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(11):1921-1928.
[5]陈朝平,杨康权,冯良敏,等.四川盆地一次持续性雾霾天气过程分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2015,35(3):73-77.
[6]杨若子,房小怡,高云,等.北京雾和霾临界气象条件的气候变化特征[J].气象与环境科学,2017,40(3):14-20.
[7]张建忠,李坤玉,王冠岚,等.京津冀4次重度污染过程的气象要素分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(1):19-25.
[8]冯良敏,陈朝平,龙柯吉,等.成都地区2012年PM10污染过程气象条件分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2014,34(2):57-62.
[9]罗贵东,陈怡蓓,郑文全.达州市2016年元旦期间持续重污染天气气象条件分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2017,37(2):58-64.
[10]何建军,吴琳,毛洪钧,等.气象条件对河北廊坊城市空气质量的影响[J].环境科学研究2016,29(6):791-799.
[11]樊梦,朱蓉,朱克云,等.2015年11月京津冀持续重污染过程模拟研究[J].高原山地气象研究,2016,36(1):7-14.
[12]韩茜,魏文寿,刘新春,等.乌鲁木齐市PM10、PM2.5和PM1.0浓度及分布变化特征[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2015,9(1):32-38.
[13]李二杰,刘晓慧,李洋,等.一次重污染过程及其边界层气象特征量分析[J].干旱气象,2015,33(5):856-860.
[14]缑晓辉,严晓瑜,刘玉兰,等.银川地区大气颗粒物浓度变化特征及其与气象条件的关系[J].气象与环境学报,2016,32(6):58-68.
[15]韩力慧,张海亮,向欣,等.北京市典型区域夏季降水及其对大气污染物的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(6):2211-2217.
[16]段莹,吴战平,张东海,等.贵阳市降水对PM2.5污染物湿清除作用[J].气象科技,2016,44(3):458-473.
[17]许建明,高伟,瞿元昊.上海地区降水清除PM2.5的观测研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(9):3271-3279.
[18]吴序鹏,刘端阳,谢真珍,等.江苏淮安地区大气污染变化特征及其与气象条件的关系[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(1):31-38.
[19]陈挚秋,王建力,杨平恒,等.2014年重庆市大气污染物浓度变化特征及其与气象条件的关系[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(10):147-153.
[20]李九彬,王建力.2001—2011年重庆市空气质量特征分析[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(9):145-153.
[21]王颖,梁依玲,王丽霞.气象条件对污染物浓度分布影响的研究[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2015,9(2):69-74.
[22]王妮,何太蓉,刘金萍,等.重庆城区夏季降水对大气污染物的清除效果[J].环境工程,2017,35(4):69-73.
[23]陆琛莉,李海军,张雪慧,等.2013年12月浙北北部两次重度霾过程的对比分析[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(1):47-55.
[24]钟玉婷,刘新春,何清,等.乌鲁木齐冬季黑碳气溶胶污染特征初步研究[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2014,8(6):36- 40.
[25]周莉,周慧,杨云芸,等.2014年秋季长株潭城市群一次典型霾污染天气过程的气象特征及成因分析[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(1):39-46.
[26]黄伟,翟崇治,余家燕,等.重庆区域性灰霾天气下大气污染分析初探[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,37(7):142-146.
[27]张丹,周志恩,张灿,等.重庆市主城区春夏季不同粒径颗粒物污染特征分析[J].城市环境与城市生态,2011,24(5):1-5.
[28]郭立平,乔林,石茗化,等.河北廊坊市连续重污染天气的气象条件分析[J].干旱气象,2015,33(3):497-504.
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